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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    2. 

  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
    3. 

  3. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub=
    4. 

  4. "http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
    5. 

  5. <head>
    6. 

  6.   <meta name="generator" content=
    7. 

  7.   "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" />
    8. 

  8.   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
    9. 

  9.   "text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    10. 

  10.   <title>Grammar database</title>
    11. 

  11.   <link rel="stylesheet" href="../Styles/main.css" />
    12. 

  12. </head>
    13. 

  13. <body>
    14. 

  14.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span><a name="TellingTime" id=
    15. 

  15.   "TellingTime">Telling the time</a> (20)</span></span></p>
    16. 

  16.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    17. 

  17.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    18. 

  18.   You might remember that when giving the date in Chinese you start
    19. 

  19.   from the year, then go to the month and then the day. This
    20. 

  20.   background-to-foreground logic also applies to time-telling,
    21. 

  21.   where you start from</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    22. 

  22.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    23. 

  23.   点</span> <span class="english" style=
    24. 

  24.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">diăn</span>
    25. 

  25.   <span class="english" style=
    26. 

  26.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    27. 

  27.   o’clock</span> <span class="english" style=
    28. 

  28.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    29. 

  29.   , then go to</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    30. 

  30.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    31. 

  31.   分</span> <span class="english" style=
    32. 

  32.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">fēn</span>
    33. 

  33.   <span class="english" style=
    34. 

  34.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    35. 

  35.   minute, then to</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    36. 

  36.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    37. 

  37.   秒</span> <span class="english" style=
    38. 

  38.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">miăo</span>
    39. 

  39.   <span class="english" style=
    40. 

  40.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    41. 

  41.   second. The other two words that are commonly used for telling
    42. 

  42.   the time are</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    43. 

  43.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    44. 

  44.   半</span> <span class="english" style=
    45. 

  45.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">bàn</span>
    46. 

  46.   <span class="english" style=
    47. 

  47.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    48. 

  48.   half and</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    49. 

  49.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    50. 

  50.   刻</span> <span class="english" style=
    51. 

  51.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">kè</span>
    52. 

  52.   <span class="english" style=
    53. 

  53.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    54. 

  54.   quarter, as in</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    55. 

  55.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">十一
    56. 

  56.   <span>点半</span></span> <span class="english" style=
    57. 

  57.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">shí yī <span>diăn
    58. 

  58.   bàn</span></span></span> <span class="Heading3Char"><span class=
    59. 

  59.   "english" style=
    60. 

  60.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    61. 

  61.   half past eleven</span></span> <span class="Heading3Char">
    62. 

  62.   <span class="english" style=
    63. 

  63.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    64. 

  64.   (lit.</span></span> <span class="Heading3Char"><span class=
    65. 

  65.   "english" style=
    66. 

  66.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    67. 

  67.   eleven o’clock</span></span> <span class=
    68. 

  68.   "Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    69. 

  69.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    70. 

  70.   half</span> <span class="english" style=
    71. 

  71.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    72. 

  72.   );</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    73. 

  73.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">十一
    74. 

  74.   <span>点</span>一 <span>刻</span></span> <span class="english"
    75. 

  75.   style="line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">shí yī
    76. 

  76.   <span>diăn</span> yí <span>kè</span></span> <span class="english"
    77. 

  77.   style=
    78. 

  78.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    79. 

  79.   quarter past eleven</span> <span class="english" style=
    80. 

  80.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    81. 

  81.   (lit.</span></span> <span class="Heading3Char"><span class=
    82. 

  82.   "english" style=
    83. 

  83.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    84. 

  84.   eleven o’clock</span></span> <span class=
    85. 

  85.   "Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    86. 

  86.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    87. 

  87.   a quarter</span> <span class="english" style=
    88. 

  88.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    89. 

  89.   ). The word</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    90. 

  90.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">刻</span>
    91. 

  91.   <span class="english" style=
    92. 

  92.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">kè</span> <span class=
    93. 

  93.   "english" style=
    94. 

  94.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    95. 

  95.   quarter is only used for time, not for other objects. In
    96. 

  96.   colloquial Chinese, for 12 hour clock time reading you use the
    97. 

  97.   words</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    98. 

  98.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    99. 

  99.   上午</span> <span class="english" style=
    100. 

  100.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">shàngwŭ</span>
    101. 

  101.   <span class="english" style=
    102. 

  102.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    103. 

  103.   a.m. (lit. up</span> <span class="english" style=
    104. 

  104.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    105. 

  105.   noon</span> <span class="english" style=
    106. 

  106.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    107. 

  107.   ) and</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    108. 

  108.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    109. 

  109.   下午</span> <span class="english" style=
    110. 

  110.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">xiàwŭ</span>
    111. 

  111.   <span class="english" style=
    112. 

  112.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    113. 

  113.   p.m. (lit. down noon):</span></span></p>
    114. 

  114.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
    115. 

  115.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    116. 

  116.   上</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    117. 

  117.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
    118. 

  118.   午</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    119. 

  119.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">十一</span>
    120. 

  120.   <span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    121. 

  121.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">点</span></span>
    122. 

  122.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    123. 

  123.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">一
    124. 

  124.   <span>刻</span></span> </span></p>
    125. 

  125.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    126. 

  126.   "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">shàngwŭ</span>
    127. 

  127.   <span class="english" style=
    128. 

  128.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">shí yī <span>diăn</span>
    129. 

  129.   yí <span>kè</span></span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
    130. 

  130.   "Sound/shangwu%2011.15.wav"><img src=
    131. 

  131.   "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    132. 

  132.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    133. 

  133.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    134. 

  134.   Quarter past eleven in the morning</span> <span class="english"
    135. 

  135.   style=
    136. 

  136.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    137. 

  137.   (lit. up</span> <span class="english" style=
    138. 

  138.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    139. 

  139.   noon</span> <span class="english" style=
    140. 

  140.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    141. 

  141.   ,</span></span> <span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
    142. 

  142.   style=
    143. 

  143.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    144. 

  144.   11 o’clock</span></span> <span class="Heading3Char"><span class=
    145. 

  145.   "english" style=
    146. 

  146.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    147. 

  147.   , a quarter)</span></span></p>
    148. 

  148.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    149. 

  149.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    150. 

  150.   Another irregular feature which should be mentioned here is that
    151. 

  151.   two o’clock in Chinese can be either</span> <span class="hanzi"
    152. 

  152.   style=
    153. 

  153.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">二
    154. 

  154.   <span>点</span></span> <span class="english" style=
    155. 

  155.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">èr
    156. 

  156.   <span>diăn</span></span> <span class="english" style=
    157. 

  157.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    158. 

  158.   or</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    159. 

  159.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">两
    160. 

  160.   <span>点</span></span> <span class="english" style=
    161. 

  161.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">liáng
    162. 

  162.   <span>diăn</span></span> <span class="english" style=
    163. 

  163.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    164. 

  164.   , although elsewhere it is normally</span> <span class="hanzi"
    165. 

  165.   style=
    166. 

  166.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">两</span>
    167. 

  167.   <span class="english" style=
    168. 

  168.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">liăng</span>
    169. 

  169.   <span class="english" style=
    170. 

  170.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    171. 

  171.   two that is used for describing quantities.</span></span></p>
    172. 

  172.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    173. 

  173.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    174. 

  174.   When asking or telling the time,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    175. 

  175.   style="line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">
    176. 

  176.   是</span> <span class="english" style=
    177. 

  177.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">shì</span> <span class=
    178. 

  178.   "english" style=
    179. 

  179.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    180. 

  180.   to be is</span> <span class="english" style=
    181. 

  181.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman">not</span>
    182. 

  182.   <span class="english" style=
    183. 

  183.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    184. 

  184.   needed:</span></span></p>
    185. 

  185.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
    186. 

  186.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">现</span>
    187. 

  187.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    188. 

  188.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">在</span>
    189. 

  189.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    190. 

  190.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">几
    191. 

  191.   <span>点</span></span> <span class="english" style=
    192. 

  192.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">?</span></span></p>
    193. 

  193.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    194. 

  194.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">xiànzài jĭ
    195. 

  195.   <span>diăn</span></span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
    196. 

  196.   "Sound/xianzai%20ji%20dian.wav"><img src=
    197. 

  197.   "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    198. 

  198.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    199. 

  199.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    200. 

  200.   What time is it</span> <span class="english" style=
    201. 

  201.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    202. 

  202.   ? (lit . now what time)</span></span></p>
    203. 

  203.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
    204. 

  204.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">现</span>
    205. 

  205.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    206. 

  206.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">在</span>
    207. 

  207.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    208. 

  208.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">五</span>
    209. 

  209.   <span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    210. 

  210.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">点</span></span>
    211. 

  211.   </span></p>
    212. 

  212.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    213. 

  213.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">xiànzài wŭ
    214. 

  214.   <span>diăn</span></span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
    215. 

  215.   "Sound/xianzai%205.00.wav"><img src=
    216. 

  216.   "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    217. 

  217.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    218. 

  218.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    219. 

  219.   It’s 5 o’clock</span> <span class="english" style=
    220. 

  220.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">.</span> <span class=
    221. 

  221.   "english" style=
    222. 

  222.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    223. 

  223.   (lit. now</span> <span class="english" style=
    224. 

  224.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    225. 

  225.   5 o’clock</span> <span class="english" style=
    226. 

  226.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    227. 

  227.   )</span></span></p>
    228. 

  228.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    229. 

  229.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    230. 

  230.   The <u><span style="color:blue">modal particle</span></u></span>
    231. 

  231.   <u><span class="hanzi" style=
    232. 

  232.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: blue; font-weight: normal">
    233. 

  233.   了</span> <span class="english" style=
    234. 

  234.   "line-height: 150%; color: blue; font-weight: normal">le</span></u>
    235. 

  235.   <span class="english" style=
    236. 

  236.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">,</span> <span class=
    237. 

  237.   "english" style=
    238. 

  238.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    239. 

  239.   which indicates a change of situation, can be placed at the end
    240. 

  240.   of a sentence when expressing present time, as
    241. 

  241.   in</span></span></p>
    242. 

  242.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
    243. 

  243.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">几点</span>
    244. 

  244.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    245. 

  245.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">了</span>
    246. 

  246.   <span class="english" style=
    247. 

  247.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">?</span></span></p>
    248. 

  248.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    249. 

  249.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">jĭ diăn le</span></span>
    250. 

  250.   <span class="english"><a href=
    251. 

  251.   "Sound/ji%20dian%20le.wav"><img src="../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    252. 

  252.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    253. 

  253.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    254. 

  254.   What time is it now</span> <span class="english" style=
    255. 

  255.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    256. 

  256.   ?</span></span></p>
    257. 

  257.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
    258. 

  258.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">五点</span>
    259. 

  259.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    260. 

  260.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">了</span></span></p>
    261. 

  261.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    262. 

  262.   "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">wŭdiăn le</span></span>
    263. 

  263.   <span class="english"><a href="Sound/5.00%20le.wav"><img src=
    264. 

  264.   "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    265. 

  265.   <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
    266. 

  266.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    267. 

  267.   It’s 5 o’clock now</span> <span class="english" style=
    268. 

  268.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
    269. 

  269.   .</span></span></p>
    270. 

  270.   <p><span class="english">If you have any questions about this
    271. 

  271.   explanation, please click here.</span></p>
    272. 

  272.   <p><span class="english"><a target="_blank" href=
    273. 

  273.   "Lessons%2014-16.htm#telling%20the%20time" style=
    274. 

  274.   "text-decoration: none">Assignments.</a></span></p>
    275. 

  275.   <p>Write down the following time in Chinese. (20, telling the
    276. 

  276.   time)</p>
    277. 

  277.   <p>11:15, 12:06, 6:55, 8:30, 5:42, 7:00, 9:45</p>
    278. 

  278. </body>
    279. 

  279. </html>
    280.