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  <h3 style="line-height:150%"><a name=
  "The use of the particle 着"><span style=
  "font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%">The use of the
  particle</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
  "font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun">着</span></a>
  <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%">(36)</span></h3>
  <p><span class="english">Many grammar books describe the use of
  verb (V)+</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class=
  "english">zhe</span> <span class="english">as the continuous
  aspect, but I have divided the usages into the following five
  categories.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">1. V+</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">着</span> <span class="english">zhe</span> <span class=
  "english">can be used to describe how an object has been left in
  a place in a certain position. For instance,</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">书</span> <span class="hanzi">在</span>
  <span class="hanzi">桌</span> <span class="hanzi">子</span>
  <span class="hanzi">上</span> <span class="hanzi">放</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">shū zài zhuōzi shàng
  <span>fàngzhe</span>.</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/shu%20zai%20zhuozi%20shang.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">The book is on the table.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">This implies that the book has
  been</span> <span class="hanzi">放</span> <span class=
  "english">fàng</span> <span class="english">put on</span>
  <span class="english">the table by someone.</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">门</span> <span class="hanzi">开</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">mén <span>kāizhe</span></span>
  <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/men%20kai%20zhe.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">The door is open</span> <span class=
  "english">.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">This implies that the door has been
  left</span> <span class="hanzi">开</span> <span class=
  "english">kāi</span> <span class="english">open</span>
  <span class="english">by someone.</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="hanzi">墙</span>
  <span class="hanzi">上</span> <span class="hanzi">挂</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class="hanzi">一</span>
  <span class="hanzi">张</span> <span class="hanzi">画</span></p>
  <p><span>zàiqiángshàng <span>guàzhe</span> yì zhāng huà</span>
  <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/zai%20qiang%20shang%20gua%20zhe%20yi%20zhang%20hua.wav"><img src="../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" />
  </a></span></p>
  <p>There is a picture hanging on the wall.</p>
  <p>This sentence implies that a picture has been <span class=
  "hanzi">挂</span> <span style=
  "font-family: Arial; color: red">guà</span> hung on the wall by
  someone.</p>
  <p><span class="english">2. However, if an action is carried out
  by the subject of a sentence, the V +</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">着</span> <span class="english">zhe</span> <span class=
  "english">pattern implies that an action is in progress. For
  instance, if you see a friend of yours standing there, you might
  say:</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">别</span> <span class="hanzi">站</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class="hanzi">。快</span>
  <span class="hanzi">坐</span> <span class="hanzi">下</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">bié <span>zhànzhe</span>. kuài
  zuòxia</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/bie%20zhan%20zhe%20kuai%20zuo%20xia.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">Don’t stand there. Quickly sit
  down!</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">You might describe a group a students
  sitting in a classroom in the following way:</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">学</span> <span class="hanzi">生</span>
  <span class="hanzi">们</span> <span class="hanzi">都</span>
  <span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="hanzi">教</span>
  <span class="hanzi">室</span> <span class="hanzi">里
  <span>坐</span></span> <span class="hanzi">着</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">xuéshengmen dōu zài jiàoshì lĭ <span>zuò
  zhe</span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/tongxue%20men%20dou%20zai%20jiaoshi%20li.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">The students are sitting in the
  classroom.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">The meaning of this sentence is similar
  to the form of its progressive aspect</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">学</span> <span class="hanzi">生</span>
  <span class="hanzi">们</span> <span class="hanzi">都</span>
  <span class="hanzi">正</span> <span class="hanzi">在</span>
  <span class="hanzi">教</span> <span class="hanzi">室</span>
  <span class="hanzi">里坐</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span>
  <span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">xuéshēngmen dōu <span>zhèng</span> zài
  jiàoshì lĭ zuò zhe <span>ne</span></span> <span class=
  "english"><a href=
  "Sound/tongxue%20men%20dou%20zai%20jiaoshi%20li%20zuo%20zhe%20ne.wav">
  <img src="../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">As you might have noticed that there is
  no object after the verb</span> <span class="hanzi">坐</span>
  <span class="english">zuò</span> <span class="english">sit</span>
  <span class="english">, but instead the verb is followed by the
  particle</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class=
  "english">zhe</span> <span class="english">. Another difference
  between the above sentence and the sentence pattern of the
  progressive aspect is that the word</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">在</span> <span class="english">zài</span> <span class=
  "english">here is a co-verb which means to be in (classroom) and
  it is not part of the elements that are used in the progressive
  aspect.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">3. V +</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">着</span> <span class="english">zhe</span> <span class=
  "english">can also be used to describe how an action is carried
  out with another action. For instance,</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">小</span> <span class="hanzi">学</span>
  <span class="hanzi">生</span> <span class="hanzi">唱</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class="hanzi">歌</span>
  <span class="hanzi">去</span> <span class="hanzi">学</span>
  <span class="hanzi">校</span></p>
  <p><span>xiăoxuéshēng <span>chàngzhe</span> <span>kē</span> qù
  xuéxiào</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/xiaoxuesheng%20men%20chang%20zhe%20ge.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p>The primary school children go to school singing.</p>
  <p>The phrase <span class="hanzi">唱着歌</span> <span style=
  "font-family: Arial; color: red">chàngzhe kē</span> singing
  describes the way that the primary school children go to
  school.</p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">吸着</span>
  <span class="hanzi">烟</span> <span class="hanzi">看</span>
  <span class="hanzi">书</span></p>
  <p><span>tā <span>xīzhe yān</span> kàn shū</span> <span class=
  "english"><a href=
  "Sound/ta%20xi%20zhe%20yan%20kan%20shu.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p>He reads while he is smoking.</p>
  <p>The phrase while he is smoking <span class="english">describes
  the way that he reads.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">The stative verb</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">忙</span> <span class="english">máng</span> <span class=
  "english">can be followed by particle</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">着</span> <span class="english">zhe</span> <span class=
  "english">to describe other actions as demonstrated
  below.</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">忙</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class="hanzi">准</span>
  <span class="hanzi">备</span> <span class="hanzi">考</span>
  <span class="hanzi">试</span> <span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">tā <span>mángzhe</span> zhŭnbèi kăoshì
  ne</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/ta%20mang%20zhe%20zhunbei.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">He is busy <span>preparing</span> the
  exams.</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">忙</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class="hanzi">谈</span>
  <span class="hanzi">恋</span> <span class="hanzi">爱</span>
  <span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">tā <span>mángzhe</span> tán liàn ài
  ne</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/ta%20mang%20zhe%20tan%20lian%20ai.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">He is busy <span>being</span> in
  love.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">There are other verbs that can be used
  like</span> <span class="hanzi">忙</span> <span class=
  "english">máng</span> <span class="english">such as</span>
  <span class="hanzi">吵闹着</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">孩子们</span> <span class="hanzi">吵</span>
  <span class="english">(</span> <span class="hanzi">闹</span>
  <span class="english">)</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span>
  <span class="hanzi">要</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>
  <span class="hanzi">带</span> <span class="hanzi">他们</span>
  <span class="hanzi">去</span> <span class="hanzi">公</span>
  <span class="hanzi">园</span> <span class="hanzi">玩</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">háizimen <span>chăo</span>(
  <span>nào</span>) <span>zhe</span> yào wǒ dài tāmen qù
  gōngyuánwán</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/haizimenchao%20zhe%20yao%20wo.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">The children are nagging me to take them
  to the parks.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">4. The expression of V+</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着</span> <span class="english">zhe</span>
  <span class="english">has a</span> commanding tone. It is used to
  demand that a listener to carry out an action continuously. The
  only verbs that can be used in these expressions are some of the
  monosyllabic ones. For instance,</p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">等</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span>
  <span class="hanzi">站</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">děngzhe</span> <span class=
  "english"><a href="Sound/deng%20zhe.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span style=
  "font-family: Arial; color: red">zhànzhe</span> <span class=
  "english"><a href="Sound/zhan%20zhe.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">Wait!</span> <span class=
  "english">(Don’t go away.)</span> Stand up! (Don’t sit down.)</p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">记</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span>
  <span class="hanzi">坐</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span></p>
  <p><span style="font-family: Arial; color: red">jì zhe</span>
  <span class="english"><a href="Sound/ji%20zhe.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span style=
  "font-family: Arial; color: red">zuòzhe</span> <span class=
  "english"><a href="Sound/zuo%20zhe.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p>Remember! (Don’t forget.) Sit! (Don’t stand up or move
  about.)</p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">看</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span></p>
  <p><span style="font-family: Arial; color: red">kānzhe</span>
  <span class="english"><a href="Sound/kan%20zhe.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p>Watch it ! (Don’t lose your concentration)</p>
  <p><span class="english">5. A stative verb can precede</span>
  <span class="hanzi">着呢</span> <span class="english">zhene</span>
  <span class="english">to</span> <span class="english">describe
  excessiveness. The expression is placed at the end of a sentence.
  For instance,</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">中</span> <span class="hanzi">国</span>
  <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class="hanzi">夏</span>
  <span class="hanzi">天</span> <span class="hanzi">热着呢</span>
  <span class="hanzi">他的</span> <span class="hanzi">钱</span>
  <span class="hanzi">多</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span>
  <span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">zhōngguó de xiàtiān
  <span>rèzhene</span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/zhongguo%20de%20xiatian.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span class="english">tā de
  qián <span>duōzhene</span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/ta%20de%20qian%20duo%20zhe%20ne.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">The summer in China is extremely hot. He
  has got plenty of money.</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">每</span>
  <span class="hanzi">天</span> <span class="hanzi">都</span>
  <span class="hanzi">忙</span> <span class="hanzi">着</span>
  <span class="hanzi">呢</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">wǒ měi tiān dōu <span>máng zhe
  ne</span></span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/wo%20meitian%20dou%20mang%20zhe%20ne.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">I am busy everyday</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">If you have any questions about the
  above explanation, please click here to ask.</span></p>
  <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700"><a target=
  "_blank" href=
  "Lessons%2014-16.htm#Use%20of%20the%20particle%20%E7%9D%80"
  style="text-decoration: none">Assignments</a>.</span></p>
  <p><span style=
  "font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700"><br /></span></p>
  <p>Translate the following sentences into Chinese (The use of the
  particle 着 36)</p>
  <p>The students are sitting in the classroom.</p>
  <p>There are three books on the table. (Use 放 fàng to put)</p>
  <p>There is a map of China hanging (挂guà) in the reading
  room.</p>
  <p>We are walking to the library.</p>
  <p>The library door is open (开kāi).</p>
  <p>I'm busy cooking the meal for tonight.</p>
  <p>Don't smoke while you are reading!</p>
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