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  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span><a name="Modal verbs">Modal
  verbs</a> (19)</span></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  There are about a dozen modal verbs in Chinese. Modal verbs such
  as</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
  喜欢</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">xĭhuān</span>
  <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  like</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  ,</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
  想</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">xiăng</span>
  <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  wish</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  and</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
  应该</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">yīnggāi</span>
  <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  ought to</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  are used to express feelings, intentions and obligations. Modal
  verbs are placed before the main verbs in sentences. For
  instance,</span></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">我</span>
  <span> <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">想</span></span>
  <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">吃</span>
  <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">中</span>
  <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">国</span>
  <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">饭</span>
  </span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">wǒ <span>xiăng</span>
  chī Zhōngguó fàn</span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/wo%20xiang%20chi%20zhongguo%20fan.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  I fancy eating some Chinese food</span></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span style=
  "font-weight: 400">T</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  he word</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: red; font-weight: normal">
  想</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; color: red; font-weight: normal">xiăng</span>
  <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  fancy</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  , wish in is a modal verb which indicates the speaker’s
  inclination and intention.</span></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  When a modal verb is used in a sentence, the <u><span style=
  "color:blue">aspect particle</span></u></span> <u><span class=
  "hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; color: blue; font-weight: normal">
  了</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; color: blue; font-weight: normal">le</span></u>
  <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  for completed actions is</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman">not used</span>
  <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  . A time word (time when) is placed in the sentence to indicate
  that an action has taken place:</span></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">我</span>
  <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">以前</span>
  <span> <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">想</span></span>
  <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">去中</span>
  <span class="hanzi" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">国</span>
  </span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal">wǒ yĭqián
  <span>xiăng</span> qù Zhōngguó</span></span> <span class=
  "english"><a href=
  "Sound/wo%20yiqiang%20xiang%20qu%20zhongguo.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  I wanted go to</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  China in the past</span> <span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  .</span></span></p>
  <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english" style=
  "line-height: 150%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: normal">
  The modal verbs in the following list are the most commonly
  used.</span></span></p>
  <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style=
  "border-collapse: collapse">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">Chinese</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">Pinyin</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">English</span></span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">要</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">yào</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">want; ask for; wish;
          desire</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">想</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">xiăng</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">want to; would like to; feel
          like (something)</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">应该</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">yīnggāi</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">should; ought to;
          must</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">能</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">néng</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">can; be able to; be capable
          of</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">喜欢</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">xĭhuān</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">like; love; prefer; enjoy; be
          fond of</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">可以</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">kěiyĭ</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">can; may</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">会</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">huì</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">be good at; be skilful
          in</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">愿意</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">yuànyì</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">be willing to</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="79" valign="top" style=
        "width: 59.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal">肯</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="72" valign="top" style=
        "width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="Heading3Char"><span class="english"
          style="font-weight: normal">kěn</span></span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="439" valign="top" style=
        "width: 329.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">be willing to</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <p><span class="english">If you have any questions about the
  above explanation, please click here to ask.</span></p>
  <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700"><a style=
  "text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href=
  "Lessons%2014-16.htm#modal%20verb">Assignments.</a></span></p>
  <p>Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20 modal
  verbs)</p>
  <p>I want to go to China and she wants to go to Japan.</p>
  <p>I would like to learn Chinese.</p>
  <p>She should learn Japanese.</p>
  <p>What language would you like to learn?</p>
  <p>I fancy some French food.</p>
  <p>I would like to visit my friend.</p>
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