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Section0133.xhtml

Section0133.xhtml 93 KB
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  12.   <title>Le for completed actions</title>
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  71.       <tr>
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  72.         <td width="100%" style=
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    74. 

  74.           <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang=
    75. 

  75.           "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The use of</span> <span class=
    76. 

  76.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    77. 

  77.           xml:lang="EN-US">as a modal particle</span></p>
    78. 

  78.           <p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>
    79. 

  79.           <p align="center"><span lang="en-us" xml:lang=
    80. 

  80.           "en-us"><a href="#Exercises" style=
    81. 

  81.           "text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial" style=
    82. 

  82.           "font-size: 16pt">Exercises</font></a></span></p>
    83. 

  83.           <p><font face="Arial" style="font-size: 16pt"><span lang=
    84. 

  84.           "EN-US" style=
    85. 

  85.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    86. 

  86.           xml:lang="EN-US">Alternative
    87. 

  87.           terminology</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    88. 

  88.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    89. 

  89.           xml:lang="EN-US">: modal particle</span> <span class=
    90. 

  90.           "hanzi" style=
    91. 

  91.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    92. 

  92.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    93. 

  93.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></font></p>
    94. 

  94.           <p><font face="Arial" style="font-size: 16pt"><a name=
    95. 

  95.           "1. What else can 了 be used for, apart from for indicating a completed action">
    96. 

  96.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    97. 

  97.           xml:lang="EN-US">1. What else can</span> <span class=
    98. 

  98.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    99. 

  99.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">be used
    100. 

  100.           for, apart from for indicating a completed
    101. 

  101.           action?</span></a></font></p>
    102. 

  102.           <p><font face="Arial" style=
    103. 

  103.           "font-size: 16pt"><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    104. 

  104.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    105. 

  105.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">may also be used in the following
    106. 

  106.           situations.</span></font></p>
    107. 

  107.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    108. 

  108.           <font face="Arial" style="font-size: 16pt"><span lang=
    109. 

  109.           "EN-US" style=
    110. 

  110.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    111. 

  111.           xml:lang="EN-US">1.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    112. 

  112.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">To
    113. 

  113.           emphasize an action which has already taken
    114. 

  114.           place.</span></font></p>
    115. 

  115.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    116. 

  116.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    117. 

  117.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    118. 

  118.           xml:lang="EN-US">2.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    119. 

  119.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">To
    120. 

  120.           indicate excessiveness.</span></p>
    121. 

  121.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    122. 

  122.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    123. 

  123.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    124. 

  124.           xml:lang="EN-US">3.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    125. 

  125.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">To
    126. 

  126.           indicate change.</span></p>
    127. 

  127.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    128. 

  128.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    129. 

  129.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    130. 

  130.           xml:lang="EN-US">4.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    131. 

  131.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">To
    132. 

  132.           indicate imminent action.</span></p>
    133. 

  133.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    134. 

  134.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    135. 

  135.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    136. 

  136.           xml:lang="EN-US">5.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    137. 

  137.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">As a
    138. 

  138.           resultative complement of</span> <span class="hanzi"
    139. 

  139.           font-family:="">完</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    140. 

  140.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">(completion)
    141. 

  141.           or</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">掉</span>
    142. 

  142.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    143. 

  143.           xml:lang="EN-US">(to get rid of something).</span></p>
    144. 

  144.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    145. 

  145.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    146. 

  146.           xml:lang="EN-US">The use of</span> <span class="hanzi"
    147. 

  147.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    148. 

  148.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    149. 

  149.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    150. 

  150.           xml:lang="EN-US">to emphasize actions that have already
    151. 

  151.           taken place</span></p>
    152. 

  152.           <p><a name="2. How is 了 used for emphasis"><span lang=
    153. 

  153.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    154. 

  154.           "EN-US">2. How is</span> <span class="hanzi"
    155. 

  155.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    156. 

  156.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">used for
    157. 

  157.           emphasis?</span></a></p>
    158. 

  158.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    159. 

  159.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    160. 

  160.           xml:lang="EN-US">can be used for emphasizing an action
    161. 

  161.           that has been completed.</span></p>
    162. 

  162.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    163. 

  163.           xml:lang="EN-US">1. To emphasize a single action,
    164. 

  164.           two</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    165. 

  165.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    166. 

  166.           xml:lang="EN-US">can be used: one after the verb and the
    167. 

  167.           other at the end of the sentence.</span></p>
    168. 

  168.           <p class="MsoFooter"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    169. 

  169.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">wŏ yĭjīng
    170. 

  170.           fàng le táng le</span></p>
    171. 

  171.           <p><span class="hanzi" style=
    172. 

  172.           "font-family: STKaiti">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    173. 

  173.           style="font-family: STKaiti">已经</span> <span class=
    174. 

  174.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">放</span>
    175. 

  175.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    176. 

  176.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">糖</span>
    177. 

  177.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    178. 

  178.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    179. 

  179.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    180. 

  180.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    181. 

  181.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    182. 

  182.           xml:lang="EN-US">I ALREADY PUT LE SUGAR LE</span></p>
    183. 

  183.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    184. 

  184.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    185. 

  185.           xml:lang="EN-US">I've already PUT the sugar
    186. 

  186.           in.</span></p>
    187. 

  187.           <p class="MsoFooter"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    188. 

  188.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">wŏ yĭjīng
    189. 

  189.           chī guò le fàn le</span></p>
    190. 

  190.           <p><span class="hanzi" style=
    191. 

  191.           "font-family: STKaiti">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    192. 

  192.           style="font-family: STKaiti">已经</span> <span class=
    193. 

  193.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">吃</span> <span lang=
    194. 

  194.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    195. 

  195.           "EN-US">[</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    196. 

  196.           "font-family: STKaiti">过</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    197. 

  197.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">]</span>
    198. 

  198.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    199. 

  199.           "font-family: STKaiti">了饭</span> <span class="hanzi"
    200. 

  200.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    201. 

  201.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    202. 

  202.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    203. 

  203.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    204. 

  204.           xml:lang="EN-US">I ALREADY EAT [GUO] LEMEAL LE</span></p>
    205. 

  205.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    206. 

  206.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    207. 

  207.           xml:lang="EN-US">I've already EATEN.</span></p>
    208. 

  208.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    209. 

  209.           xml:lang="EN-US">Without emphasis, it would be</span>
    210. 

  210.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    211. 

  211.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">我已经放了糖</span>
    212. 

  212.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    213. 

  213.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    214. 

  214.           xml:lang="EN-US">or</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    215. 

  215.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">我已经放糖了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    216. 

  216.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    217. 

  217.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    218. 

  218.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">我已经吃</span><span lang="EN-US"
    219. 

  219.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    220. 

  220.           xml:lang="EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    221. 

  221.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">饭</span><span lang="EN-US"
    222. 

  222.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    223. 

  223.           xml:lang="EN-US">)</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    224. 

  224.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    225. 

  225.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    226. 

  226.           xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    227. 

  227.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">我已经吃了饭</span>
    228. 

  228.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    229. 

  229.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    230. 

  230.           xml:lang="EN-US">or</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    231. 

  231.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">我已经吃过饭了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    232. 

  232.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    233. 

  233.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    234. 

  234.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    235. 

  235.           xml:lang="EN-US">2. To emphasize direct or indirect
    236. 

  236.           speech,</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    237. 

  237.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    238. 

  238.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">can be placed after the
    239. 

  239.           verb</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    240. 

  240.           "">说</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    241. 

  241.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    242. 

  242.           font-family:="">问</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    243. 

  243.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class=
    244. 

  244.           "hanzi" font-family:="">请</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    245. 

  245.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    246. 

  246.           "EN-US">and</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    247. 

  247.           "">告诉</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    248. 

  248.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    249. 

  249.           <p class="MsoFooter"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    250. 

  250.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">wŏ yĭjīng
    251. 

  251.           gēn tā shuō le xué hànyŭ yīnggāi yònggōng</span></p>
    252. 

  252.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我</span>
    253. 

  253.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">已经</span>
    254. 

  254.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">跟</span> <span class=
    255. 

  255.           "hanzi" font-family:="">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    256. 

  256.           font-family:="">说</span> <span class="hanzi"
    257. 

  257.           font-family:="">了学</span> <span class="hanzi"
    258. 

  258.           font-family:="">汉语</span> <span class="hanzi"
    259. 

  259.           font-family:="">应该</span><span class="hanzi"
    260. 

  260.           font-family:="">用</span> <span class="hanzi"
    261. 

  261.           font-family:="">功</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    262. 

  262.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    263. 

  263.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    264. 

  264.           xml:lang="EN-US">I ALREADYTO HIM SAY LE STUDY CHINESE
    265. 

  265.           SHOULD DILIGENT.</span></p>
    266. 

  266.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    267. 

  267.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    268. 

  268.           xml:lang="EN-US">I've already SAID to him that he should
    269. 

  269.           work hard on (his) Chinese.</span></p>
    270. 

  270.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    271. 

  271.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    272. 

  272.           xml:lang="EN-US">is not normally used for completed
    273. 

  273.           direct and indirect speech. Without the emphasis it would
    274. 

  274.           be:</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    275. 

  275.           "">我已经跟他说学汉语应该用功</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=""
    276. 

  276.           times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    277. 

  277.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    278. 

  278.           xml:lang="EN-US">3. To emphasize a sequence of actions,
    279. 

  279.           an additional</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    280. 

  280.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    281. 

  281.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is placed after the emphasized
    282. 

  282.           verb.</span></p>
    283. 

  283.           <p class="MsoFooter"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    284. 

  284.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">qù nián
    285. 

  285.           tā qĭng le wŏ chī le wŭ dùn fàn</span></p>
    286. 

  286.           <p><span class="hanzi" style=
    287. 

  287.           "font-family: STKaiti">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    288. 

  288.           style="font-family: STKaiti">年</span> <span class="hanzi"
    289. 

  289.           style="font-family: STKaiti">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    290. 

  290.           style="font-family: STKaiti">请</span> <span class="hanzi"
    291. 

  291.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span> <span class="hanzi"
    292. 

  292.           style="font-family: STKaiti">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    293. 

  293.           style="font-family: STKaiti">吃</span> <span class="hanzi"
    294. 

  294.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span> <span class="hanzi"
    295. 

  295.           style="font-family: STKaiti">五</span> <span class="hanzi"
    296. 

  296.           style="font-family: STKaiti">顿</span> <span class="hanzi"
    297. 

  297.           style="font-family: STKaiti">饭</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    298. 

  298.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    299. 

  299.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    300. 

  300.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    301. 

  301.           xml:lang="EN-US">LAST YEAR HE INVITE LE ME EATLE FIVE DUN
    302. 

  302.           MEALS</span></p>
    303. 

  303.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    304. 

  304.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    305. 

  305.           xml:lang="EN-US">Last year he INVITED me to eat five
    306. 

  306.           Chinese meals.</span></p>
    307. 

  307.           <p class="MsoFooter"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    308. 

  308.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">zuótiān
    309. 

  309.           tā qù le xiăo wáng jiā ná lái le nà bĕn shū</span></p>
    310. 

  310.           <p><span class="hanzi" style=
    311. 

  311.           "font-family: STKaiti">昨</span> <span class="hanzi"
    312. 

  312.           style="font-family: STKaiti">天</span> <span class="hanzi"
    313. 

  313.           style="font-family: STKaiti">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    314. 

  314.           style="font-family: STKaiti">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    315. 

  315.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了小</span> <span class=
    316. 

  316.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">王</span>
    317. 

  317.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    318. 

  318.           "font-family: STKaiti">家</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    319. 

  319.           "font-family: STKaiti">拿</span> <span class="hanzi"
    320. 

  320.           style="font-family: STKaiti">来</span> <span class="hanzi"
    321. 

  321.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span class="hanzi"
    322. 

  322.           style="font-family: STKaiti">那</span> <span class="hanzi"
    323. 

  323.           style="font-family: STKaiti">本</span> <span class="hanzi"
    324. 

  324.           style="font-family: STKaiti">书</span><span lang="EN-US"
    325. 

  325.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    326. 

  326.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    327. 

  327.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    328. 

  328.           xml:lang="EN-US">YESTERDAY, HE GO LE XIAO WANG'S HOME
    329. 

  329.           BRING BACK LE THAT BEN BOOK</span></p>
    330. 

  330.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    331. 

  331.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    332. 

  332.           xml:lang="EN-US">Yesterdayhe WENT Xiao Wang's place and
    333. 

  333.           brought that book back.</span></p>
    334. 

  334.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    335. 

  335.           xml:lang="EN-US">Without the emphasis,</span>
    336. 

  336.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    337. 

  337.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    338. 

  338.           "EN-US">for completed action should be placed after the
    339. 

  339.           last verb of the sentence:</span> <span class="hanzi"
    340. 

  340.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">去年</span>
    341. 

  341.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    342. 

  342.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">他</span>
    343. 

  343.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    344. 

  344.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">请</span>
    345. 

  345.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    346. 

  346.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">我</span>
    347. 

  347.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    348. 

  348.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">吃了五顿</span>
    349. 

  349.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    350. 

  350.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">饭</span>
    351. 

  351.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    352. 

  352.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    353. 

  353.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    354. 

  354.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">昨天他去小王家拿来了那本书</span><span lang="EN-US"
    355. 

  355.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    356. 

  356.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    357. 

  357.           <p><a name=
    358. 

  358.           "3. Can 了 be used to emphasize negative actions"><span lang="EN-US"
    359. 

  359.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">3.
    360. 

  360.           Can</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    361. 

  361.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    362. 

  362.           xml:lang="EN-US">be used to emphasize negative
    363. 

  363.           actions?</span></a></p>
    364. 

  364.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    365. 

  365.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    366. 

  366.           xml:lang="EN-US">cannot be used to emphasize negation.
    367. 

  367.           The adverb</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    368. 

  368.           "">并</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    369. 

  369.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is placed before the
    370. 

  370.           negatives</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    371. 

  371.           "">不</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    372. 

  372.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">or</span> <span class="hanzi"
    373. 

  373.           font-family:="">没</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    374. 

  374.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">to emphasize the
    375. 

  375.           negation</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    376. 

  376.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    377. 

  377.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    378. 

  378.           <p class="MsoFooter"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    379. 

  379.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">wŏ bìng
    380. 

  380.           méi gēn tā shuō xué zhōngwén dĕi yònggōng</span></p>
    381. 

  381.           <p><span class="hanzi" style=
    382. 

  382.           "font-family: STKaiti">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    383. 

  383.           style="font-family: STKaiti">并</span> <span class="hanzi"
    384. 

  384.           style="font-family: STKaiti">没</span> <span class="hanzi"
    385. 

  385.           style="font-family: STKaiti">跟</span> <span class="hanzi"
    386. 

  386.           style="font-family: STKaiti">她</span> <span class="hanzi"
    387. 

  387.           style="font-family: STKaiti">说</span><span class="hanzi"
    388. 

  388.           style="font-family: STKaiti">学</span> <span class="hanzi"
    389. 

  389.           style="font-family: STKaiti">中文</span> <span class=
    390. 

  390.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">得</span>
    391. 

  391.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">用</span>
    392. 

  392.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    393. 

  393.           "font-family: STKaiti">功</span><span style=
    394. 

  394.           "font-family: STKaiti">.</span></p>
    395. 

  395.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    396. 

  396.           xml:lang="EN-US">I BING NOT TO HER SAYLEARN CHINESE MUST
    397. 

  397.           DILIGENT</span></p>
    398. 

  398.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    399. 

  399.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    400. 

  400.           xml:lang="EN-US">I did not (at all) say to her that one
    401. 

  401.           must work hard at Chinese.</span></p>
    402. 

  402.           <p><a name=
    403. 

  403.           "4. Can 了 be used to emphasize stative verbs or complements of degree">
    404. 

  404.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    405. 

  405.           xml:lang="EN-US">4. Can</span> <span class="hanzi"
    406. 

  406.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    407. 

  407.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">be used to emphasize
    408. 

  408.           stative verbs or complements of degree?</span></a></p>
    409. 

  409.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    410. 

  410.           xml:lang="EN-US">No,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    411. 

  411.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    412. 

  412.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">cannot be used to
    413. 

  413.           emphasize stative verbs or the complement of degree
    414. 

  414.           construction. However, it can be used with the stative
    415. 

  415.           verb</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    416. 

  416.           "">对</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    417. 

  417.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">, and with</span> <span class=
    418. 

  418.           "hanzi" font-family:="">得多</span><span lang="EN-US"
    419. 

  419.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">( in the
    420. 

  420.           comparative construction).</span></p>
    421. 

  421.           <p class="MsoFooter"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    422. 

  422.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">duì letā
    423. 

  423.           de zhōngwén bĭ wŏ hăo duō le</span></p>
    424. 

  424.           <p><span class="hanzi" style=
    425. 

  425.           "font-family: STKaiti">对</span> <span class="hanzi"
    426. 

  426.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    427. 

  427.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    428. 

  428.           "EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    429. 

  429.           "font-family: STKaiti">她</span> <span class="hanzi"
    430. 

  430.           style="font-family: STKaiti">的</span> <span class="hanzi"
    431. 

  431.           style="font-family: STKaiti">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    432. 

  432.           style="font-family: STKaiti">文</span> <span class="hanzi"
    433. 

  433.           style="font-family: STKaiti">比我</span> <span class=
    434. 

  434.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">好</span>
    435. 

  435.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">多</span>
    436. 

  436.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    437. 

  437.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span style=
    438. 

  438.           "font-family: STKaiti">.</span></p>
    439. 

  439.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    440. 

  440.           xml:lang="EN-US">CORRECT LE SHE DECHINESE BI I GOOD VERY
    441. 

  441.           MUCH LE</span></p>
    442. 

  442.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    443. 

  443.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    444. 

  444.           xml:lang="EN-US">That’s right, her Chinese is very much
    445. 

  445.           better than mine.</span></p>
    446. 

  446.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    447. 

  447.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    448. 

  448.           xml:lang="EN-US">The use of</span> <span class="hanzi"
    449. 

  449.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    450. 

  450.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    451. 

  451.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    452. 

  452.           xml:lang="EN-US">to express excessiveness</span></p>
    453. 

  453.           <p><a name=
    454. 

  454.           "5. How is 了 used to express excessiveness"><span lang=
    455. 

  455.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    456. 

  456.           "EN-US">5. How is</span> <span class="hanzi"
    457. 

  457.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    458. 

  458.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">used to express
    459. 

  459.           excessiveness?</span></a></p>
    460. 

  460.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    461. 

  461.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    462. 

  462.           xml:lang="EN-US">is often placed at the end of
    463. 

  463.           expressions which indicate excessiveness, such as</span>
    464. 

  464.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">太冷了</span><span lang=
    465. 

  465.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    466. 

  466.           "EN-US">it’s</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=""
    467. 

  467.           times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">too cold,</span>
    468. 

  468.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">难极了</span><span lang=
    469. 

  469.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    470. 

  470.           "EN-US">it’s extremely difficult</span><span lang="EN-US"
    471. 

  471.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span>
    472. 

  472.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">可热了</span><span lang=
    473. 

  473.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    474. 

  474.           "EN-US">it’s really hot</span><span lang="EN-US"
    475. 

  475.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. See
    476. 

  476.           the following</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=""
    477. 

  477.           times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">patterns:</span></p>
    478. 

  478.           <p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><font size="3"><span class=
    479. 

  479.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    480. 

  480.           "3">太</font></span> <font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    481. 

  481.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    482. 

  482.           "EN-US"><font size="3">stative verb</font></span>
    483. 

  483.           <font size="3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    484. 

  484.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    485. 

  485.           "3">了</font></span></font></font></font></p>
    486. 

  486.           <p style="margin-left:48.0pt;text-indent:24.0pt">
    487. 

  487.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang=
    488. 

  488.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    489. 

  489.           "EN-US"><font size="3">stative verb</font></span>
    490. 

  490.           <font size="3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    491. 

  491.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    492. 

  492.           "3">极了</font></span></font></font></font></font></p>
    493. 

  493.           <p style="margin-left:48.0pt;text-indent:24.0pt">
    494. 

  494.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    495. 

  495.           "3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    496. 

  496.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size="3">可</font></span>
    497. 

  497.           <font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    498. 

  498.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    499. 

  499.           "EN-US"><font size="3">stative
    500. 

  500.           verb</font></span><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    501. 

  501.           style="font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    502. 

  502.           "3">了</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    503. 

  503.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    504. 

  504.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    505. 

  505.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    506. 

  506.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    507. 

  507.           xml:lang="EN-US">Sometimes there is no</span>
    508. 

  508.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    509. 

  509.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    510. 

  510.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    511. 

  511.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    512. 

  512.           xml:lang="EN-US">in a</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    513. 

  513.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">太</span>
    514. 

  514.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    515. 

  515.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    516. 

  516.           xml:lang="EN-US">expression. Why is
    517. 

  517.           that?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    518. 

  518.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    519. 

  519.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    520. 

  520.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    521. 

  521.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">Among
    522. 

  522.           the above expressions,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    523. 

  523.           font-family:="">太</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    524. 

  524.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is the only one which
    525. 

  525.           can be used without</span> <span class="hanzi"
    526. 

  526.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    527. 

  527.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. But if</span>
    528. 

  528.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    529. 

  529.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    530. 

  530.           "EN-US">is omitted, the tone of voice can be rather
    531. 

  531.           rough. In colloquial Chinese,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    532. 

  532.           font-family:="">太</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    533. 

  533.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">can be omitted to
    534. 

  534.           show that the situation is slightly different from the
    535. 

  535.           one which the speaker
    536. 

  536.           expected.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    537. 

  537.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    538. 

  538.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    539. 

  539.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    540. 

  540.           font-family:="">一点儿</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    541. 

  541.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    542. 

  542.           "EN-US">or</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    543. 

  543.           "">一</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">些</span>
    544. 

  544.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    545. 

  545.           xml:lang="EN-US">(a little) are placed after</span>
    546. 

  546.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span><span lang=
    547. 

  547.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    548. 

  548.           "EN-US">, in a (</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    549. 

  549.           "">太</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    550. 

  550.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">)...</span><span class="hanzi"
    551. 

  551.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    552. 

  552.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    553. 

  553.           "EN-US">sentence.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    554. 

  554.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    555. 

  555.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    556. 

  556.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    557. 

  557.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    558. 

  558.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">zhè jiàn
    559. 

  559.           yīfu tài dà le yìdiănr nà ge wèntí tài nán le
    560. 

  560.           yìdiănr</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    561. 

  561.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    562. 

  562.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    563. 

  563.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    564. 

  564.           style="font-family: STKaiti">这</span> <span class="hanzi"
    565. 

  565.           style="font-family: STKaiti">件</span> <span class="hanzi"
    566. 

  566.           style="font-family: STKaiti">衣服</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    567. 

  567.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    568. 

  568.           "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    569. 

  569.           "font-family: STKaiti">太</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    570. 

  570.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">)</span>
    571. 

  571.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    572. 

  572.           "font-family: STKaiti">大</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    573. 

  573.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    574. 

  574.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    575. 

  575.           "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    576. 

  576.           "font-family: STKaiti">一点儿</span><span lang="EN-US"
    577. 

  577.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    578. 

  578.           "EN-US">).</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    579. 

  579.           "font-family: STKaiti">那</span> <span class="hanzi"
    580. 

  580.           style="font-family: STKaiti">个</span> <span class="hanzi"
    581. 

  581.           style="font-family: STKaiti">问题</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    582. 

  582.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    583. 

  583.           "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    584. 

  584.           "font-family: STKaiti">太</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    585. 

  585.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">)</span>
    586. 

  586.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">难</span>
    587. 

  587.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    588. 

  588.           "font-family: STKaiti">了一点儿</span><span lang="EN-US"
    589. 

  589.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    590. 

  590.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    591. 

  591.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    592. 

  592.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    593. 

  593.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    594. 

  594.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">THIS
    595. 

  595.           JIAN CLOTHING (TOO)BIG LE A LITTLE THAT GE QUESTION (TOO)
    596. 

  596.           HARD LE A
    597. 

  597.           LITTLE</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    598. 

  598.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    599. 

  599.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    600. 

  600.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    601. 

  601.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    602. 

  602.           xml:lang="EN-US">This jacket is a little too big. That
    603. 

  603.           question is a little too
    604. 

  604.           difficult.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    605. 

  605.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    606. 

  606.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    607. 

  607.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><a name=
    608. 

  608.           "6. Can be the following expressions be placed before nouns: 太 stative verb 了; stative verb 极; and 可 stative verb 了">
    609. 

  609.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    610. 

  610.           xml:lang="EN-US">6. Can be the following expressions be
    611. 

  611.           placed before nouns:</span> <span class="hanzi"
    612. 

  612.           font-family:="">太</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    613. 

  613.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">stative verb</span>
    614. 

  614.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span><span lang=
    615. 

  615.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    616. 

  616.           "EN-US">; stative verb</span> <span class="hanzi"
    617. 

  617.           font-family:="">极</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    618. 

  618.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">; and</span>
    619. 

  619.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">可</span> <span lang=
    620. 

  620.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    621. 

  621.           "EN-US">stative verb</span> <span class="hanzi"
    622. 

  622.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    623. 

  623.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    624. 

  624.           "EN-US">?</span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    625. 

  625.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    626. 

  626.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    627. 

  627.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    628. 

  628.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">No, they
    629. 

  629.           cannot be used as adjectives in sentences.</span>
    630. 

  630.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    631. 

  631.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    632. 

  632.           "EN-US">also gives a sense of the end of a sentence, so
    633. 

  633.           the above expressions are only used as stative verbs or
    634. 

  634.           complements of degree in sentences. In other words they
    635. 

  635.           cannot be placed before</span> <span class="hanzi"
    636. 

  636.           font-family:="">的</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    637. 

  637.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">, but should be
    638. 

  638.           placed at end of sentences or clauses. One cannot
    639. 

  639.           say</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    640. 

  640.           "">太冷了的饭</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=
    641. 

  641.           "" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi"
    642. 

  642.           font-family:="">难极了的书</span><span lang="EN-US"
    643. 

  643.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span>
    644. 

  644.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    645. 

  645.           "">可热了的天气</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=
    646. 

  646.           "" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. One should say:</span>
    647. 

  647.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">饭太冷了</span>
    648. 

  648.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    649. 

  649.           xml:lang="EN-US">the rice is too cold,</span>
    650. 

  650.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">那本书叫他写得难极了</span>
    651. 

  651.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    652. 

  652.           xml:lang="EN-US">that book he wrote is too
    653. 

  653.           difficult,</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    654. 

  654.           "">天气可热了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=
    655. 

  655.           "" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">it’s extremely
    656. 

  656.           hot</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    657. 

  657.           new="" xml:lang=
    658. 

  658.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    659. 

  659.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    660. 

  660.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    661. 

  661.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    662. 

  662.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US"><a name=
    663. 

  663.           "7. Can the above three expressions have negative forms">7.
    664. 

  664.           Can the above three expressions have negative
    665. 

  665.           forms?</a></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    666. 

  666.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    667. 

  667.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    668. 

  668.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    669. 

  669.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">The
    670. 

  670.           negation</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    671. 

  671.           "">不</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    672. 

  672.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">can be placed before</span>
    673. 

  673.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">太</span> <span lang=
    674. 

  674.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    675. 

  675.           "EN-US">and after</span> <span class="hanzi"
    676. 

  676.           font-family:="">可</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    677. 

  677.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">, but</span>
    678. 

  678.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">极</span> <span lang=
    679. 

  679.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    680. 

  680.           "EN-US">cannot take the negative form. If the
    681. 

  681.           negation</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    682. 

  682.           "">不</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    683. 

  683.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is used,</span> <span class=
    684. 

  684.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    685. 

  685.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">should
    686. 

  686.           be left
    687. 

  687.           out.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    688. 

  688.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    689. 

  689.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    690. 

  690.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    691. 

  691.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    692. 

  692.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">fàn bú
    693. 

  693.           tài lĕng tiānqi kĕ bú
    694. 

  694.           rè</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    695. 

  695.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    696. 

  696.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    697. 

  697.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    698. 

  698.           style="font-family: STKaiti">饭</span> <span class="hanzi"
    699. 

  699.           style="font-family: STKaiti">不</span> <span class="hanzi"
    700. 

  700.           style="font-family: STKaiti">太</span> <span class="hanzi"
    701. 

  701.           style="font-family: STKaiti">冷</span> <span class="hanzi"
    702. 

  702.           style="font-family: STKaiti">天气</span> <span class=
    703. 

  703.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">可</span>
    704. 

  704.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">不</span>
    705. 

  705.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    706. 

  706.           "font-family: STKaiti">热</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    707. 

  707.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    708. 

  708.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    709. 

  709.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    710. 

  710.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    711. 

  711.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    712. 

  712.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">RICE
    713. 

  713.           NOTTOO COLD WEATHER REALLY NOT
    714. 

  714.           HOT</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    715. 

  715.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    716. 

  716.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    717. 

  717.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    718. 

  718.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    719. 

  719.           xml:lang="EN-US">The rice is not too cold. The weather is
    720. 

  720.           not really
    721. 

  721.           hot.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    722. 

  722.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    723. 

  723.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    724. 

  724.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    725. 

  725.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    726. 

  726.           "EN-US">If</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    727. 

  727.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    728. 

  728.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">appears at the end of a negative
    729. 

  729.           sentence</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    730. 

  730.           "">饭不太热了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=
    731. 

  731.           "" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">, it indicates change: the
    732. 

  732.           rice is not too hot any
    733. 

  733.           more.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    734. 

  734.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    735. 

  735.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    736. 

  736.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    737. 

  737.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    738. 

  738.           xml:lang="EN-US">The use of</span> <span class="hanzi"
    739. 

  739.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    740. 

  740.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    741. 

  741.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    742. 

  742.           xml:lang="EN-US">to express a change of
    743. 

  743.           situation</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    744. 

  744.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    745. 

  745.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    746. 

  746.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><a name=
    747. 

  747.           "8. When do I use 了 for a change of situation, and where does it go in a sentence">
    748. 

  748.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    749. 

  749.           xml:lang="EN-US">8. When do I use</span> <span class=
    750. 

  750.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    751. 

  751.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">for a
    752. 

  752.           change of situation, and where does it go in a
    753. 

  753.           sentence?</span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    754. 

  754.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    755. 

  755.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    756. 

  756.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    757. 

  757.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">If the
    758. 

  758.           modal particle</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    759. 

  759.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    760. 

  760.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is used to indicate change it
    761. 

  761.           should always be placed at the end of a sentence. It can
    762. 

  762.           be used in the following
    763. 

  763.           situations.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    764. 

  764.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    765. 

  765.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    766. 

  766.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    767. 

  767.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">1. To
    768. 

  768.           indicate a change in the weather, in seasons or in
    769. 

  769.           time.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    770. 

  770.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    771. 

  771.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    772. 

  772.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    773. 

  773.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    774. 

  774.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">chūntiān
    775. 

  775.           le tiānqi nuănhuó le sān diăn bàn
    776. 

  776.           le</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    777. 

  777.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    778. 

  778.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    779. 

  779.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    780. 

  780.           style="font-family: STKaiti">春</span> <span class="hanzi"
    781. 

  781.           style="font-family: STKaiti">天</span> <span class="hanzi"
    782. 

  782.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    783. 

  783.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    784. 

  784.           "EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    785. 

  785.           "font-family: STKaiti">天</span> <span class="hanzi"
    786. 

  786.           style="font-family: STKaiti">气</span> <span class="hanzi"
    787. 

  787.           style="font-family: STKaiti">暖</span> <span class="hanzi"
    788. 

  788.           style="font-family: STKaiti">和</span> <span class="hanzi"
    789. 

  789.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    790. 

  790.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    791. 

  791.           "EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    792. 

  792.           "font-family: STKaiti">三</span> <span class="hanzi"
    793. 

  793.           style="font-family: STKaiti">点</span> <span class="hanzi"
    794. 

  794.           style="font-family: STKaiti">半</span> <span class="hanzi"
    795. 

  795.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    796. 

  796.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    797. 

  797.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    798. 

  798.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    799. 

  799.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    800. 

  800.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    801. 

  801.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">SPRING
    802. 

  802.           LE. WEATHER WARM LE THREE O'CLOCK HALF
    803. 

  803.           LE</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    804. 

  804.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    805. 

  805.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    806. 

  806.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    807. 

  807.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    808. 

  808.           xml:lang="EN-US">It's spring (now). The weather is
    809. 

  809.           getting warm. It's half past
    810. 

  810.           three.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    811. 

  811.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    812. 

  812.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    813. 

  813.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    814. 

  814.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">As you
    815. 

  815.           can see from the above sentences,</span> <span class=
    816. 

  816.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    817. 

  817.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">can also
    818. 

  818.           be placed after a noun (for the weather, seasons or
    819. 

  819.           time), and after a stative
    820. 

  820.           verb.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    821. 

  821.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    822. 

  822.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    823. 

  823.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    824. 

  824.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">2. To
    825. 

  825.           indicate a change of situation,</span> <span class=
    826. 

  826.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    827. 

  827.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is
    828. 

  828.           placed at the end of a
    829. 

  829.           sentence.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    830. 

  830.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    831. 

  831.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    832. 

  832.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    833. 

  833.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    834. 

  834.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">xiànzài
    835. 

  835.           wŏbú shì lăoshī le xiànzài rén duō
    836. 

  836.           le</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    837. 

  837.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    838. 

  838.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    839. 

  839.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    840. 

  840.           style="font-family: STKaiti">现</span> <span class="hanzi"
    841. 

  841.           style="font-family: STKaiti">在我</span> <span class=
    842. 

  842.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">不</span>
    843. 

  843.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">是</span>
    844. 

  844.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">老</span>
    845. 

  845.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">师</span>
    846. 

  846.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    847. 

  847.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    848. 

  848.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span>
    849. 

  849.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">现</span>
    850. 

  850.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">在</span>
    851. 

  851.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">人</span>
    852. 

  852.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">多</span>
    853. 

  853.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    854. 

  854.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    855. 

  855.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    856. 

  856.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    857. 

  857.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    858. 

  858.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    859. 

  859.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    860. 

  860.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">NOWINOT
    861. 

  861.           BE TEACHER LE NOW PEOPLE MANY
    862. 

  862.           LE</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    863. 

  863.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    864. 

  864.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    865. 

  865.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    866. 

  866.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    867. 

  867.           xml:lang="EN-US">I'm not a teacher any more. Now there
    868. 

  868.           are many
    869. 

  869.           people.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    870. 

  870.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    871. 

  871.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    872. 

  872.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><a name=
    873. 

  873.           "9. Are the functions of 了 always clear in sentences"><span lang="EN-US"
    874. 

  874.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">9. Are
    875. 

  875.           the functions of</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    876. 

  876.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    877. 

  877.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">always clear in
    878. 

  878.           sentences?</span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    879. 

  879.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    880. 

  880.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    881. 

  881.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    882. 

  882.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">Yes,
    883. 

  883.           they should always be clear. But sometimes</span>
    884. 

  884.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    885. 

  885.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    886. 

  886.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">can have
    887. 

  887.           many implications, with the result that ambiguous
    888. 

  888.           meanings are then unavoidable. In particular, when</span>
    889. 

  889.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    890. 

  890.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    891. 

  891.           "EN-US">is placed at the end of a sentence there may be a
    892. 

  892.           grey area where it is hard to differentiate between
    893. 

  893.           the</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    894. 

  894.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    895. 

  895.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    896. 

  896.           xml:lang="EN-US">for change of situation and the</span>
    897. 

  897.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    898. 

  898.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    899. 

  899.           "EN-US">for completed
    900. 

  900.           action.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    901. 

  901.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    902. 

  902.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    903. 

  903.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    904. 

  904.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    905. 

  905.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">xiăo wáng
    906. 

  906.           lái le wŏmen chī fàn
    907. 

  907.           le</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    908. 

  908.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    909. 

  909.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    910. 

  910.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    911. 

  911.           style="font-family: STKaiti">小</span> <span class="hanzi"
    912. 

  912.           style="font-family: STKaiti">王</span> <span class="hanzi"
    913. 

  913.           style="font-family: STKaiti">来</span> <span class="hanzi"
    914. 

  914.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    915. 

  915.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    916. 

  916.           "EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    917. 

  917.           "font-family: STKaiti">我们</span> <span class="hanzi"
    918. 

  918.           style="font-family: STKaiti">吃</span> <span class="hanzi"
    919. 

  919.           style="font-family: STKaiti">饭</span> <span class="hanzi"
    920. 

  920.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    921. 

  921.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    922. 

  922.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    923. 

  923.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    924. 

  924.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    925. 

  925.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    926. 

  926.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">XIAOWANG
    927. 

  927.           COME LE WE EAT MEAL
    928. 

  928.           LE</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    929. 

  929.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    930. 

  930.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    931. 

  931.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    932. 

  932.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    933. 

  933.           xml:lang="EN-US">Wang has come. We have
    934. 

  934.           eaten.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    935. 

  935.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    936. 

  936.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    937. 

  937.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    938. 

  938.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    939. 

  939.           "EN-US">(Completed action.) (Completed
    940. 

  940.           action.)</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    941. 

  941.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    942. 

  942.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    943. 

  943.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    944. 

  944.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    945. 

  945.           xml:lang="EN-US">Now Wang is coming. We're about to
    946. 

  946.           eat.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    947. 

  947.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    948. 

  948.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    949. 

  949.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    950. 

  950.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">(Change
    951. 

  951.           of situation.) (Imminent
    952. 

  952.           action.)</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    953. 

  953.           <p style="margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:24.0pt">
    954. 

  954.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    955. 

  955.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    956. 

  956.           "3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    957. 

  957.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    958. 

  958.           xml:lang="EN-US">Now we are eating the
    959. 

  959.           meal</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    960. 

  960.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    961. 

  961.           xml:lang="EN-US">. [We were eating fruit
    962. 

  962.           before.]</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    963. 

  963.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    964. 

  964.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    965. 

  965.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    966. 

  966.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">It is
    967. 

  967.           important to add appropriate words to clarify what you
    968. 

  968.           want to
    969. 

  969.           say.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    970. 

  970.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    971. 

  971.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    972. 

  972.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    973. 

  973.           font-family:="">我们已经吃过饭了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    974. 

  974.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. We've
    975. 

  975.           eaten.</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    976. 

  976.           "">我们就要吃饭了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=""
    977. 

  977.           times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. We're about to
    978. 

  978.           eat.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    979. 

  979.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    980. 

  980.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    981. 

  981.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    982. 

  982.           font-family:="">我们现在吃饭了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    983. 

  983.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. Now we
    984. 

  984.           are eating our
    985. 

  985.           meal.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    986. 

  986.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    987. 

  987.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    988. 

  988.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    989. 

  989.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    990. 

  990.           xml:lang="EN-US">The use of</span> <span class="hanzi"
    991. 

  991.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    992. 

  992.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    993. 

  993.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    994. 

  994.           xml:lang="EN-US">to indicate an imminent
    995. 

  995.           action.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    996. 

  996.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    997. 

  997.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    998. 

  998.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    999. 

  999.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US"><a name=
    1000. 

  1000.           "10. How many sentence patterns can be used to indicate imminent action">
    1001. 

  1001.           10. How many sentence patterns can be used to indicate
    1002. 

  1002.           imminent
    1003. 

  1003.           action?</a></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1004. 

  1004.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1005. 

  1005.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1006. 

  1006.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1007. 

  1007.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">The
    1008. 

  1008.           following are the most commonly used
    1009. 

  1009.           "frame-patterns".</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1010. 

  1010.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1011. 

  1011.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1012. 

  1012.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1013. 

  1013.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1014. 

  1014.           style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" xml:lang=
    1015. 

  1015.           "EN-US">1.</span> <font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    1016. 

  1016.           style="font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1017. 

  1017.           "3">要</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1018. 

  1018.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1019. 

  1019.           "EN-US"><font size="3">...</font></span><font size=
    1020. 

  1020.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1021. 

  1021.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1022. 

  1022.           "3">了</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1023. 

  1023.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1024. 

  1024.           "EN-US"><font size="3">, (</font></span><font size=
    1025. 

  1025.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1026. 

  1026.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1027. 

  1027.           "3">要快</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1028. 

  1028.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1029. 

  1029.           "EN-US"><font size="3">...</font></span><font size=
    1030. 

  1030.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1031. 

  1031.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1032. 

  1032.           "3">了</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1033. 

  1033.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1034. 

  1034.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1035. 

  1035.           "3">)</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1036. 

  1036.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1037. 

  1037.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1038. 

  1038.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1039. 

  1039.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1040. 

  1040.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1041. 

  1041.           style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" xml:lang=
    1042. 

  1042.           "EN-US">2.</span> <font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    1043. 

  1043.           style="font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1044. 

  1044.           "3">快</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1045. 

  1045.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1046. 

  1046.           "EN-US"><font size="3">...</font></span><font size=
    1047. 

  1047.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1048. 

  1048.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1049. 

  1049.           "3">了</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1050. 

  1050.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1051. 

  1051.           "EN-US"><font size="3">,</font></span> <font size=
    1052. 

  1052.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1053. 

  1053.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1054. 

  1054.           "3">快要</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1055. 

  1055.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1056. 

  1056.           "EN-US"><font size="3">...</font></span><font size=
    1057. 

  1057.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1058. 

  1058.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1059. 

  1059.           "3">了</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1060. 

  1060.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1061. 

  1061.           "EN-US"><font size="3">,</font></span> <font size=
    1062. 

  1062.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1063. 

  1063.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1064. 

  1064.           "3">快就</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1065. 

  1065.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1066. 

  1066.           "EN-US"><font size="3">...</font></span><font size=
    1067. 

  1067.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1068. 

  1068.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1069. 

  1069.           "3">了</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1070. 

  1070.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1071. 

  1071.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1072. 

  1072.           "3">.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1073. 

  1073.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1074. 

  1074.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1075. 

  1075.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1076. 

  1076.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1077. 

  1077.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1078. 

  1078.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1079. 

  1079.           style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" xml:lang=
    1080. 

  1080.           "EN-US">3.</span> <font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    1081. 

  1081.           style="font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1082. 

  1082.           "3">就要</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1083. 

  1083.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1084. 

  1084.           "EN-US"><font size="3">...</font></span><font size=
    1085. 

  1085.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1086. 

  1086.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1087. 

  1087.           "3">了</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1088. 

  1088.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1089. 

  1089.           "EN-US"><font size="3">,</font></span> <font size=
    1090. 

  1090.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1091. 

  1091.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1092. 

  1092.           "3">就快</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1093. 

  1093.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1094. 

  1094.           "EN-US"><font size="3">...</font></span><font size=
    1095. 

  1095.           "3"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1096. 

  1096.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1097. 

  1097.           "3">了</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1098. 

  1098.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1099. 

  1099.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1100. 

  1100.           "3">.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1101. 

  1101.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1102. 

  1102.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1103. 

  1103.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1104. 

  1104.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1105. 

  1105.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1106. 

  1106.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1107. 

  1107.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">The
    1108. 

  1108.           action which is about to happen is framed by these
    1109. 

  1109.           patterns. The possible elements which can be framed
    1110. 

  1110.           within these patterns are time words, verb-object phrases
    1111. 

  1111.           and
    1112. 

  1112.           verbs.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1113. 

  1113.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    1114. 

  1114.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1115. 

  1115.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1116. 

  1116.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1117. 

  1117.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1118. 

  1118.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1119. 

  1119.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1120. 

  1120.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">kuàiyào
    1121. 

  1121.           shí diăn le jiùyàoxià kè le jiùkuài kū
    1122. 

  1122.           le</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1123. 

  1123.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1124. 

  1124.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1125. 

  1125.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1126. 

  1126.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1127. 

  1127.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1128. 

  1128.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    1129. 

  1129.           style="font-family: STKaiti">快要</span> <span class=
    1130. 

  1130.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">十</span>
    1131. 

  1131.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">点</span>
    1132. 

  1132.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    1133. 

  1133.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1134. 

  1134.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span>
    1135. 

  1135.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    1136. 

  1136.           "font-family: STKaiti">就要</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1137. 

  1137.           style="font-family: STKaiti">下</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1138. 

  1138.           style="font-family: STKaiti">课</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1139. 

  1139.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1140. 

  1140.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1141. 

  1141.           "EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    1142. 

  1142.           "font-family: STKaiti">就快</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1143. 

  1143.           style="font-family: STKaiti">哭</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1144. 

  1144.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1145. 

  1145.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1146. 

  1146.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1147. 

  1147.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1148. 

  1148.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1149. 

  1149.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1150. 

  1150.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1151. 

  1151.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1152. 

  1152.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1153. 

  1153.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">NEARLY
    1154. 

  1154.           10 O'CLOCK LE NEARLY FINISH CLASS LE NEARLY CRY
    1155. 

  1155.           LE</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1156. 

  1156.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1157. 

  1157.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1158. 

  1158.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1159. 

  1159.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1160. 

  1160.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1161. 

  1161.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1162. 

  1162.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    1163. 

  1163.           xml:lang="EN-US">Nearly 10 o'clock. The class is about to
    1164. 

  1164.           finish. (Somebody) is about to
    1165. 

  1165.           cry.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1166. 

  1166.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1167. 

  1167.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1168. 

  1168.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1169. 

  1169.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1170. 

  1170.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1171. 

  1171.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1172. 

  1172.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US"><a name=
    1173. 

  1173.           "11. Do these expressions indicate the same degree of urgency">
    1174. 

  1174.           11. Do these expressions indicate the same degree of
    1175. 

  1175.           urgency?</a></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1176. 

  1176.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1177. 

  1177.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1178. 

  1178.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1179. 

  1179.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1180. 

  1180.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1181. 

  1181.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1182. 

  1182.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">Yes,
    1183. 

  1183.           they indicate the same degree of
    1184. 

  1184.           urgency.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1185. 

  1185.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1186. 

  1186.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1187. 

  1187.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1188. 

  1188.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1189. 

  1189.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1190. 

  1190.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1191. 

  1191.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    1192. 

  1192.           xml:lang="EN-US">The use of</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1193. 

  1193.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    1194. 

  1194.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    1195. 

  1195.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    1196. 

  1196.           xml:lang="EN-US">as a resultative
    1197. 

  1197.           complement.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1198. 

  1198.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1199. 

  1199.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1200. 

  1200.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1201. 

  1201.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1202. 

  1202.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1203. 

  1203.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    1204. 

  1204.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1205. 

  1205.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not only used as a
    1206. 

  1206.           particle to indicate that an action has been completed,
    1207. 

  1207.           but can also imply</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1208. 

  1208.           font-family:="">完</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1209. 

  1209.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1210. 

  1210.           "EN-US">completion</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1211. 

  1211.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">, and</span>
    1212. 

  1212.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">掉</span> <span lang=
    1213. 

  1213.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1214. 

  1214.           "EN-US">getting rid of something</span> <span lang=
    1215. 

  1215.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1216. 

  1216.           "EN-US">by acting as a resultative complement in a
    1217. 

  1217.           sentence. In this usage</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1218. 

  1218.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1219. 

  1219.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">has two functions:
    1220. 

  1220.           one is as a resultative complement; and the other is as a
    1221. 

  1221.           particle for completed
    1222. 

  1222.           action.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1223. 

  1223.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    1224. 

  1224.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1225. 

  1225.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1226. 

  1226.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1227. 

  1227.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1228. 

  1228.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1229. 

  1229.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1230. 

  1230.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">tā bă
    1231. 

  1231.           dōngxi dōu mài le tā băjiŭ hē le tā bă shū rēng
    1232. 

  1232.           le</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1233. 

  1233.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1234. 

  1234.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1235. 

  1235.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1236. 

  1236.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1237. 

  1237.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1238. 

  1238.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    1239. 

  1239.           style="font-family: STKaiti">她把</span> <span class=
    1240. 

  1240.           "hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">东西</span>
    1241. 

  1241.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">都</span>
    1242. 

  1242.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">卖</span>
    1243. 

  1243.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    1244. 

  1244.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">他</span>
    1245. 

  1245.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">把</span>
    1246. 

  1246.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">酒</span>
    1247. 

  1247.           <span class="hanzi" style="font-family: STKaiti">喝</span>
    1248. 

  1248.           <span class="hanzi" style=
    1249. 

  1249.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    1250. 

  1250.           "font-family: STKaiti">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1251. 

  1251.           style="font-family: STKaiti">把</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1252. 

  1252.           style="font-family: STKaiti">书</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1253. 

  1253.           style="font-family: STKaiti">扔</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1254. 

  1254.           style=
    1255. 

  1255.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1256. 

  1256.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1257. 

  1257.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1258. 

  1258.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1259. 

  1259.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1260. 

  1260.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1261. 

  1261.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1262. 

  1262.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">SHE BA
    1263. 

  1263.           THINGS ALL SELL LE HE BA WINE DRINK LE HE BA BOOK THROW
    1264. 

  1264.           LE</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1265. 

  1265.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1266. 

  1266.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1267. 

  1267.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1268. 

  1268.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1269. 

  1269.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1270. 

  1270.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1271. 

  1271.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    1272. 

  1272.           xml:lang="EN-US">She has sold everything. He's drunk up
    1273. 

  1273.           all the wine. He's thrown away
    1274. 

  1274.           thebook.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1275. 

  1275.           <p style="margin-left:264.0pt;text-indent:24.0pt"></p>
    1276. 

  1276.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1277. 

  1277.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1278. 

  1278.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1279. 

  1279.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1280. 

  1280.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1281. 

  1281.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1282. 

  1282.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">All the
    1283. 

  1283.           above sentences have a sense of getting rid of something,
    1284. 

  1284.           as with the resultative complement</span> <span class=
    1285. 

  1285.           "hanzi" font-family:="">掉</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1286. 

  1286.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1287. 

  1287.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1288. 

  1288.           <p class="MsoFooter"><font size="3"><font size=
    1289. 

  1289.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1290. 

  1290.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1291. 

  1291.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1292. 

  1292.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1293. 

  1293.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1294. 

  1294.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1295. 

  1295.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">tā bă wăn
    1296. 

  1296.           xĭ le tā bă gōngkè zuò
    1297. 

  1297.           le</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1298. 

  1298.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1299. 

  1299.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1300. 

  1300.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1301. 

  1301.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1302. 

  1302.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1303. 

  1303.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span class="hanzi"
    1304. 

  1304.           style="font-family: STKaiti">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1305. 

  1305.           style="font-family: STKaiti">把</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1306. 

  1306.           style="font-family: STKaiti">碗</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1307. 

  1307.           style="font-family: STKaiti">洗</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1308. 

  1308.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1309. 

  1309.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1310. 

  1310.           "EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    1311. 

  1311.           "font-family: STKaiti">她</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1312. 

  1312.           style="font-family: STKaiti">把</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1313. 

  1313.           style="font-family: STKaiti">功</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1314. 

  1314.           style="font-family: STKaiti">课</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1315. 

  1315.           style="font-family: STKaiti">作</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1316. 

  1316.           style="font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1317. 

  1317.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1318. 

  1318.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1319. 

  1319.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1320. 

  1320.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1321. 

  1321.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1322. 

  1322.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1323. 

  1323.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1324. 

  1324.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1325. 

  1325.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">HE BA
    1326. 

  1326.           BOWL WASH LE SHE BA HOMEWORK DO
    1327. 

  1327.           LE</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1328. 

  1328.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1329. 

  1329.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1330. 

  1330.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1331. 

  1331.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1332. 

  1332.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1333. 

  1333.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1334. 

  1334.           style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    1335. 

  1335.           xml:lang="EN-US">He has done the washing up. She has done
    1336. 

  1336.           her
    1337. 

  1337.           homework.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1338. 

  1338.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1339. 

  1339.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1340. 

  1340.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1341. 

  1341.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1342. 

  1342.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1343. 

  1343.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1344. 

  1344.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">Both the
    1345. 

  1345.           above sentences have a sense of completion, as with the
    1346. 

  1346.           resultative complement</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1347. 

  1347.           font-family:="">完</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1348. 

  1348.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1349. 

  1349.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1350. 

  1350.           <p align="center"><font size="3"><font size=
    1351. 

  1351.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1352. 

  1352.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1353. 

  1353.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1354. 

  1354.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1355. 

  1355.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><a name=
    1356. 

  1356.           "Exercises" id="Exercises"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1357. 

  1357.           "EN-US">Exercises</span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1358. 

  1358.           <p align="center"><font size="3"><font size=
    1359. 

  1359.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1360. 

  1360.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1361. 

  1361.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1362. 

  1362.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1363. 

  1363.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1364. 

  1364.           "3"><span style=
    1365. 

  1365.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Arial"><a style=
    1366. 

  1366.           "text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href=
    1367. 

  1367.           "LE2_feedback.html">You can submit your work online
    1368. 

  1368.           here</a></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1369. 

  1369.           <p align="center"><font size="3"><font size=
    1370. 

  1370.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1371. 

  1371.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1372. 

  1372.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1373. 

  1373.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1374. 

  1374.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1375. 

  1375.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><a target=
    1376. 

  1376.           "_blank" href="../Text/Section0134.htm" style=
    1377. 

  1377.           "text-decoration: none"><font size="2">Click here for
    1378. 

  1378.           answers</font></a></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1379. 

  1379.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1380. 

  1380.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1381. 

  1381.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1382. 

  1382.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1383. 

  1383.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1384. 

  1384.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1385. 

  1385.           "2"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1386. 

  1386.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1387. 

  1387.           "EN-US"><font size="3">Translate the following sentences
    1388. 

  1388.           into
    1389. 

  1389.           Chinese.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1390. 

  1390.           <p><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1391. 

  1391.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1392. 

  1392.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1393. 

  1393.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1394. 

  1394.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1395. 

  1395.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1396. 

  1396.           "2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1397. 

  1397.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1398. 

  1398.           xml:lang="EN-US">1.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1399. 

  1399.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">Mr. Wang
    1400. 

  1400.           does Chinese paintings extremely
    1401. 

  1401.           well.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1402. 

  1402.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1403. 

  1403.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1404. 

  1404.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1405. 

  1405.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1406. 

  1406.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1407. 

  1407.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1408. 

  1408.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"
    1409. 

  1409.           style=
    1410. 

  1410.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1411. 

  1411.           xml:lang="EN-US">2.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1412. 

  1412.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">It's too
    1413. 

  1413.           difficult to learn Chinese. The most difficult thing is
    1414. 

  1414.           to remember it
    1415. 

  1415.           all.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1416. 

  1416.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1417. 

  1417.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1418. 

  1418.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1419. 

  1419.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1420. 

  1420.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1421. 

  1421.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1422. 

  1422.           "3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1423. 

  1423.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1424. 

  1424.           xml:lang="EN-US">3.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1425. 

  1425.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">The food
    1426. 

  1426.           she cooked yesterday was good, but she made too
    1427. 

  1427.           much.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1428. 

  1428.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1429. 

  1429.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1430. 

  1430.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1431. 

  1431.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1432. 

  1432.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1433. 

  1433.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1434. 

  1434.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1435. 

  1435.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1436. 

  1436.           xml:lang="EN-US">4.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1437. 

  1437.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">It's too
    1438. 

  1438.           late today. Shall we do it
    1439. 

  1439.           tomorrow?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1440. 

  1440.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1441. 

  1441.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1442. 

  1442.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1443. 

  1443.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1444. 

  1444.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1445. 

  1445.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1446. 

  1446.           style=
    1447. 

  1447.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1448. 

  1448.           xml:lang="EN-US">5.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1449. 

  1449.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">The book
    1450. 

  1450.           she bought yesterday was not too expensive, but the one I
    1451. 

  1451.           bought today was much too
    1452. 

  1452.           much.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1453. 

  1453.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1454. 

  1454.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1455. 

  1455.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1456. 

  1456.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1457. 

  1457.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1458. 

  1458.           "3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1459. 

  1459.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1460. 

  1460.           xml:lang="EN-US">6.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1461. 

  1461.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">It's
    1462. 

  1462.           almost news time. Shall we watch the news in a
    1463. 

  1463.           minute?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1464. 

  1464.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1465. 

  1465.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1466. 

  1466.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1467. 

  1467.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1468. 

  1468.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1469. 

  1469.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1470. 

  1470.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1471. 

  1471.           xml:lang="EN-US">7.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1472. 

  1472.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">We are
    1473. 

  1473.           almost in Beijing. Now you can see the Great Wall of
    1474. 

  1474.           China in the
    1475. 

  1475.           distance.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1476. 

  1476.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1477. 

  1477.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1478. 

  1478.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1479. 

  1479.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1480. 

  1480.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1481. 

  1481.           style=
    1482. 

  1482.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1483. 

  1483.           xml:lang="EN-US">8.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1484. 

  1484.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">A: This
    1485. 

  1485.           term will soon be over. Where are you going in the
    1486. 

  1486.           holidays?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1487. 

  1487.           <p style="text-indent:21.25pt"><font size="3"><font size=
    1488. 

  1488.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1489. 

  1489.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1490. 

  1490.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1491. 

  1491.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1492. 

  1492.           xml:lang="EN-US">B: What holiday? I don’t have holidays.
    1493. 

  1493.           I always
    1494. 

  1494.           work.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1495. 

  1495.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1496. 

  1496.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1497. 

  1497.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1498. 

  1498.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1499. 

  1499.           "3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1500. 

  1500.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1501. 

  1501.           xml:lang="EN-US">9.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1502. 

  1502.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">A: The
    1503. 

  1503.           exam results are coming out soon. Then we'll see who is
    1504. 

  1504.           the best
    1505. 

  1505.           student.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1506. 

  1506.           <p style="margin-left:21.25pt"><font size="3"><font size=
    1507. 

  1507.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1508. 

  1508.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1509. 

  1509.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1510. 

  1510.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">B: Just
    1511. 

  1511.           because a student has achieved a good result doesn't
    1512. 

  1512.           necessarily mean that student is the best
    1513. 

  1513.           one.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1514. 

  1514.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1515. 

  1515.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1516. 

  1516.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1517. 

  1517.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1518. 

  1518.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1519. 

  1519.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1520. 

  1520.           xml:lang="EN-US">10.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1521. 

  1521.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">I have
    1522. 

  1522.           finished my exam. I don't have to read "Practical Chinese
    1523. 

  1523.           Reader" any
    1524. 

  1524.           more!</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1525. 

  1525.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1526. 

  1526.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1527. 

  1527.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1528. 

  1528.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1529. 

  1529.           style=
    1530. 

  1530.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1531. 

  1531.           xml:lang="EN-US">11.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1532. 

  1532.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">It's
    1533. 

  1533.           already 10:30. I’ll be late for my
    1534. 

  1534.           lesson.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1535. 

  1535.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1536. 

  1536.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1537. 

  1537.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1538. 

  1538.           "3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1539. 

  1539.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1540. 

  1540.           xml:lang="EN-US">12.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1541. 

  1541.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">Mr. Li
    1542. 

  1542.           is getting old, and can't see properly. Can you help
    1543. 

  1543.           him?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1544. 

  1544.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1545. 

  1545.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1546. 

  1546.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1547. 

  1547.           "3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1548. 

  1548.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1549. 

  1549.           xml:lang="EN-US">13.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1550. 

  1550.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">I have
    1551. 

  1551.           to fetch a friend from the airport. Can you tell Mr. Wang
    1552. 

  1552.           that I will not be able to attend his
    1553. 

  1553.           lesson?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1554. 

  1554.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1555. 

  1555.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1556. 

  1556.           "3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"
    1557. 

  1557.           style=
    1558. 

  1558.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1559. 

  1559.           xml:lang="EN-US">14.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1560. 

  1560.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">I have
    1561. 

  1561.           already told him that I don't like his food. How many
    1562. 

  1562.           more times should I tell
    1563. 

  1563.           him?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1564. 

  1564.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1565. 

  1565.           <font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size=
    1566. 

  1566.           "3"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1567. 

  1567.           "font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"
    1568. 

  1568.           xml:lang="EN-US">15.</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1569. 

  1569.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">Last
    1570. 

  1570.           night I did a great many grammar exercises. I'm not going
    1571. 

  1571.           to do any more
    1572. 

  1572.           tonight.</span></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1573. 

  1573.         </td>
    1574. 

  1574.       </tr>
    1575. 

  1575.     </tbody>
    1576. 

  1576.   </table>
    1577. 

  1577. </body>
    1578. 

  1578. </html>
    1579.