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Section0142.xhtml

Section0142.xhtml 98 KB
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  12.   <title>Le for completed actions</title>
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    65. 

  65. </head>
    66. 

  66. <body bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
    67. 

  67.   <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=
    68. 

  68.   "border-collapse: collapse; border-width: 0" bordercolor=
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    70. 

  70.     <tbody>
    71. 

  71.       <tr>
    72. 

  72.         <td width="100%" style=
    73. 

  73.         "border-style: none; border-width: medium">
    74. 

  74.           <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class=
    75. 

  75.           "hanzi" style=
    76. 

  76.           "font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: STKaiti">了</span>
    77. 

  77.           <span lang="EN-US" style=
    78. 

  78.           "font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight:700" xml:lang="EN-US">for
    79. 

  79.           completed actions</span></p>
    80. 

  80.           <p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>
    81. 

  81.           <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style=
    82. 

  82.           "font-weight: 700" lang="en-us" xml:lang=
    83. 

  83.           "en-us"><font face="Arial" style=
    84. 

  84.           "font-size: 14pt"><a href="#Exercises" style=
    85. 

  85.           "text-decoration: none">Exercises</a></font></span></p>
    86. 

  86.           <p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>
    87. 

  87.           <p><font face="Arial" style="font-size: 14pt"><span lang=
    88. 

  88.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    89. 

  89.           "EN-US">Other terminology</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    90. 

  90.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">:
    91. 

  91.           aspectual particle "</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    92. 

  92.           "font-family: STKaiti">了</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    93. 

  93.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    94. 

  94.           "EN-US">"</span></font></p>
    95. 

  95.           <p><font face="Arial" style="font-size: 14pt"><span lang=
    96. 

  96.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    97. 

  97.           "EN-US"><a name="1. When should I use it">1. When should
    98. 

  98.           I use it?</a></span></font></p>
    99. 

  99.           <p><font face="Arial" style="font-size: 14pt"><span lang=
    100. 

  100.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    101. 

  101.           "EN-US">When you want to express that an action is
    102. 

  102.           completed. Normally</span> <span class="hanzi"
    103. 

  103.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    104. 

  104.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">should be placed
    105. 

  105.           after main verbs or at the end of
    106. 

  106.           sentences.</span></font></p>
    107. 

  107.           <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=
    108. 

  108.           "border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111" width=
    109. 

  109.           "87%" id="AutoNumber2">
    110. 

  110.             <tbody>
    111. 

  111.               <tr>
    112. 

  112.                 <td width="14%">
    113. 

  113.                   <span lang="EN-US" style=
    114. 

  114.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    115. 

  115.                   "EN-US">tā</span>
    116. 

  116.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    117. 

  117.                   "">他</span></p>
    118. 

  118.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    119. 

  119.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">HE</span></p>
    120. 

  120.                 </td>
    121. 

  121.                 <td width="31%">
    122. 

  122.                   <span lang="EN-US" style=
    123. 

  123.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    124. 

  124.                   "EN-US">măi le</span>
    125. 

  125.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">买</span>
    126. 

  126.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span></p>
    127. 

  127.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    128. 

  128.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">BUYLE</span></p>
    129. 

  129.                 </td>
    130. 

  130.                 <td width="55%">
    131. 

  131.                   <span lang="EN-US" style=
    132. 

  132.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    133. 

  133.                   "EN-US">sān zhāng piào</span>
    134. 

  134.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">三</span>
    135. 

  135.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">张</span>
    136. 

  136.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">票</span></p>
    137. 

  137.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    138. 

  138.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">THREE ZHANG
    139. 

  139.                   TICKETS</span></p>
    140. 

  140.                 </td>
    141. 

  141.               </tr>
    142. 

  142.             </tbody>
    143. 

  143.           </table>
    144. 

  144.           <p><font face="Arial" style="font-size: 14pt"><span lang=
    145. 

  145.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    146. 

  146.           "EN-US">He has bought 3 tickets.</span></font></p>
    147. 

  147.           <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=
    148. 

  148.           "border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111" width=
    149. 

  149.           "87%" id="AutoNumber3">
    150. 

  150.             <tbody>
    151. 

  151.               <tr>
    152. 

  152.                 <td width="14%">
    153. 

  153.                   <span lang="EN-US" style=
    154. 

  154.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    155. 

  155.                   "EN-US">tā</span>
    156. 

  156.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    157. 

  157.                   "">她</span></p>
    158. 

  158.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    159. 

  159.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">SHE</span></p>
    160. 

  160.                 </td>
    161. 

  161.                 <td width="86%">
    162. 

  162.                   <span lang="EN-US" style=
    163. 

  163.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    164. 

  164.                   "EN-US">băjiŭ ná lái le</span>
    165. 

  165.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">把</span>
    166. 

  166.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">酒</span>
    167. 

  167.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">拿</span>
    168. 

  168.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">来</span>
    169. 

  169.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span></p>
    170. 

  170.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    171. 

  171.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">BA WINETAKE
    172. 

  172.                   (TOWARDS)LE</span></p>
    173. 

  173.                 </td>
    174. 

  174.               </tr>
    175. 

  175.             </tbody>
    176. 

  176.           </table>
    177. 

  177.           <p><font face="Arial" style=
    178. 

  178.           "font-size: 14pt"><span style="font-size: 11pt" lang=
    179. 

  179.           "en-us" xml:lang="en-us"><span style=
    180. 

  180.           "font-family: Times New Roman">S</span></span><span lang=
    181. 

  181.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    182. 

  182.           "EN-US">he has brought the wine.</span></font></p>
    183. 

  183.           <p><a name=
    184. 

  184.           "2. When should I place the 了 at the end of a sentence, and when should I place it after the main verb of a sentence">
    185. 

  185.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    186. 

  186.           xml:lang="EN-US">2. When should I place the</span>
    187. 

  187.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    188. 

  188.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    189. 

  189.           "EN-US">at the end of a sentence, and when should I place
    190. 

  190.           it after the main verb of a sentence?</span></a></p>
    191. 

  191.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    192. 

  192.           xml:lang="EN-US">1. If the object of a sentence is a
    193. 

  193.           simple one i.e. a noun, which is not attached to a
    194. 

  194.           number</span></p>
    195. 

  195.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    196. 

  196.           xml:lang="EN-US">and measure word, and not attached to a
    197. 

  197.           descriptive clause (</span><span class="hanzi"
    198. 

  198.           font-family:="">的</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    199. 

  199.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">clause),</span>
    200. 

  200.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    201. 

  201.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    202. 

  202.           "EN-US">can be placed at the end of the sentence. In this
    203. 

  203.           case the particle</span> <span class="hanzi"
    204. 

  204.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    205. 

  205.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">has many functions:
    206. 

  206.           it may indicate the completed action, or a change of
    207. 

  207.           situation, it may also indicate an imminent
    208. 

  208.           action.</span></p>
    209. 

  209.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    210. 

  210.           "font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: 700"
    211. 

  211.           xml:lang="EN-US">s. v. o. le</span></p>
    212. 

  212.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    213. 

  213.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">wŏmen chī
    214. 

  214.           fàn le</span></p>
    215. 

  215.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我</span>
    216. 

  216.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">们</span> <span class=
    217. 

  217.           "hanzi" font-family:="">吃</span> <span class="hanzi"
    218. 

  218.           font-family:="">饭</span> <span class="hanzi"
    219. 

  219.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    220. 

  220.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    221. 

  221.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    222. 

  222.           xml:lang="EN-US">WEEAT MEAL LE</span></p>
    223. 

  223.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    224. 

  224.           xml:lang="EN-US">We have eaten.. [Completed
    225. 

  225.           action]</span></p>
    226. 

  226.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    227. 

  227.           xml:lang="EN-US">Now we are eating.</span> <span lang=
    228. 

  228.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    229. 

  229.           "EN-US">(We didn't eat before.) [Change of
    230. 

  230.           situation]</span></p>
    231. 

  231.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    232. 

  232.           xml:lang="EN-US">We are about to eat.</span> <span lang=
    233. 

  233.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    234. 

  234.           "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    235. 

  235.           "">我</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">们</span>
    236. 

  236.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">要</span> <span class=
    237. 

  237.           "hanzi" font-family:="">吃</span> <span class="hanzi"
    238. 

  238.           font-family:="">饭</span> <span class="hanzi"
    239. 

  239.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    240. 

  240.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">.)</span></p>
    241. 

  241.           <p><a name=
    242. 

  242.           "3. Is it incorrect if I place 了 after the verb in a simple-object sentence">
    243. 

  243.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    244. 

  244.           xml:lang="EN-US">3. Is it incorrect if I place</span>
    245. 

  245.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    246. 

  246.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    247. 

  247.           "EN-US">after the verb in a simple-object
    248. 

  248.           sentence?</span></a></p>
    249. 

  249.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    250. 

  250.           xml:lang="EN-US">No, it is not incorrect, but it seems as
    251. 

  251.           if the sentence is not yet finished. It may look like the
    252. 

  252.           first clause of the <u>verb</u></span><u><span class=
    253. 

  253.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    254. 

  254.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    255. 

  255.           "EN-US">...</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    256. 

  256.           "">就</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    257. 

  257.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">...</span></u><span lang="EN-US"
    258. 

  258.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    259. 

  259.           "EN-US">construction. For example (Also see pattern
    260. 

  260.           5.),</span></p>
    261. 

  261.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    262. 

  262.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">tāchī le
    263. 

  263.           fàn... (jiùqù kàndiànyĭng)</span></p>
    264. 

  264.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    265. 

  265.           "">他</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">吃</span>
    266. 

  266.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span class=
    267. 

  267.           "hanzi" font-family:="">饭</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    268. 

  268.           xml:lang="EN-US">... (</span><span class="hanzi"
    269. 

  269.           font-family:="">就</span> <span class="hanzi"
    270. 

  270.           font-family:="">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    271. 

  271.           font-family:="">看</span> <span class="hanzi"
    272. 

  272.           font-family:="">电</span> <span class="hanzi"
    273. 

  273.           font-family:="">影</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    274. 

  274.           "EN-US">.)</span></p>
    275. 

  275.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    276. 

  276.           xml:lang="EN-US">HEEAT LE MEAL... (JIU GO SEE
    277. 

  277.           FILM)</span></p>
    278. 

  278.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    279. 

  279.           xml:lang="EN-US">After he finishes the
    280. 

  280.           meal</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    281. 

  281.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">...(he'll go to see a
    282. 

  282.           film.)</span></p>
    283. 

  283.           <p><a name=
    284. 

  284.           "4. Can I place 了 at the end of a sentence that has a complex object">
    285. 

  285.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    286. 

  286.           xml:lang="EN-US">4. Can I place</span> <span class=
    287. 

  287.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    288. 

  288.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">at the
    289. 

  289.           end of a sentence that has a complex
    290. 

  290.           object?</span></a></p>
    291. 

  291.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    292. 

  292.           xml:lang="EN-US">No. If the object of a sentence is a
    293. 

  293.           complicated one, i.e. it is preceded by a number word and
    294. 

  294.           measure word, or a descriptive clause,</span>
    295. 

  295.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    296. 

  296.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    297. 

  297.           "EN-US">is placed after the main verb of the
    298. 

  298.           sentence.</span></p>
    299. 

  299.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    300. 

  300.           "font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: 700"
    301. 

  301.           xml:lang="EN-US">s. v. le num.mw. o.</span></p>
    302. 

  302.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    303. 

  303.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">tā chī le
    304. 

  304.           liăng wăn fàn</span></p>
    305. 

  305.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他</span>
    306. 

  306.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">吃</span> <span class=
    307. 

  307.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span class="hanzi"
    308. 

  308.           font-family:="">两</span> <span class="hanzi"
    309. 

  309.           font-family:="">碗</span> <span class="hanzi"
    310. 

  310.           font-family:="">饭</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    311. 

  311.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    312. 

  312.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    313. 

  313.           xml:lang="EN-US">HEEATLE TWO BOWLSRICE</span></p>
    314. 

  314.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    315. 

  315.           xml:lang="EN-US">He has eaten two bowls of
    316. 

  316.           rice.</span></p>
    317. 

  317.           <p><a name=
    318. 

  318.           "5. Where should I place 了 if a sentence has a time measure">
    319. 

  319.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    320. 

  320.           xml:lang="EN-US">5. Where should I place</span>
    321. 

  321.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    322. 

  322.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    323. 

  323.           "EN-US">if a sentence has a time measure?</span></a></p>
    324. 

  324.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    325. 

  325.           xml:lang="EN-US">If an action is attached to a time
    326. 

  326.           measure (e.g., duration , length of time) or an action
    327. 

  327.           measure (e.g., many times),</span> <span class="hanzi"
    328. 

  328.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    329. 

  329.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is placed after the
    330. 

  330.           main verb. The following three alternative patterns share
    331. 

  331.           the same feature, that is, they have</span> <span class=
    332. 

  332.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    333. 

  333.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">after
    334. 

  334.           the main verbs.</span></p>
    335. 

  335.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    336. 

  336.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">s. v. le
    337. 

  337.           tm.(am.)de o. (le)</span></p>
    338. 

  338.           <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0"
    339. 

  339.           cellpadding="0" style=
    340. 

  340.           "border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
    341. 

  341.             <tbody>
    342. 

  342.               <tr>
    343. 

  343.                 <td width="64" valign="top" style=
    344. 

  344.                 "width: 47.95pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    345. 

  345.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    346. 

  346.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    347. 

  347.                   "EN-US">tā</span></p>
    348. 

  348.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    349. 

  349.                   "">他</span></p>
    350. 

  350.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    351. 

  351.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">HE</span></p>
    352. 

  352.                 </td>
    353. 

  353.                 <td width="283" valign="top" style=
    354. 

  354.                 "width: 212.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    355. 

  355.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    356. 

  356.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    357. 

  357.                   "EN-US">xué le liăng niánde zhōngwén
    358. 

  358.                   (le)</span></p>
    359. 

  359.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">学</span>
    360. 

  360.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    361. 

  361.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">两</span>
    362. 

  362.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">年</span>
    363. 

  363.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">的</span>
    364. 

  364.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">中</span>
    365. 

  365.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">文</span>
    366. 

  366.                   <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    367. 

  367.                   "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    368. 

  368.                   "">了</span><a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"
    369. 

  369.                   title="" id="_ftnref1"><span class=
    370. 

  370.                   "MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"
    371. 

  371.                   xml:lang="EN-US">*</span></span></a><span lang=
    372. 

  372.                   "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
    373. 

  373.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    374. 

  374.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">STUDY LE TWO YEAR DE
    375. 

  375.                   CHINESE (LE)</span></p>
    376. 

  376.                 </td>
    377. 

  377.               </tr>
    378. 

  378.             </tbody>
    379. 

  379.           </table>
    380. 

  380.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    381. 

  381.           xml:lang="EN-US">He studied Chinese for 2
    382. 

  382.           years.</span></p>
    383. 

  383.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    384. 

  384.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">s. v. o.
    385. 

  385.           v. le tm.(am.) (le)</span></p>
    386. 

  386.           <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0"
    387. 

  387.           cellpadding="0" style=
    388. 

  388.           "border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
    389. 

  389.             <tbody>
    390. 

  390.               <tr>
    391. 

  391.                 <td width="158" valign="top" style=
    392. 

  392.                 "width: 118.8pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    393. 

  393.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    394. 

  394.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    395. 

  395.                   "EN-US">tā xué zhōngwén</span></p>
    396. 

  396.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他</span>
    397. 

  397.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">学</span>
    398. 

  398.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">中</span>
    399. 

  399.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">文</span></p>
    400. 

  400.                 </td>
    401. 

  401.                 <td width="189" valign="top" style=
    402. 

  402.                 "width: 5.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    403. 

  403.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    404. 

  404.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    405. 

  405.                   "EN-US">xué le liăng niăn (le)</span></p>
    406. 

  406.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">学</span>
    407. 

  407.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    408. 

  408.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">两</span>
    409. 

  409.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">年</span>
    410. 

  410.                   <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    411. 

  411.                   "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    412. 

  412.                   "">了</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    413. 

  413.                   "EN-US">)</span></p>
    414. 

  414.                 </td>
    415. 

  415.               </tr>
    416. 

  416.             </tbody>
    417. 

  417.           </table>
    418. 

  418.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    419. 

  419.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">o. s.v.
    420. 

  420.           le tm.(am.) (le)</span></p>
    421. 

  421.           <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0"
    422. 

  422.           cellpadding="0" style=
    423. 

  423.           "border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
    424. 

  424.             <tbody>
    425. 

  425.               <tr>
    426. 

  426.                 <td width="130" valign="top" style=
    427. 

  427.                 "width: 97.55pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    428. 

  428.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    429. 

  429.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    430. 

  430.                   "EN-US">zhōngwén tā</span></p>
    431. 

  431.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">中</span>
    432. 

  432.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">文</span>
    433. 

  433.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他</span></p>
    434. 

  434.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    435. 

  435.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    436. 

  436.                   "EN-US">nà ge diànyĭng wŏ</span></p>
    437. 

  437.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">那个</span>
    438. 

  438.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">电</span>
    439. 

  439.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">影</span>
    440. 

  440.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我</span></p>
    441. 

  441.                 </td>
    442. 

  442.                 <td width="217" valign="top" style=
    443. 

  443.                 "width: 163.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    444. 

  444.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    445. 

  445.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    446. 

  446.                   "EN-US">xuéle liăng niăn (le)</span></p>
    447. 

  447.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">学</span>
    448. 

  448.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    449. 

  449.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">两</span>
    450. 

  450.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">年</span>
    451. 

  451.                   <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    452. 

  452.                   "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    453. 

  453.                   "">了</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    454. 

  454.                   "EN-US">)</span></p>
    455. 

  455.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    456. 

  456.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    457. 

  457.                   "EN-US">kàn le liăng biàn (le)</span></p>
    458. 

  458.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">看</span>
    459. 

  459.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    460. 

  460.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">两</span>
    461. 

  461.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">遍</span>
    462. 

  462.                   <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    463. 

  463.                   "EN-US">(</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    464. 

  464.                   "">了</span><a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"
    465. 

  465.                   title="" id="_ftnref2"><span class=
    466. 

  466.                   "MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"
    467. 

  467.                   xml:lang="EN-US">**</span></span></a><span lang=
    468. 

  468.                   "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
    469. 

  469.                 </td>
    470. 

  470.               </tr>
    471. 

  471.             </tbody>
    472. 

  472.           </table>
    473. 

  473.           <p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    474. 

  474.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">I have
    475. 

  475.           watched that film twice.</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    476. 

  476.           "font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"
    477. 

  477.           xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style=
    478. 

  478.           "page-break-before:always" /></span></p>
    479. 

  479.           <p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    480. 

  480.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">nà shì wŭ
    481. 

  481.           nián qián de shì le wŏmenshì duō nián delăo péngyou
    482. 

  482.           le</span></p>
    483. 

  483.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    484. 

  484.           "">那</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">是五</span>
    485. 

  485.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">年</span> <span class=
    486. 

  486.           "hanzi" font-family:="">前</span> <span class="hanzi"
    487. 

  487.           font-family:="">的</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    488. 

  488.           "">事</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    489. 

  489.           "">了</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span>
    490. 

  490.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我们</span>
    491. 

  491.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">是</span><span class=
    492. 

  492.           "hanzi" font-family:="">多</span> <span class="hanzi"
    493. 

  493.           font-family:="">年</span> <span class="hanzi"
    494. 

  494.           font-family:="">的</span> <span class="hanzi"
    495. 

  495.           font-family:="">老</span> <span class="hanzi"
    496. 

  496.           font-family:="">朋</span> <span class="hanzi"
    497. 

  497.           font-family:="">友</span> <span class="hanzi"
    498. 

  498.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    499. 

  499.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    500. 

  500.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    501. 

  501.           xml:lang="EN-US">THAT IS FIVE YEAR AGO DE MATTER LE WE
    502. 

  502.           ARE MANY YEARS DE OLD FRIEND LE</span></p>
    503. 

  503.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    504. 

  504.           xml:lang="EN-US">That incident happened 5 years ago We
    505. 

  505.           have been old friend for many years.</span></p>
    506. 

  506.           <p><a name=
    507. 

  507.           "6. Is a time measure placed after 了 in a negative sentence">
    508. 

  508.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    509. 

  509.           xml:lang="EN-US">6. Is a time measure placed after</span>
    510. 

  510.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    511. 

  511.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    512. 

  512.           "EN-US">in a negative sentence?</span></a></p>
    513. 

  513.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    514. 

  514.           xml:lang="EN-US">No, negative sentences of this kind are
    515. 

  515.           normally in a different word order. The time-measure
    516. 

  516.           should be placed before the negation</span><span class=
    517. 

  517.           "hanzi" font-family:="">没</span><span lang="EN-US"
    518. 

  518.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. For
    519. 

  519.           instance, if you want to say: "I haven't eaten Chinese
    520. 

  520.           food for ages." It should be in the following word
    521. 

  521.           order:</span></p>
    522. 

  522.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    523. 

  523.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">s. tm.
    524. 

  524.           neg. v. o. le</span></p>
    525. 

  525.           <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0"
    526. 

  526.           cellpadding="0" style=
    527. 

  527.           "border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" width=
    528. 

  528.           "484">
    529. 

  529.             <tbody>
    530. 

  530.               <tr>
    531. 

  531.                 <td valign="top" style=
    532. 

  532.                 "width: 64; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    533. 

  533.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    534. 

  534.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    535. 

  535.                   "EN-US">wŏ</span></p>
    536. 

  536.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    537. 

  537.                   "">我</span></p>
    538. 

  538.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    539. 

  539.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">I</span></p>
    540. 

  540.                 </td>
    541. 

  541.                 <td valign="top" style=
    542. 

  542.                 "width: 118; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    543. 

  543.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    544. 

  544.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    545. 

  545.                   "EN-US">hăo jiŭ</span></p>
    546. 

  546.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">好</span>
    547. 

  547.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">久</span></p>
    548. 

  548.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    549. 

  549.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">LONG TIME</span></p>
    550. 

  550.                 </td>
    551. 

  551.                 <td valign="top" style=
    552. 

  552.                 "width: 61; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    553. 

  553.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    554. 

  554.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    555. 

  555.                   "EN-US">méi</span> <span class="hanzi"
    556. 

  556.                   font-family:="">没</span></p>
    557. 

  557.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    558. 

  558.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">NOT</span></p>
    559. 

  559.                 </td>
    560. 

  560.                 <td valign="top" style=
    561. 

  561.                 "width: 180; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    562. 

  562.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    563. 

  563.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    564. 

  564.                   "EN-US">chī zhōngguó cài le</span></p>
    565. 

  565.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">吃</span>
    566. 

  566.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">中</span>
    567. 

  567.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">国</span>
    568. 

  568.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    569. 

  569.                   "">菜</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    570. 

  570.                   "">了</span></p>
    571. 

  571.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    572. 

  572.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">EAT CHINESE FOOD
    573. 

  573.                   LE</span></p>
    574. 

  574.                 </td>
    575. 

  575.               </tr>
    576. 

  576.             </tbody>
    577. 

  577.           </table>
    578. 

  578.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    579. 

  579.           xml:lang="EN-US">I haven’t eaten Chinese food for a long
    580. 

  580.           time.</span></p>
    581. 

  581.           <p><a name=
    582. 

  582.           "7. Do I have to put the time-measures before 没 in all negative sentences">
    583. 

  583.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    584. 

  584.           xml:lang="EN-US">7. Do I have to put the time-measures
    585. 

  585.           before</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    586. 

  586.           "">没</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    587. 

  587.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">in all negative
    588. 

  588.           sentences?</span></a></p>
    589. 

  589.           <p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    590. 

  590.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">No. If
    591. 

  591.           you want to deny an affirmative statement which has a
    592. 

  592.           time-measure, then the time-measure should be placed
    593. 

  593.           after the main verb.</span></p>
    594. 

  594.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    595. 

  595.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">s. neg.
    596. 

  596.           v. tm. o.</span></p>
    597. 

  597.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    598. 

  598.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">wŏ méi
    599. 

  599.           xué sān nián zhōngwén, wŏ zhĭ xué le liăng
    600. 

  600.           nián</span></p>
    601. 

  601.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span class="hanzi"
    602. 

  602.           font-family:="">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    603. 

  603.           font-family:="">没</span> <span class="hanzi"
    604. 

  604.           font-family:="">学</span> <span class="hanzi"
    605. 

  605.           font-family:="">三</span> <span class="hanzi"
    606. 

  606.           font-family:="">年</span> <span class="hanzi"
    607. 

  607.           font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    608. 

  608.           font-family:="">文</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    609. 

  609.           "EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    610. 

  610.           "">我</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">只学</span>
    611. 

  611.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span class=
    612. 

  612.           "hanzi" font-family:="">两</span> <span class="hanzi"
    613. 

  613.           font-family:="">年</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    614. 

  614.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    615. 

  615.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"
    616. 

  616.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">I
    617. 

  617.           NOTLEARN3 YEAR CHINESE, I ONLY LEARN LE 2
    618. 

  618.           YEAR)</span></p>
    619. 

  619.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"
    620. 

  620.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">I didn't
    621. 

  621.           learn Chinese for 3 years, I only did for 2
    622. 

  622.           years.</span></p>
    623. 

  623.           <p class="MsoFooter"></p>
    624. 

  624.           <p><a name=
    625. 

  625.           "8. Do I have to put 了 after every verb in a sentence, if the sentence has a sequence of actions">
    626. 

  626.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    627. 

  627.           xml:lang="EN-US">8. Do I have to put</span> <span class=
    628. 

  628.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    629. 

  629.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">after
    630. 

  630.           every verb in a sentence, if the sentence has a sequence
    631. 

  631.           of actions?</span></a></p>
    632. 

  632.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    633. 

  633.           xml:lang="EN-US">If a sequence of actions in the sentence
    634. 

  634.           are completed,</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    635. 

  635.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    636. 

  636.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is usually placed after the last
    637. 

  637.           verb of the sentence.</span></p>
    638. 

  638.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    639. 

  639.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">s. v.1
    640. 

  640.           o.1 v.2 le (tm. ) o.2</span></p>
    641. 

  641.           <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0"
    642. 

  642.           cellpadding="0" style=
    643. 

  643.           "border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
    644. 

  644.             <tbody>
    645. 

  645.               <tr>
    646. 

  646.                 <td width="54" valign="top" style=
    647. 

  647.                 "width: 40.85pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    648. 

  648.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    649. 

  649.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    650. 

  650.                   "EN-US">tā</span></p>
    651. 

  651.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    652. 

  652.                   "">他</span></p>
    653. 

  653.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    654. 

  654.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">HE</span></p>
    655. 

  655.                 </td>
    656. 

  656.                 <td width="113" valign="top" style=
    657. 

  657.                 "width: 3.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    658. 

  658.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    659. 

  659.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    660. 

  660.                   "EN-US">qù zhōngguó</span> <span class="hanzi"
    661. 

  661.                   font-family:="">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    662. 

  662.                   font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    663. 

  663.                   font-family:="">国</span></p>
    664. 

  664.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    665. 

  665.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">GO CHINA</span></p>
    666. 

  666.                 </td>
    667. 

  667.                 <td width="227" valign="top" style=
    668. 

  668.                 "width: 6.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    669. 

  669.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    670. 

  670.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    671. 

  671.                   "EN-US">xué le sì nián jīngjù</span></p>
    672. 

  672.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">学</span>
    673. 

  673.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    674. 

  674.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">四</span>
    675. 

  675.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">年</span>
    676. 

  676.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">京</span>
    677. 

  677.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">剧</span></p>
    678. 

  678.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    679. 

  679.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">STUDYLE FOUR YEAR PEKING
    680. 

  680.                   OPERA</span></p>
    681. 

  681.                 </td>
    682. 

  682.               </tr>
    683. 

  683.             </tbody>
    684. 

  684.           </table>
    685. 

  685.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    686. 

  686.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">He went
    687. 

  687.           to China to study Peking opera for 4 years.</span></p>
    688. 

  688.           <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0"
    689. 

  689.           cellpadding="0" style=
    690. 

  690.           "border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
    691. 

  691.             <tbody>
    692. 

  692.               <tr style="height: 20.8pt">
    693. 

  693.                 <td width="54" valign="top" style=
    694. 

  694.                 "width: 40.85pt; height: 20.8pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    695. 

  695.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    696. 

  696.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    697. 

  697.                   "EN-US">tā</span></p>
    698. 

  698.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    699. 

  699.                   "">他</span></p>
    700. 

  700.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    701. 

  701.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">HE</span></p>
    702. 

  702.                 </td>
    703. 

  703.                 <td width="113" valign="top" style=
    704. 

  704.                 "width: 3.0cm; height: 20.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    705. 

  705.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    706. 

  706.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    707. 

  707.                   "EN-US">qù zhōngguó</span> <span class="hanzi"
    708. 

  708.                   font-family:="">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    709. 

  709.                   font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    710. 

  710.                   font-family:="">国</span></p>
    711. 

  711.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    712. 

  712.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">GO CHINA</span></p>
    713. 

  713.                 </td>
    714. 

  714.                 <td width="227" valign="top" style=
    715. 

  715.                 "width: 6.0cm; height: 20.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    716. 

  716.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    717. 

  717.                   "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    718. 

  718.                   "EN-US">măi le cí qì</span></p>
    719. 

  719.                   <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">买</span>
    720. 

  720.                   <span class="hanzi" font-family:=""><span style=
    721. 

  721.                   "background-color: #FFCCFF">了</span>瓷器</span></p>
    722. 

  722.                   <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    723. 

  723.                   new="" xml:lang="EN-US">BUY LE CHINA</span></p>
    724. 

  724.                 </td>
    725. 

  725.               </tr>
    726. 

  726.             </tbody>
    727. 

  727.           </table>
    728. 

  728.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    729. 

  729.           xml:lang="EN-US">He went to China and bought some
    730. 

  730.           China.</span></p>
    731. 

  731.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    732. 

  732.           xml:lang="EN-US">If you leave</span> <span class="hanzi"
    733. 

  733.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    734. 

  734.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">at the end of
    735. 

  735.           sentences, it normally indicates a change of the
    736. 

  736.           situation. Let's compare the following two
    737. 

  737.           sentences:</span></p>
    738. 

  738.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    739. 

  739.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">1.
    740. 

  740.           (Completed action) tā qù zhōngguó xué le
    741. 

  741.           zhōngwén</span></p>
    742. 

  742.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他去中</span>
    743. 

  743.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">国</span> <span class=
    744. 

  744.           "hanzi" font-family:="">学</span> <span class="hanzi"
    745. 

  745.           font-family:=""><span style=
    746. 

  746.           "background-color: #FFCCFF">了</span>中</span> <span class=
    747. 

  747.           "hanzi" font-family:="">文</span><span lang="EN-US"
    748. 

  748.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    749. 

  749.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    750. 

  750.           xml:lang="EN-US">HE GO CHINA STUDY LE CHINESE</span></p>
    751. 

  751.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    752. 

  752.           xml:lang="EN-US">He went to China and studied
    753. 

  753.           Chinese.</span></p>
    754. 

  754.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    755. 

  755.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">2.
    756. 

  756.           (Change of situation) tā qù zhōngguóxuézhōngwén</span>
    757. 

  757.           <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman"
    758. 

  758.           xml:lang="EN-US">le</span></p>
    759. 

  759.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他去中</span>
    760. 

  760.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">国</span> <span class=
    761. 

  761.           "hanzi" font-family:="">学</span> <span class="hanzi"
    762. 

  762.           font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    763. 

  763.           font-family:="">文</span> <span class="hanzi"
    764. 

  764.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    765. 

  765.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    766. 

  766.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    767. 

  767.           xml:lang="EN-US">HE GO CHINA STUDY CHINESELE</span></p>
    768. 

  768.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    769. 

  769.           xml:lang="EN-US">He has gone to China to study Chinese.
    770. 

  770.           (He's not here)</span></p>
    771. 

  771.           <p><a name=
    772. 

  772.           "9. Do I always have to place 了 after the last verb of a sentence when describing a sequence of actions">
    773. 

  773.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    774. 

  774.           xml:lang="EN-US">9. Do I always have to place</span>
    775. 

  775.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    776. 

  776.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    777. 

  777.           "EN-US">after the last verb of a sentence when describing
    778. 

  778.           a sequence of actions?</span></a></p>
    779. 

  779.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    780. 

  780.           xml:lang="EN-US">No. There is another sentence pattern,
    781. 

  781.           which indicates sequence of actions, but the first
    782. 

  782.           sequence in the sentence is conditional. In this sentence
    783. 

  783.           pattern</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    784. 

  784.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    785. 

  785.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is placed after the first verb
    786. 

  786.           which is in the conditional clause, and the adverb</span>
    787. 

  787.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">就</span> <span lang=
    788. 

  788.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    789. 

  789.           "EN-US">is placed before the second verb of the sentence.
    790. 

  790.           This kind of construction has a sense of urgency, which
    791. 

  791.           means that the action in the</span> <span class="hanzi"
    792. 

  792.           font-family:="">就</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    793. 

  793.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">clause takes place
    794. 

  794.           immediately after the completion of the first
    795. 

  795.           action.</span></p>
    796. 

  796.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    797. 

  797.           "font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: 700"
    798. 

  798.           xml:lang="EN-US">s. v.1 le o.1 jiu v.2 o.2</span></p>
    799. 

  799.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    800. 

  800.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">tā dào le
    801. 

  801.           zhōngguó jiù zhăo péngyou.</span></p>
    802. 

  802.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span class="hanzi"
    803. 

  803.           font-family:="">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    804. 

  804.           font-family:="">到</span> <span class="hanzi"
    805. 

  805.           font-family:="">了</span> <span class="hanzi"
    806. 

  806.           font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    807. 

  807.           font-family:="">国</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    808. 

  808.           "">就</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">找</span>
    809. 

  809.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">朋</span> <span class=
    810. 

  810.           "hanzi" font-family:="">友</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    811. 

  811.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    812. 

  812.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"
    813. 

  813.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">HE
    814. 

  814.           ARRIVE LE CHINAJIULOOK FOR FRIEND</span></p>
    815. 

  815.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"
    816. 

  816.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">He'll
    817. 

  817.           look for friend immediately after he arrives in
    818. 

  818.           China.</span></p>
    819. 

  819.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    820. 

  820.           xml:lang="EN-US">As you can see, that sentence describes
    821. 

  821.           the action in future, but if you place another</span>
    822. 

  822.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    823. 

  823.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    824. 

  824.           "EN-US">at the end of the sentence, then it means that
    825. 

  825.           both actions have taken place.</span></p>
    826. 

  826.           <p><a name=
    827. 

  827.           "10. Do I always have to use 了 to indicate a completed action">
    828. 

  828.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    829. 

  829.           xml:lang="EN-US">10. Do I always have to use</span>
    830. 

  830.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    831. 

  831.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    832. 

  832.           "EN-US">to indicate a completed action?</span></a></p>
    833. 

  833.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    834. 

  834.           xml:lang="EN-US">No, not always. First of all, the
    835. 

  835.           particle</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    836. 

  836.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    837. 

  837.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">for completed action is not used
    838. 

  838.           in negative sentences. Instead</span> <span class="hanzi"
    839. 

  839.           font-family:="">没</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    840. 

  840.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">should be placed
    841. 

  841.           before the main verb of the sentence.</span></p>
    842. 

  842.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    843. 

  843.           "font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: 700"
    844. 

  844.           xml:lang="EN-US">s. meiv. o.</span></p>
    845. 

  845.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    846. 

  846.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">tā méi
    847. 

  847.           chī fàn.</span></p>
    848. 

  848.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他</span>
    849. 

  849.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">没</span> <span class=
    850. 

  850.           "hanzi" font-family:="">吃</span> <span class="hanzi"
    851. 

  851.           font-family:="">饭</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    852. 

  852.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    853. 

  853.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    854. 

  854.           xml:lang="EN-US">HENOT EAT MEAL</span></p>
    855. 

  855.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    856. 

  856.           xml:lang="EN-US">He didn't eat the meal.</span></p>
    857. 

  857.           <p><a name=
    858. 

  858.           "11. Apart from the negation, are there any circumstances in which 了 is not used">
    859. 

  859.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    860. 

  860.           xml:lang="EN-US">11. Apart from the negation, are there
    861. 

  861.           any circumstances in which</span> <span class="hanzi"
    862. 

  862.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    863. 

  863.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not
    864. 

  864.           used?</span></a></p>
    865. 

  865.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    866. 

  866.           xml:lang="EN-US">In the following situations the
    867. 

  867.           particle</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    868. 

  868.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    869. 

  869.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">for completed actions is not
    870. 

  870.           used.</span></p>
    871. 

  871.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    872. 

  872.           xml:lang="EN-US">1.</span><span class="hanzi"
    873. 

  873.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    874. 

  874.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not used for
    875. 

  875.           prolonged and regular actions in the past. In other
    876. 

  876.           words, if the sentence contains words such as</span>
    877. 

  877.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">每天</span><span lang=
    878. 

  878.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    879. 

  879.           "EN-US">,</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    880. 

  880.           "">年年</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    881. 

  881.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span><span class="hanzi"
    882. 

  882.           font-family:="">常常</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    883. 

  883.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">... the
    884. 

  884.           particle</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    885. 

  885.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    886. 

  886.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">for the completed action is not
    887. 

  887.           used.</span></p>
    888. 

  888.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"></p>
    889. 

  889.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    890. 

  890.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">wŏ yĭqián
    891. 

  891.           zài zhōngguó jiāoshū</span></p>
    892. 

  892.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我以</span>
    893. 

  893.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">前</span> <span class=
    894. 

  894.           "hanzi" font-family:="">在</span> <span class="hanzi"
    895. 

  895.           font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    896. 

  896.           font-family:="">国</span> <span class="hanzi"
    897. 

  897.           font-family:="">教</span> <span class="hanzi"
    898. 

  898.           font-family:="">书</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    899. 

  899.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    900. 

  900.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    901. 

  901.           xml:lang="EN-US">I IN THE PASTINCHINA TEACH</span></p>
    902. 

  902.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    903. 

  903.           xml:lang="EN-US">I taught in China in the
    904. 

  904.           past.</span></p>
    905. 

  905.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    906. 

  906.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">qùnián wŏ
    907. 

  907.           chángchánggēn wŏ n</span><span>ǚ</span> <span lang=
    908. 

  908.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    909. 

  909.           "EN-US">péngyouqù kàn diànyĭng</span></p>
    910. 

  910.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">去年</span>
    911. 

  911.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我</span> <span class=
    912. 

  912.           "hanzi" font-family:="">常</span> <span class="hanzi"
    913. 

  913.           font-family:="">常</span> <span class="hanzi"
    914. 

  914.           font-family:="">跟</span> <span class="hanzi"
    915. 

  915.           font-family:="">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    916. 

  916.           font-family:="">女</span> <span class="hanzi"
    917. 

  917.           font-family:="">朋</span> <span class="hanzi"
    918. 

  918.           font-family:="">友</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    919. 

  919.           "">去</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">看</span>
    920. 

  920.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">电</span> <span class=
    921. 

  921.           "hanzi" font-family:="">影</span><span lang="EN-US"
    922. 

  922.           xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
    923. 

  923.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    924. 

  924.           xml:lang="EN-US">LAST YEAR I OFTEN WITH MY GIRLFRIEND GO
    925. 

  925.           SEE FILMS</span></p>
    926. 

  926.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    927. 

  927.           xml:lang="EN-US">Last year I often went to see films with
    928. 

  928.           my girlfriend.</span></p>
    929. 

  929.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    930. 

  930.           xml:lang="EN-US">2.</span> <span class="hanzi"
    931. 

  931.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    932. 

  932.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not used in
    933. 

  933.           sentences which have modal verbs such as</span>
    934. 

  934.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">应该</span><span lang=
    935. 

  935.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    936. 

  936.           "EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    937. 

  937.           "">得</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    938. 

  938.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">(dei),</span> <span class="hanzi"
    939. 

  939.           font-family:="">可以</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    940. 

  940.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class=
    941. 

  941.           "hanzi" font-family:="">能</span><span lang="EN-US"
    942. 

  942.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span>
    943. 

  943.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">会</span><span lang=
    944. 

  944.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    945. 

  945.           "EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    946. 

  946.           "">要</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    947. 

  947.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    948. 

  948.           font-family:="">想</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    949. 

  949.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">, or for verbs which
    950. 

  950.           indicate feelings such as</span> <span class="hanzi"
    951. 

  951.           font-family:="">爱</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    952. 

  952.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span><span class=
    953. 

  953.           "hanzi" font-family:="">喜欢</span><span lang="EN-US"
    954. 

  954.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span>
    955. 

  955.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">觉得</span><span lang=
    956. 

  956.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    957. 

  957.           "EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    958. 

  958.           "">知道</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    959. 

  959.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    960. 

  960.           font-family:="">愿意</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    961. 

  961.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class=
    962. 

  962.           "hanzi" font-family:="">肯</span><span lang="EN-US"
    963. 

  963.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    964. 

  964.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    965. 

  965.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    966. 

  966.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">zuótiān
    967. 

  967.           nĭ yīnggāiqù kàn tā</span></p>
    968. 

  968.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">昨天</span>
    969. 

  969.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">你</span> <span class=
    970. 

  970.           "hanzi" font-family:="">应该</span> <span class="hanzi"
    971. 

  971.           font-family:="">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    972. 

  972.           font-family:="">看</span> <span class="hanzi"
    973. 

  973.           font-family:="">他</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    974. 

  974.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    975. 

  975.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    976. 

  976.           xml:lang="EN-US">YESTERDAY YOUSHOULD GO SEE
    977. 

  977.           HIM</span></p>
    978. 

  978.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    979. 

  979.           xml:lang="EN-US">You should've gone to see him
    980. 

  980.           yesterday.</span></p>
    981. 

  981.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    982. 

  982.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">shí nián
    983. 

  983.           yĭqián tā hĕn xĭihuānchī făguó cài</span></p>
    984. 

  984.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">十年</span>
    985. 

  985.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">以前</span>
    986. 

  986.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">她</span> <span class=
    987. 

  987.           "hanzi" font-family:="">很</span> <span class="hanzi"
    988. 

  988.           font-family:="">喜</span> <span class="hanzi"
    989. 

  989.           font-family:="">欢</span> <span class="hanzi"
    990. 

  990.           font-family:="">吃</span> <span class="hanzi"
    991. 

  991.           font-family:="">法国</span> <span class="hanzi"
    992. 

  992.           font-family:="">菜</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    993. 

  993.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    994. 

  994.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    995. 

  995.           xml:lang="EN-US">TEN YEAR AGOSHE VERYLIKE EAT
    996. 

  996.           FRENCHFOOD</span></p>
    997. 

  997.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    998. 

  998.           xml:lang="EN-US">Ten years ago she liked eating French
    999. 

  999.           food very much.</span></p>
    1000. 

  1000.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1001. 

  1001.           xml:lang="EN-US">3.</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1002. 

  1002.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1003. 

  1003.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not used
    1004. 

  1004.           when</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    1005. 

  1005.           "">是</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    1006. 

  1006.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1007. 

  1007.           font-family:="">在</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1008. 

  1008.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <span class=
    1009. 

  1009.           "hanzi" font-family:="">有</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1010. 

  1010.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">* are
    1011. 

  1011.           the main verbs of sentences.</span></p>
    1012. 

  1012.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1013. 

  1013.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">shàng
    1014. 

  1014.           xīnqī tā zài bĕijīng</span></p>
    1015. 

  1015.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">上</span>
    1016. 

  1016.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">星期</span>
    1017. 

  1017.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他</span> <span class=
    1018. 

  1018.           "hanzi" font-family:="">在</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1019. 

  1019.           font-family:="">北</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1020. 

  1020.           font-family:="">京</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1021. 

  1021.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    1022. 

  1022.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1023. 

  1023.           xml:lang="EN-US">LAST WEEKHE WAS (IN) BEIJING</span></p>
    1024. 

  1024.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1025. 

  1025.           xml:lang="EN-US">He was in Beijing last week.</span></p>
    1026. 

  1026.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1027. 

  1027.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">yĭqián tā
    1028. 

  1028.           yŏu hĕn duō qián</span></p>
    1029. 

  1029.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">以前</span>
    1030. 

  1030.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他</span> <span class=
    1031. 

  1031.           "hanzi" font-family:="">有</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1032. 

  1032.           font-family:="">很</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1033. 

  1033.           font-family:="">多</span><span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    1034. 

  1034.           "">钱</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1035. 

  1035.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    1036. 

  1036.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1037. 

  1037.           xml:lang="EN-US">BEFORE HE HAD VERY MUCH MONEY</span></p>
    1038. 

  1038.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1039. 

  1039.           xml:lang="EN-US">In the past he had a lot of
    1040. 

  1040.           money.</span></p>
    1041. 

  1041.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1042. 

  1042.           xml:lang="EN-US">If</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1043. 

  1043.           font-family:="">有</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1044. 

  1044.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">(to posses) is used
    1045. 

  1045.           as the main verb of a sentence,</span> <span class=
    1046. 

  1046.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1047. 

  1047.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">(for
    1048. 

  1048.           completed action) is not used. However,</span>
    1049. 

  1049.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    1050. 

  1050.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1051. 

  1051.           "EN-US">can be used if the object of a sentence is an
    1052. 

  1052.           abstract one which has an implication of action, such as
    1053. 

  1053.           “development”, “improvement”</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1054. 

  1054.           font-family:="">他的学习有了很大的进步</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1055. 

  1055.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">. He has
    1056. 

  1056.           improved greatly in his studies.</span></p>
    1057. 

  1057.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1058. 

  1058.           xml:lang="EN-US">4.</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1059. 

  1059.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1060. 

  1060.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not used for
    1061. 

  1061.           direct and indirect speeches.</span></p>
    1062. 

  1062.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1063. 

  1063.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">dir.
    1064. 

  1064.           speech zuótiān tā wèn wŏ: "nĭ yào qù zhōngguó
    1065. 

  1065.           ma"</span></p>
    1066. 

  1066.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">昨天</span>
    1067. 

  1067.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">他问</span>
    1068. 

  1068.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我</span><span lang=
    1069. 

  1069.           "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">: "</span><span class="hanzi"
    1070. 

  1070.           font-family:="">你</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1071. 

  1071.           font-family:="">要</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1072. 

  1072.           font-family:="">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1073. 

  1073.           font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1074. 

  1074.           font-family:="">国</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1075. 

  1075.           font-family:="">吗</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1076. 

  1076.           "EN-US">?"</span></p>
    1077. 

  1077.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1078. 

  1078.           xml:lang="EN-US">YESTERDAY HE ASK ME: "YOU WANT GO CHINA
    1079. 

  1079.           MA?</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1080. 

  1080.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1081. 

  1081.           "EN-US">"</span></p>
    1082. 

  1082.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1083. 

  1083.           xml:lang="EN-US">Yesterday he asked me: "Would you like
    1084. 

  1084.           to go to China?"</span></p>
    1085. 

  1085.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1086. 

  1086.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">indir.
    1087. 

  1087.           speech zuótiān tā wèn wŏ: yào qù zhōngguó ma</span></p>
    1088. 

  1088.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">昨</span>
    1089. 

  1089.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">天</span> <span class=
    1090. 

  1090.           "hanzi" font-family:="">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1091. 

  1091.           font-family:="">问</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1092. 

  1092.           font-family:="">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1093. 

  1093.           font-family:="">要</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1094. 

  1094.           font-family:="">去</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1095. 

  1095.           font-family:="">中</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1096. 

  1096.           font-family:="">国</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1097. 

  1097.           font-family:="">吗</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1098. 

  1098.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    1099. 

  1099.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1100. 

  1100.           xml:lang="EN-US">YESTERDAY HE ASK ME WANT GO CHINA
    1101. 

  1101.           MA</span></p>
    1102. 

  1102.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1103. 

  1103.           xml:lang="EN-US">Yesterday he asked me if I would like to
    1104. 

  1104.           go to China.</span></p>
    1105. 

  1105.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1106. 

  1106.           xml:lang="EN-US">As you can see, in the situations when
    1107. 

  1107.           the completed action</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1108. 

  1108.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1109. 

  1109.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not used,
    1110. 

  1110.           time-words are used to indicate the actions happened in
    1111. 

  1111.           the past.</span></p>
    1112. 

  1112.           <p><a name=
    1113. 

  1113.           "12. Is it true that if I use a time-word I dont have to use 了">
    1114. 

  1114.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1115. 

  1115.           xml:lang="EN-US">12. Is it true that if I use a time-word
    1116. 

  1116.           I don't have to use</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1117. 

  1117.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1118. 

  1118.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">?</span></a></p>
    1119. 

  1119.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1120. 

  1120.           xml:lang="EN-US">No. Time-words are needed when the
    1121. 

  1121.           completed action</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    1122. 

  1122.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    1123. 

  1123.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">cannot be used. But time-words
    1124. 

  1124.           have no effect on</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1125. 

  1125.           font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1126. 

  1126.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">when the completed
    1127. 

  1127.           action</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    1128. 

  1128.           "">了</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    1129. 

  1129.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is applicable.</span></p>
    1130. 

  1130.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1131. 

  1131.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">zuótiān
    1132. 

  1132.           wŏqù măi le liăng bĕn shū</span></p>
    1133. 

  1133.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">昨</span>
    1134. 

  1134.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">天</span> <span class=
    1135. 

  1135.           "hanzi" font-family:="">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1136. 

  1136.           font-family:="">去买</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1137. 

  1137.           font-family:="">了</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1138. 

  1138.           font-family:="">两</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1139. 

  1139.           font-family:="">本</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1140. 

  1140.           font-family:="">书</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1141. 

  1141.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    1142. 

  1142.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1143. 

  1143.           xml:lang="EN-US">TESTERDAY I GO BUY LE TWOBEN
    1144. 

  1144.           BOOK</span></p>
    1145. 

  1145.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1146. 

  1146.           xml:lang="EN-US">Yesterday I went out and bought two
    1147. 

  1147.           books.</span></p>
    1148. 

  1148.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1149. 

  1149.           xml:lang="EN-US">You can't say:</span></p>
    1150. 

  1150.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1151. 

  1151.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">zuótiān
    1152. 

  1152.           wŏ qù măi liăng bĕn shū</span></p>
    1153. 

  1153.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">昨</span>
    1154. 

  1154.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">天</span> <span class=
    1155. 

  1155.           "hanzi" font-family:="">我</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1156. 

  1156.           font-family:="">去买</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1157. 

  1157.           font-family:="">两</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1158. 

  1158.           font-family:="">本</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1159. 

  1159.           font-family:="">书</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1160. 

  1160.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    1161. 

  1161.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1162. 

  1162.           xml:lang="EN-US">The above sentence sounds uncompleted.
    1163. 

  1163.           The listener would expect more and would ask, "and then
    1164. 

  1164.           what?"</span></p>
    1165. 

  1165.           <p><a name=
    1166. 

  1166.           "13. Are there any constructions that cannot take an aspectual particle 了">
    1167. 

  1167.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1168. 

  1168.           xml:lang="EN-US">13. Are there any constructions that
    1169. 

  1169.           cannot take an aspectual particle</span> <span class=
    1170. 

  1170.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1171. 

  1171.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1172. 

  1172.           "EN-US">?</span></a></p>
    1173. 

  1173.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1174. 

  1174.           xml:lang="EN-US">The completed action</span> <span class=
    1175. 

  1175.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1176. 

  1176.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">is not
    1177. 

  1177.           applicable to the following constructions.</span></p>
    1178. 

  1178.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1179. 

  1179.           xml:lang="EN-US">1. The V+</span><span class="hanzi"
    1180. 

  1180.           font-family:="">得</span> <span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1181. 

  1181.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">construction (the
    1182. 

  1182.           complement of degree)</span></p>
    1183. 

  1183.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1184. 

  1184.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">zuótiān
    1185. 

  1185.           tā fàn zuòde hĕn bú cuò</span></p>
    1186. 

  1186.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">昨</span>
    1187. 

  1187.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">天</span> <span class=
    1188. 

  1188.           "hanzi" font-family:="">他</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1189. 

  1189.           font-family:="">饭</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1190. 

  1190.           font-family:="">作</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1191. 

  1191.           font-family:="">得</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1192. 

  1192.           font-family:="">很</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1193. 

  1193.           font-family:="">不</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1194. 

  1194.           font-family:="">错</span></p>
    1195. 

  1195.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1196. 

  1196.           xml:lang="EN-US">YESTERDAY HE MEAL COOK DEVERY</span>
    1197. 

  1197.           <span style=
    1198. 

  1198.           "font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt" lang=
    1199. 

  1199.           "en-us" xml:lang="en-us">NOTBAD</span></p>
    1200. 

  1200.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1201. 

  1201.           xml:lang="EN-US">Yesterday he cooked meal very
    1202. 

  1202.           well.</span></p>
    1203. 

  1203.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1204. 

  1204.           xml:lang="EN-US">2. Description+</span><span class=
    1205. 

  1205.           "hanzi" font-family:="">的</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1206. 

  1206.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">(The
    1207. 

  1207.           verbs in the descriptive clause don't take</span>
    1208. 

  1208.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span><span lang=
    1209. 

  1209.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1210. 

  1210.           "EN-US">, as they are not the main verbs of
    1211. 

  1211.           sentences.)</span></p>
    1212. 

  1212.           <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"></p>
    1213. 

  1213.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1214. 

  1214.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">zuótiān
    1215. 

  1215.           wŏ măi de nà bĕn shū hĕn yŏu yìsi</span></p>
    1216. 

  1216.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">昨天</span>
    1217. 

  1217.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我</span> <span class=
    1218. 

  1218.           "hanzi" font-family:="">买</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1219. 

  1219.           font-family:="">的</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1220. 

  1220.           font-family:="">那</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1221. 

  1221.           font-family:="">本</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1222. 

  1222.           font-family:="">书</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1223. 

  1223.           font-family:="">很</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1224. 

  1224.           font-family:="">有</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1225. 

  1225.           font-family:="">意思</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1226. 

  1226.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    1227. 

  1227.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1228. 

  1228.           xml:lang="EN-US">YESTERDAY I BUY DE THATBENBOOK VERY
    1229. 

  1229.           INTERESTING</span></p>
    1230. 

  1230.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1231. 

  1231.           xml:lang="EN-US">The book which I bought yesterday is
    1232. 

  1232.           very interesting.</span></p>
    1233. 

  1233.           <p><a name=
    1234. 

  1234.           "14. Do I always have to consider the use of 了 when I see a past tense in an English sentence">
    1235. 

  1235.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1236. 

  1236.           xml:lang="EN-US">14. Do I always have to consider the use
    1237. 

  1237.           of</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span>
    1238. 

  1238.           <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1239. 

  1239.           xml:lang="EN-US">when I see a past tense in an English
    1240. 

  1240.           sentence?</span></a></p>
    1241. 

  1241.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1242. 

  1242.           xml:lang="EN-US">No, not always. Remember: the</span>
    1243. 

  1243.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    1244. 

  1244.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1245. 

  1245.           "EN-US">in this section is for completed actions, which
    1246. 

  1246.           is different from the past tense. Here is another example
    1247. 

  1247.           of a past tense English sentence which does not use the
    1248. 

  1248.           completed action</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    1249. 

  1249.           "">了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times=""
    1250. 

  1250.           new="" xml:lang="EN-US">:</span></p>
    1251. 

  1251.           <p><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1252. 

  1252.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">qùnián wŏ
    1253. 

  1253.           fēicháng máng.</span></p>
    1254. 

  1254.           <p><span class="hanzi" font-family:="">去年</span>
    1255. 

  1255.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">我</span> <span class=
    1256. 

  1256.           "hanzi" font-family:="">非</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1257. 

  1257.           font-family:="">常</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1258. 

  1258.           font-family:="">忙</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1259. 

  1259.           "EN-US">.</span></p>
    1260. 

  1260.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1261. 

  1261.           xml:lang="EN-US">LAST YEAR I VERY BUSY</span></p>
    1262. 

  1262.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1263. 

  1263.           xml:lang="EN-US">Last year I was very busy.</span></p>
    1264. 

  1264.           <p class="MsoFooter"></p>
    1265. 

  1265.           <p><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1266. 

  1266.           xml:lang="EN-US">The word busy acts as a stative verb
    1267. 

  1267.           which does not take the particle</span> <span class=
    1268. 

  1268.           "hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1269. 

  1269.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">of
    1270. 

  1270.           completed action.</span></p>
    1271. 

  1271.           <h1 align="center"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1272. 

  1272.           "EN-US"><font size="4" face="Arial"><a name="Exercises"
    1273. 

  1273.           id="Exercises">Exercises</a></font></span></h1>
    1274. 

  1274.           <p align="center"><font size="4" face=
    1275. 

  1275.           "Arial"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Arial">
    1276. 

  1276.           <a style="text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href=
    1277. 

  1277.           "LE1_feedback.html">You can submit your work online
    1278. 

  1278.           here</a></span></font></p>
    1279. 

  1279.           <h1 align="center"><font size="4" face=
    1280. 

  1280.           "Arial"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><font size=
    1281. 

  1281.           "2" face="Arial"><a target="_blank" href=
    1282. 

  1282.           "../Text/Section0143.htm" style=
    1283. 

  1283.           "text-decoration: none; font-weight:400">Click here for
    1284. 

  1284.           answers</a></font></span></font></h1>
    1285. 

  1285.           <p><font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="2" face=
    1286. 

  1286.           "Arial"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=
    1287. 

  1287.           "" xml:lang="EN-US">A. Place "</span><span class="hanzi"
    1288. 

  1288.           font-family:="">了</span><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=
    1289. 

  1289.           "" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">" in the right in the
    1290. 

  1290.           following sentences, and give your reasons if</span>
    1291. 

  1291.           <span class="hanzi" font-family:="">了</span> <span lang=
    1292. 

  1292.           "EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1293. 

  1293.           "EN-US">is not needed.</span></font></font></p>
    1294. 

  1294.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1295. 

  1295.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="2" face=
    1296. 

  1296.           "Arial"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1297. 

  1297.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">1.</span>
    1298. 

  1298.           <font size="4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1299. 

  1299.           "font-family: STKaiti">昨天我去</span><span lang="en-us"
    1300. 

  1300.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1301. 

  1301.           "en-us">____</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    1302. 

  1302.           "font-family: STKaiti">大使馆办</span><span lang="en-us"
    1303. 

  1303.           xml:lang="en-us"><font size="4"><span style=
    1304. 

  1304.           "font-family: Times New Roman">____</span></font></span><font size="4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi"
    1305. 

  1305.           style="font-family: STKaiti">签证</span><span lang="en-us"
    1306. 

  1306.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1307. 

  1307.           "en-us">____</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1308. 

  1308.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1309. 

  1309.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1310. 

  1310.           "4">.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1311. 

  1311.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1312. 

  1312.           </p>
    1313. 

  1313.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1314. 

  1314.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1315. 

  1315.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1316. 

  1316.           "4"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1317. 

  1317.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">2.</span>
    1318. 

  1318.           <font size="4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1319. 

  1319.           "font-family: STKaiti">我已经请</span><span lang="en-us"
    1320. 

  1320.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1321. 

  1321.           "en-us">____</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    1322. 

  1322.           "font-family: STKaiti">小王看</span><span style=
    1323. 

  1323.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1324. 

  1324.           style="font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1325. 

  1325.           "4">两次电影</font></span> <font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1326. 

  1326.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1327. 

  1327.           "EN-US"><font size="4">,</font></span><font size=
    1328. 

  1328.           "4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1329. 

  1329.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1330. 

  1330.           "4">可是他还是那么不客气</font></span><font size="4"><font size=
    1331. 

  1331.           "4"><span style=
    1332. 

  1332.           "font-family: Times New Roman">____</span><span lang=
    1333. 

  1333.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1334. 

  1334.           "EN-US">.</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    1335. 

  1335.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1336. 

  1336.           "4">真气人</font></span><font size="4">____<span lang=
    1337. 

  1337.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1338. 

  1338.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1339. 

  1339.           "4">!</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1340. 

  1340.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1341. 

  1341.           </p>
    1342. 

  1342.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1343. 

  1343.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1344. 

  1344.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1345. 

  1345.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1346. 

  1346.           "4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1347. 

  1347.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">3.</span>
    1348. 

  1348.           <font size="4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1349. 

  1349.           "font-family: STKaiti">上星期我去</span><span style=
    1350. 

  1350.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1351. 

  1351.           style="font-family: STKaiti">北京看</span><span style=
    1352. 

  1352.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1353. 

  1353.           style="font-family: STKaiti">朋友</span>____<span lang=
    1354. 

  1354.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1355. 

  1355.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1356. 

  1356.           "4">.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1357. 

  1357.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1358. 

  1358.           </p>
    1359. 

  1359.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1360. 

  1360.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1361. 

  1361.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1362. 

  1362.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1363. 

  1363.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1364. 

  1364.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1365. 

  1365.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1366. 

  1366.           "EN-US">4.</span> <font size="4"><font size=
    1367. 

  1367.           "4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1368. 

  1368.           "font-family: STKaiti">去年我常常在</span><span style=
    1369. 

  1369.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1370. 

  1370.           style="font-family: STKaiti">路口的那家书店看</span><span style=
    1371. 

  1371.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1372. 

  1372.           style="font-family: STKaiti">书</span><span lang="EN-US"
    1373. 

  1373.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1374. 

  1374.           "EN-US"><font size="4">.</font></span><font size=
    1375. 

  1375.           "4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1376. 

  1376.           "font-family: STKaiti">从来没有人管</span><span style=
    1377. 

  1377.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1378. 

  1378.           style="font-family: STKaiti">我</span><span style=
    1379. 

  1379.           "font-family: Times New Roman">____</span><span lang=
    1380. 

  1380.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1381. 

  1381.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1382. 

  1382.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1383. 

  1383.           </p>
    1384. 

  1384.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1385. 

  1385.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1386. 

  1386.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1387. 

  1387.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1388. 

  1388.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1389. 

  1389.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1390. 

  1390.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1391. 

  1391.           "4"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1392. 

  1392.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">5.</span>
    1393. 

  1393.           <font size="4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1394. 

  1394.           "font-family: STKaiti">前天晚上我在</span><span style=
    1395. 

  1395.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1396. 

  1396.           style="font-family: STKaiti">你那儿吃</span><span style=
    1397. 

  1397.           "font-family: Times New Roman" lang="en-us" xml:lang=
    1398. 

  1398.           "en-us">____</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    1399. 

  1399.           "font-family: STKaiti"><font size=
    1400. 

  1400.           "4">饭的时候</font></span><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1401. 

  1401.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1402. 

  1402.           "EN-US"><font size="4">,</font></span><font size=
    1403. 

  1403.           "4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1404. 

  1404.           "font-family: STKaiti">我听见</span><span style=
    1405. 

  1405.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1406. 

  1406.           style="font-family: STKaiti">她拉</span>____<font size=
    1407. 

  1407.           "4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1408. 

  1408.           "font-family: STKaiti">小提琴拉</span><span style=
    1409. 

  1409.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1410. 

  1410.           style="font-family: STKaiti">得真好听</span>____<span lang=
    1411. 

  1411.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1412. 

  1412.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1413. 

  1413.           "4">.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1414. 

  1414.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1415. 

  1415.           </p>
    1416. 

  1416.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1417. 

  1417.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1418. 

  1418.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1419. 

  1419.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1420. 

  1420.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1421. 

  1421.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1422. 

  1422.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1423. 

  1423.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1424. 

  1424.           "4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1425. 

  1425.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">6.</span>
    1426. 

  1426.           <font size="4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1427. 

  1427.           "font-family: STKaiti">十年前我在</span><span style=
    1428. 

  1428.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1429. 

  1429.           style="font-family: STKaiti">中国住</span><span style=
    1430. 

  1430.           "font-family: Times New Roman">____</span> <span lang=
    1431. 

  1431.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1432. 

  1432.           "EN-US">.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1433. 

  1433.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1434. 

  1434.           </p>
    1435. 

  1435.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1436. 

  1436.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1437. 

  1437.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1438. 

  1438.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1439. 

  1439.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1440. 

  1440.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1441. 

  1441.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1442. 

  1442.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1443. 

  1443.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1444. 

  1444.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1445. 

  1445.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1446. 

  1446.           "EN-US">7.</span> <font size="4"><font size=
    1447. 

  1447.           "4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1448. 

  1448.           "font-family: STKaiti">我研究</span><span lang="en-us"
    1449. 

  1449.           style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1450. 

  1450.           "en-us">____</span><span class="hanzi" style=
    1451. 

  1451.           "font-family: STKaiti">计算机研究</span><span style=
    1452. 

  1452.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1453. 

  1453.           style="font-family: STKaiti">四年</span>____<span lang=
    1454. 

  1454.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1455. 

  1455.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1456. 

  1456.           "4">.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1457. 

  1457.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1458. 

  1458.           </p>
    1459. 

  1459.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1460. 

  1460.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1461. 

  1461.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1462. 

  1462.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1463. 

  1463.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1464. 

  1464.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1465. 

  1465.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1466. 

  1466.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1467. 

  1467.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1468. 

  1468.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1469. 

  1469.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1470. 

  1470.           "4"><span lang="EN-US" style=
    1471. 

  1471.           "font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang="EN-US">8.</span>
    1472. 

  1472.           <font size="4"><font size="4"><span class="hanzi" style=
    1473. 

  1473.           "font-family: STKaiti">那本书我已经看</span><span style=
    1474. 

  1474.           "font-family: STKaiti">____</span><span class="hanzi"
    1475. 

  1475.           style="font-family: STKaiti">三次</span>____<span lang=
    1476. 

  1476.           "EN-US" style="font-family: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    1477. 

  1477.           "EN-US"><font size=
    1478. 

  1478.           "4">.</font></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1479. 

  1479.           <p><font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1480. 

  1480.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1481. 

  1481.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1482. 

  1482.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1483. 

  1483.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1484. 

  1484.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1485. 

  1485.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1486. 

  1486.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1487. 

  1487.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1488. 

  1488.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1489. 

  1489.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1490. 

  1490.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">B.
    1491. 

  1491.           Translate the following sentences into
    1492. 

  1492.           Chinese.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1493. 

  1493.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1494. 

  1494.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1495. 

  1495.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1496. 

  1496.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1497. 

  1497.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1498. 

  1498.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1499. 

  1499.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1500. 

  1500.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1501. 

  1501.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1502. 

  1502.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1503. 

  1503.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1504. 

  1504.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1505. 

  1505.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">1.
    1506. 

  1506.           Yesterday Xiao Wang asked me to borrow a Chinese
    1507. 

  1507.           newspaper from the library for
    1508. 

  1508.           him.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1509. 

  1509.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1510. 

  1510.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1511. 

  1511.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1512. 

  1512.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1513. 

  1513.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1514. 

  1514.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1515. 

  1515.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1516. 

  1516.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1517. 

  1517.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1518. 

  1518.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1519. 

  1519.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1520. 

  1520.           "4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=""
    1521. 

  1521.           times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">2. For three months Mr.
    1522. 

  1522.           Li has been teaching me how to sing Peking
    1523. 

  1523.           Opera.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1524. 

  1524.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1525. 

  1525.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1526. 

  1526.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1527. 

  1527.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1528. 

  1528.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1529. 

  1529.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1530. 

  1530.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1531. 

  1531.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1532. 

  1532.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1533. 

  1533.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1534. 

  1534.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1535. 

  1535.           "4"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1536. 

  1536.           xml:lang="EN-US">3. I've been living in this country for
    1537. 

  1537.           more than four
    1538. 

  1538.           years.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1539. 

  1539.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1540. 

  1540.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1541. 

  1541.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1542. 

  1542.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1543. 

  1543.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1544. 

  1544.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1545. 

  1545.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1546. 

  1546.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1547. 

  1547.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1548. 

  1548.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1549. 

  1549.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1550. 

  1550.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">4. We've
    1551. 

  1551.           gone through this lesson twice, but the teacher wants us
    1552. 

  1552.           to go through it once
    1553. 

  1553.           more.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1554. 

  1554.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1555. 

  1555.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1556. 

  1556.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1557. 

  1557.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1558. 

  1558.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1559. 

  1559.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1560. 

  1560.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1561. 

  1561.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1562. 

  1562.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1563. 

  1563.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1564. 

  1564.           "4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=""
    1565. 

  1565.           times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">5. She is unhappy. She
    1566. 

  1566.           hasn't eaten for two
    1567. 

  1567.           days.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1568. 

  1568.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1569. 

  1569.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1570. 

  1570.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1571. 

  1571.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1572. 

  1572.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1573. 

  1573.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1574. 

  1574.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1575. 

  1575.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1576. 

  1576.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1577. 

  1577.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1578. 

  1578.           "4"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1579. 

  1579.           xml:lang="EN-US">6. He should have returned that tea-set
    1580. 

  1580.           a long time
    1581. 

  1581.           ago.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1582. 

  1582.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1583. 

  1583.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1584. 

  1584.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1585. 

  1585.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1586. 

  1586.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1587. 

  1587.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1588. 

  1588.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1589. 

  1589.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1590. 

  1590.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1591. 

  1591.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1592. 

  1592.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">7. Last
    1593. 

  1593.           month he said that he wanted to go to China, but this
    1594. 

  1594.           month he said that he wanted to go to Japan. I really
    1595. 

  1595.           don't know where he wants to
    1596. 

  1596.           go.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1597. 

  1597.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1598. 

  1598.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1599. 

  1599.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1600. 

  1600.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1601. 

  1601.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1602. 

  1602.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1603. 

  1603.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1604. 

  1604.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1605. 

  1605.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1606. 

  1606.           "4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:=""
    1607. 

  1607.           times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">8. In the past I was the
    1608. 

  1608.           only one who did the
    1609. 

  1609.           cooking.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1610. 

  1610.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1611. 

  1611.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1612. 

  1612.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1613. 

  1613.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1614. 

  1614.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1615. 

  1615.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1616. 

  1616.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1617. 

  1617.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1618. 

  1618.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1619. 

  1619.           "4"><span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1620. 

  1620.           xml:lang="EN-US">9. Last year he often helped me to learn
    1621. 

  1621.           Chinese.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1622. 

  1622.           <p style="text-indent: -21.25pt; margin-left: 21.25pt">
    1623. 

  1623.           <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1624. 

  1624.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1625. 

  1625.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1626. 

  1626.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1627. 

  1627.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1628. 

  1628.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1629. 

  1629.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1630. 

  1630.           "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"
    1631. 

  1631.           font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">10.
    1632. 

  1632.           Should we go to the hospital to see Xiao Zhang
    1633. 

  1633.           immediately after finishing our
    1634. 

  1634.           work?</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1635. 

  1635.           <div style="mso-element:footnote-list">
    1636. 

  1636.             <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1637. 

  1637.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1638. 

  1638.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1639. 

  1639.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1640. 

  1640.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1641. 

  1641.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1642. 

  1642.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1643. 

  1643.             "4"><font size="4">
    1644. 

  1644.             <!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear=
    1645. 

  1645.             "all" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>
    1646. 

  1646.             <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
    1647. 

  1647.             <font size="4" face="Arial"><font size="4"><font size=
    1648. 

  1648.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1649. 

  1649.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1650. 

  1650.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1651. 

  1651.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1652. 

  1652.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1653. 

  1653.             "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1654. 

  1654.             "4"><font size="4">
    1655. 

  1655.             <!--[endif]--></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>
    1656. 

  1656.             <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1">
    1657. 

  1657.               <p><font size="4" face="Arial"><font size=
    1658. 

  1658.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1659. 

  1659.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1660. 

  1660.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1661. 

  1661.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1662. 

  1662.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1663. 

  1663.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1664. 

  1664.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><a href="#_ftnref1"
    1665. 

  1665.               name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><span class=
    1666. 

  1666.               "MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1667. 

  1667.               "EN-US">*</span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US"
    1668. 

  1668.               font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">He
    1669. 

  1669.               has been learning Chinese for 2
    1670. 

  1670.               years.</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1671. 

  1671.               <p class="MsoFootnoteText"></p>
    1672. 

  1672.             </div>
    1673. 

  1673.             <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn3">
    1674. 

  1674.               <p><font size="4" face="Arial"><font size=
    1675. 

  1675.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1676. 

  1676.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1677. 

  1677.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1678. 

  1678.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1679. 

  1679.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1680. 

  1680.               "4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size=
    1681. 

  1681.               "4"><font size="4"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"
    1682. 

  1682.               title="" id="_ftn2"><span class=
    1683. 

  1683.               "MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang=
    1684. 

  1684.               "EN-US">**</span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US"
    1685. 

  1685.               font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang=
    1686. 

  1686.               "EN-US">The</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=
    1687. 

  1687.               "" tsc="" ukai="" m="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1688. 

  1688.               font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">at
    1689. 

  1689.               the end of the sentence indicates that the action is
    1690. 

  1690.               still going on. In this usage,</span> <span class=
    1691. 

  1691.               "hanzi" font-family:="" tsc="" ukai="" m="">了</span>
    1692. 

  1692.               <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1693. 

  1693.               xml:lang="EN-US">brings the time "up to the present".
    1694. 

  1694.               This usage of</span> <span class="hanzi"
    1695. 

  1695.               font-family:="" tsc="" ukai="" m="">了</span>
    1696. 

  1696.               <span lang="EN-US" font-family:="" times="" new=""
    1697. 

  1697.               xml:lang="EN-US">only works when a time-measure or an
    1698. 

  1698.               implication of a time-measure is involved in the
    1699. 

  1699.               sentence.</span> <span class="hanzi" font-family:=""
    1700. 

  1700.               tsc="" ukai="" m="">了</span> <span lang="EN-US"
    1701. 

  1701.               font-family:="" times="" new="" xml:lang="EN-US">in
    1702. 

  1702.               the following examples have the similar function,
    1703. 

  1703.               which brings the time "up to the
    1704. 

  1704.               present".</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
    1705. 

  1705.             </div>
    1706. 

  1706.           </div>
    1707. 

  1707.           <div style="mso-element:footnote-list">
    1708. 

  1708.             <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn2">
    1709. 

  1709.               <p class="MsoFootnoteText"></p>
    1710. 

  1710.             </div>
    1711. 

  1711.           </div>
    1712. 

  1712.         </td>
    1713. 

  1713.       </tr>
    1714. 

  1714.     </tbody>
    1715. 

  1715.   </table>
    1716. 

  1716. </body>
    1717. 

  1717. </html>
    1718.