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<body>
  <p><span class="english" style=
  "font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: Arial">Aspects</span></p>
  <h3 style="line-height:150%"><span style=
  "font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%"><a name=
  "Progressive aspects">Progressive aspects</a> (23)</span></h3>
  <h3><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Use of the</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">正在</span> <span style="font-size:14.0pt">…</span>
  <span class="hanzi">呢</span> <span style=
  "font-size:14.0pt">sentence pattern</span></h3>
  <p><span class="english">The subject (S)</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">正在</span> <span class="english">verb (V) object (O)
  sentence pattern is used to describe a progressive action in the
  past, at the present, or in the future. The verbs that are used
  in this construction are transitive verbs. For
  instance,</span></p>
  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td width="223" valign="top" style=
        "width: 167.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">Time clause</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="180" valign="top" style=
        "width: 135.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">S V O</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <p><span class="hanzi">昨</span> <span class="hanzi">天</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">去</span>
  <span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">家</span>
  <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class="hanzi">时候</span>
  <span class="hanzi">他 <span>正</span></span> <span class=
  "hanzi">在</span> <span class="hanzi">做</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">晚</span> <span class="hanzi">饭</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">zuótiān wǒ qù tā jiā de shíhou tā
  <span>zhèngzài</span> zuò wănfàn</span> <span class=
  "english"><a href=
  "Sound/zuotian%20wo%20qu%20ta%20jiande%20shihou.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">When I went to his house yesterday, he
  <span>was cooking the supper</span></span> <span class=
  "english">.</span></p>
  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td width="223" valign="top" style=
        "width: 167.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">Time clause</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="180" valign="top" style=
        "width: 135.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">S V O</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <p><span class="hanzi">昨</span> <span class="hanzi">天</span>
  <span class="hanzi">他来</span> <span class="hanzi">看</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>
  <span class="hanzi">时候</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>
  <span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="hanzi">学</span>
  <span class="hanzi">习</span> <span class="hanzi">汉</span>
  <span class="hanzi">字</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">zuótiān tā lái kàn wǒ de shíhou wǒ
  <span>zài</span> xuéxí Hànzì</span> <span class=
  "english"><a href="Sound/zuotian%20ta%20lai%20kan%20wo%20de%20shishou.wav">
  <img src="../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">When he came to see me yesterday, I
  <span>was learning Chinese characters</span></span> <span class=
  "english">.</span></p>
  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td width="187" valign="top" style=
        "width: 140.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">S V O</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <p><span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">正</span>
  <span class="hanzi">看</span> <span class="hanzi">电</span>
  <span class="hanzi">视</span> <span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">tā <span>zhèng</span> kàn diànshì
  <span>ne</span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/ta%20zheng%20kan%20dianshi%20ne.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">He <span>is</span> right in the middle
  <span>of watching the TV</span></span> <span class=
  "english">.</span></p>
  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td width="67" valign="top" style=
        "width: 50.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">Time</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="144" valign="top" style=
        "width: 108.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">S V O</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <p><span class="hanzi">现在</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>
  <span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="hanzi">上</span>
  <span class="hanzi">课</span> <span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">xiànzài wǒ <span>zài</span> shàng kè
  <span>ne</span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/xianzai%20wo%20zheng%20shang%20ke%20ne.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">I am having a lesson now</span>
  <span class="english">.</span></p>
  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td width="271" valign="top" style=
        "width: 203.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">Time clause</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="132" valign="top" style=
        "width: 99.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">S V O</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <p><span class="hanzi">明</span> <span class="hanzi">天</span>
  <span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">到</span>
  <span class="hanzi">中</span> <span class="hanzi">国</span>
  <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class="hanzi">时</span>
  <span class="hanzi">候，我</span> <span class="hanzi">在</span>
  <span class="hanzi">开</span> <span class="hanzi">会</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">míngtiān tā dào zhōngguó de shíhou, wǒ
  <span>zài</span> kāihuì</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/mingtian%20ta%20dao%20zhongguo%20de%20shihou.wav"><img src="../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" />
  </a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">When he arrives in China tomorrow, I
  <span>will be having a meeting</span></span> <span class=
  "english">.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">“ He was cooking the supper”, “ I was
  learning Chinese characters”, “ He is watching the TV ”, “ I am
  having a lesson” and “ I will be having a meeting” are all
  progressive actions.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">Some of the elements for the progressive
  constructions have special emphasis if they are used selectively.
  For instance,</span> <span class="hanzi">正</span> <span class=
  "english">zhèng</span> <span class="english">can</span> precede
  <span class="english">a verb with</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">呢</span> <span class="english">ne</span> <span class=
  "english">at the end of the sentence, without using the
  element</span> <span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class=
  "english">zài</span> <span class="english">to create an emphatic
  tone of “ right in the middle of”. (See the highlighted sentence
  below.)</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">All the following sentences mean he is
  watching the TV with different tones of emphasis.</span></p>
  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">S</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">正</span> <span class=
          "hanzi">在</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">V</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="english">O</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">他</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">正</span> <span class=
          "hanzi">在</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">看</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">电</span> <span class=
          "hanzi">视</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">他</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">正</span> <span class=
          "hanzi">在</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">看</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">电</span> <span class=
          "hanzi">视</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">他</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">在</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">看</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">电</span> <span class=
          "hanzi">视</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">他</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">看</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">电</span> <span class=
          "hanzi">视</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; background: yellow">他</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; color: red; background: yellow">正</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; background: yellow">看</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.55pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; background: yellow">电</span>
          <span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; background: yellow">视</span></p>
        </td>
        <td width="118" valign="top" style=
        "width: 88.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
          <p><span class="hanzi" style=
          "font-family: SimSun; color: red; background: yellow">呢</span></p>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <p><span class="english">If you have any questions about the
  above explanation, please click here to ask.</span></p>
  <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700"><a style=
  "text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href=
  "Lessons%2014-16.htm#progressive%20aspects">Assignments</a>.</span></p>
  <p><span style=
  "font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700"><br /></span></p>
  <p>Translate the following sentences into Chinese (23,
  progressive aspects)</p>
  <p>Where is Ding Yun?</p>
  <p>She is working in the bookshop at moment.</p>
  <p>No, she is teaching Gubo Chinese in her dormitory.</p>
  <p>What are you doing?</p>
  <p>I am putting on my shirt.</p>
  <p>I am using the dictionary that you bought me yesterday.</p>
  <p>What are you looking at?</p>
  <p>I am looking at the map of China.</p>
  <p>What are you drinking?</p>
  <p>I am drinking the Chinese tea that Mr Wang gave me this
  morning.</p>
  <p>He is buying a Chinese car for his girlfriend.</p>
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