123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148 |
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub=
- "http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
- <head>
- <meta name="generator" content=
- "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" />
- <title></title>
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="../Styles/main.css" />
- </head>
- <body>
- <p>Notional passive (without 被, 让, 叫 and 给)</p>
- <p>6. A notional passive sentence is formed without the co-verbs
- 被 bèi 让 ràng 叫 jiào and 给</p>
- <p>gěi. Let‟s use the examples that we have used in the previous
- section to form some notional</p>
- <p>passive sentences.</p>
- <p>93Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>我 的 车</p>
- <p>wǒ de chē</p>
- <p>2011</p>
- <p>verb + other elements</p>
- <p>开</p>
- <p>回 家 去了</p>
- <p>kāi</p>
- <p>huí jiā qù le</p>
- <p>My car has been driven back home.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>电 视</p>
- <p>diànshì</p>
- <p>verb + other elements</p>
- <p>修</p>
- <p>好了</p>
- <p>xiū hǎo le</p>
- <p>The TV has been mended.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>房间</p>
- <p>fángjiān</p>
- <p>verb + other elements</p>
- <p>打 扫 得 很 干 净</p>
- <p>dǎsǎo de hěn gānjìng</p>
- <p>The room has been cleaned up very nicely.</p>
- <p>As the subjects in the above examples cannot carry out actions
- themselves, then we assume</p>
- <p>that the actions must have been undertaken by someone else. In
- fact this sentence pattern is</p>
- <p>very useful for describing how an object has been dealt with.
- For example:</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>书</p>
- <p>shū</p>
- <p>verb + other elements</p>
- <p>放 在 桌 子 上</p>
- <p>了</p>
- <p>fàng zài zhuōzi shàng le</p>
- <p>The book has been put on the table.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>饭</p>
- <p>fàn</p>
- <p>verb + other elements</p>
- <p>拿 上</p>
- <p>楼 去了</p>
- <p>ná shàng lóu qù le</p>
- <p>The meal has been brought upstairs.</p>
- <p>The verb components in the notional passive are very similar
- to those of the 被 bèi</p>
- <p>construction. They are action verbs with other elements, as
- shown below.</p>
- <p>94Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
- <p>2011</p>
- <p>--resultative complements</p>
- <p>--directional complements</p>
- <p>--the complement of degree</p>
- <p>--action measures</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>饭</p>
- <p>fàn</p>
- <p>verb + resultative complement</p>
- <p>作</p>
- <p>好 了</p>
- <p>zuò</p>
- <p>hǎo le</p>
- <p>The book has been put on the table.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>饭</p>
- <p>fàn</p>
- <p>verb + directional complement</p>
- <p>拿</p>
- <p>上</p>
- <p>楼 去 了</p>
- <p>ná</p>
- <p>shàng lóu qù le</p>
- <p>The meal has been brought upstairs.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>房间</p>
- <p>fángjiān</p>
- <p>verb + complement of degree</p>
- <p>打 扫 得 很 干 净</p>
- <p>dǎsǎo de hěn gānjìng</p>
- <p>The room has been cleaned up very nicely.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>课文</p>
- <p>kèwén</p>
- <p>verb + action measure</p>
- <p>念 了 两 遍</p>
- <p>niàn le liǎng biàn</p>
- <p>The text has been read twice.</p>
- <p>没 méi not can be used to deny that the above actions have
- taken place, but 不 bu is used</p>
- <p>with the complement of degree.</p>
- <p>95Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>饭</p>
- <p>fàn</p>
- <p>2011</p>
- <p>méi verb + resultative complement</p>
- <p>没 作</p>
- <p>好</p>
- <p>méi zuò</p>
- <p>hǎo</p>
- <p>The meal hasn’t been prepared.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>饭</p>
- <p>fàn</p>
- <p>méi verb + directional complement</p>
- <p>没 拿 上</p>
- <p>楼 去</p>
- <p>méi ná shàng lóu qù</p>
- <p>The meal hasn’t been brought upstairs.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>房 间</p>
- <p>fángjiān</p>
- <p>verb + complement of degree (bu)</p>
- <p>打扫 得 不 很 干 净</p>
- <p>dǎsǎo de bu hěn gānjìng</p>
- <p>The room hasn’t been cleaned up very nicely.</p>
- <p>sbject</p>
- <p>课文</p>
- <p>kèwén</p>
- <p>méi verb + action measure</p>
- <p>没 念 两 遍</p>
- <p>méi niàn liǎng biàn</p>
- <p>The text hasn’t been read twice. (It implies that the text may
- only have been read once, or</p>
- <p>possibly three times.)</p>
- </body>
- </html>
|