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  <p>Resultative Verb Complements</p>
  <p>A resultative verb complement is formed by an action verb and
  a resultative word. A</p>
  <p>resultative word can be a verb or a stative verb describing
  the outcome of an action. The</p>
  <p>examples of resultative words are 完 wán to finish as in 写完
  xiěwán to finish writing and</p>
  <p>清楚 qīngchu to be clear as in 写清楚 xiěqīngchu to write it
  clearly. The formula of the</p>
  <p>resultative verb complements reflects the sequence of action.
  For instance 写完 xiěwán finish</p>
  <p>writing in Chinese becomes writing finish, as finish is the
  outcome of the action of writing.</p>
  <p>Some Chinese verbs are in the form of resultative verb
  complements such as</p>
  <p>看见 kànjiàn to see</p>
  <p>听见 tīngjiàn to hear</p>
  <p>找到 zhǎodào to find</p>
  <p>When translating a sentence into Chinese it is important to
  ask yourself if the verb of the</p>
  <p>sentence is an action verb of or it is a verb with an
  outcome.</p>
  <p>The following list consists of the most commonly used
  resultative complements.</p>
  <p>68Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>Verbs</p>
  <p>看 look; 听 listen</p>
  <p>Resultative</p>
  <p>complements</p>
  <p>见 to sense</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>Examples</p>
  <p>你听</p>
  <p>见 她 唱</p>
  <p>歌了 吗?</p>
  <p>nĭ tīng jiàn tā chàng gē le ma</p>
  <p>看 look; 听 listen</p>
  <p>懂 to</p>
  <p>understand</p>
  <p>Did you hear her singing?</p>
  <p>我 没</p>
  <p>看 懂</p>
  <p>课 文。</p>
  <p>wŏ méi kàn dŏng kèwén</p>
  <p>放 put</p>
  <p>在 to be</p>
  <p>in/on/at</p>
  <p>I didn‟t understand the text (by reading through it).</p>
  <p>书 放</p>
  <p>在 桌 子 上</p>
  <p>了。</p>
  <p>shū fang zài zhuōzi shàng le</p>
  <p>送 give (sth. as a</p>
  <p>present); 拿 take;</p>
  <p>还 return; 借 lend</p>
  <p>给 to give (to</p>
  <p>a person)</p>
  <p>The book has been put on the table.</p>
  <p>词典</p>
  <p>还 给 小 王</p>
  <p>了。</p>
  <p>cídiăn huángěi Xiăo Wáng le</p>
  <p>The dictionary has been returned to Xiao Wang.</p>
  <p>我 的 书 借 给 丁</p>
  <p>云 了。</p>
  <p>wŏ de shū jiè gěi Dīng Yún le</p>
  <p>送 give (as a</p>
  <p>present); 学 study;</p>
  <p>寄 send/post</p>
  <p>到 to reach</p>
  <p>(to a place)</p>
  <p>My book has been lent to Ding Yun.</p>
  <p>我 们</p>
  <p>学 到 了第 三 课。</p>
  <p>wŏmen xué dào le dì sān kè</p>
  <p>We have reached Lesson Three.</p>
  <p>你的信 小</p>
  <p>王</p>
  <p>送</p>
  <p>到 你 宿舍 去了。</p>
  <p>nĭde xìn Xiăo Wáng song dào nĭ sùshù qù le</p>
  <p>买 buy; 吃 eat; 喝</p>
  <p>drink; 借 borrow</p>
  <p>到 to obtain</p>
  <p>Your letter has been delivered to your dormitory by</p>
  <p>Xiao Wang.</p>
  <p>我 没</p>
  <p>买 到</p>
  <p>地图。</p>
  <p>69Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>wŏ méi măi dào dì tú</p>
  <p>I didn‟t get hold of the map.</p>
  <p>我 没</p>
  <p>心。</p>
  <p>吃 到</p>
  <p>小</p>
  <p>王</p>
  <p>作</p>
  <p>的 点</p>
  <p>wŏ méi chī dào Xiăo Wáng zuò de diănxīn</p>
  <p>学 study</p>
  <p>会 to master</p>
  <p>I didn’t get to eat the Dianxin made by Xiao Wang.</p>
  <p>我 们</p>
  <p>都</p>
  <p>学 会 中</p>
  <p>文了。</p>
  <p>wŏmen dōu xué huì Zhōngwén le</p>
  <p>送 give (as a</p>
  <p>present); 拿 take</p>
  <p>走 to be away</p>
  <p>We have all mastered Chinese.</p>
  <p>礼物 送</p>
  <p>走</p>
  <p>了。</p>
  <p>lĭ wù song zŏu le</p>
  <p>拿 to take; 记 to</p>
  <p>remember</p>
  <p>住 to be fixed</p>
  <p>The presents have been delivered.</p>
  <p>记住 学</p>
  <p>过 的 生</p>
  <p>词。</p>
  <p>jì zhù xué guò de shēngcí</p>
  <p>Remember the words that (you) have learned. (It</p>
  <p>implies that you should fix the words into your</p>
  <p>memory. One could also say</p>
  <p>我 记了,可 是 没 记住。</p>
  <p>wŏ jì le</p>
  <p>作 do; 写 write;</p>
  <p>学 study</p>
  <p>好 to be</p>
  <p>satisfactory</p>
  <p>kěshì méi jì zhù</p>
  <p>I tried, but I failed to remember)</p>
  <p>我 作</p>
  <p>好 饭 了。</p>
  <p>wŏ zuò hăo fàn le</p>
  <p>I have finished cooking the meal.</p>
  <p>70Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>作 do; 写 write;</p>
  <p>说 say</p>
  <p>错 to be</p>
  <p>wrong</p>
  <p>你说</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>错了。</p>
  <p>nĭ shuō cuò le</p>
  <p>You’ve said it wrong.</p>
  <p>我 没</p>
  <p>作</p>
  <p>错。</p>
  <p>wŏ méi zuò cuò</p>
  <p>I didn‟t do it wrong.</p>
  <p>作 do; 写 write;</p>
  <p>说 say</p>
  <p>写 write; 说 say</p>
  <p>对 to be right</p>
  <p>清楚 to be</p>
  <p>clear</p>
  <p>你没</p>
  <p>说</p>
  <p>清</p>
  <p>楚。</p>
  <p>nĭ méi shuō qīngchu</p>
  <p>You didn’t say it clearly.</p>
  <p>我 写 清</p>
  <p>楚 了。</p>
  <p>wŏ xiě qīngchu le</p>
  <p>I’ve written it clearly.</p>
  <p>When two objects (both direct and indirect) are involved in a
  sentence, the direct object is</p>
  <p>often placed at the beginning of the sentence. For example</p>
  <p>书 我 借 给 小</p>
  <p>王</p>
  <p>了。</p>
  <p>shū wǒ jiè gěi Xiǎo Wáng le</p>
  <p>I’ve lent the book to Xiao Wang.</p>
  <p>你的 衬</p>
  <p>衫</p>
  <p>我 拿 到 你 的 卧 室 去 了。</p>
  <p>nǐ de chènshān wǒ ná dào nǐ de wòshì qù le</p>
  <p>I’ve taken your shirt to your bedroom.</p>
  <p>Both the direct objects of the sentences above,书 shū book and
  你的衬衫 nǐ de chènshān</p>
  <p>your shirt are placed at the beginning of the sentence. The
  resultative word 给 gěi to is</p>
  <p>71Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>followed by a person: 小王 Xiǎo Wáng and the resultative word 到
  dào to is followed by a</p>
  <p>place: 你的卧室 nǐ de wòshì your bedroom.</p>
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