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Chinese-ctcfl.ox.ac.uk


			
				
					
						
						
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  <p>Conjunctions</p>
  <p>I will introduce ten of the most commonly used Chinese
  conjunctions in this section.</p>
  <p>Chinese</p>
  <p>要是... 就...</p>
  <p>...要不...</p>
  <p>只要...就...</p>
  <p>只有...才...</p>
  <p>因为...所以...</p>
  <p>不但...而且...</p>
  <p>虽然...但是...</p>
  <p>Pinyin</p>
  <p>yàoshì...jiù...</p>
  <p>...yàobú...</p>
  <p>zhǐyào... jiù...</p>
  <p>zhǐyǒu... cái...</p>
  <p>yīnwèi... suǒyǐ...</p>
  <p>búdàn... érqiě...</p>
  <p>suīrán... dànshì...</p>
  <p>English</p>
  <p>if...then...</p>
  <p>otherwise</p>
  <p>as long as...; provided that...</p>
  <p>only...; only when...</p>
  <p>because ...therefore...</p>
  <p>not only...but also...</p>
  <p>although......</p>
  <p>96Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>除了...以外...</p>
  <p>越...越... chúle... yǐwài,...</p>
  <p>yuè... yuè...</p>
  <p>一...就... yī... jiù...</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>apart from...</p>
  <p>the more/less... the more/less it</p>
  <p>becomes</p>
  <p>as soon as ... then...</p>
  <p>Sentence patterns 1 - 4 above are conditional
  constructions.</p>
  <p>1. 要是 yàoshì... 就 jiù... if...then... A condition is placed
  after 要是 yàoshì and is</p>
  <p>followed by the 就 jiù clause which indicates the consequence
  of the condition. The adverb</p>
  <p>就 jiù must be placed before verbs or stative verbs. For
  example, a parent might say to a child:</p>
  <p>要 是 你 学 好</p>
  <p>汉 语, 我 就 给 你 很 多 钱。</p>
  <p>yàoshì nǐ xué hǎo Hànyǔ, wǒ jiù gěi nǐ hěn duō qián</p>
  <p>If you learn Chinese well, I’ll give you a lot of money.</p>
  <p>2. ...要不 yàobú...otherwise. The clause that precedes 要不 yàobú
  indicates a required</p>
  <p>condition and an undesirable result is placed after 要不 yàobú
  otherwise. For example, a</p>
  <p>strict parent might say to a child:</p>
  <p>你 应该</p>
  <p>学</p>
  <p>好</p>
  <p>汉语, 要 不 我 不 给 你 钱。</p>
  <p>nǐ yīnggāi xué hǎo Hànyǔ, yàobu wǒ bù gěi nǐ qián</p>
  <p>You should learn Chinese well, otherwise I won’t give you any
  money.</p>
  <p>3. 只要 zhǐyào...就 jiù... as long as...; provided that...The 只要
  zhǐyào clause is used to</p>
  <p>introduce a condition that can be easily achieved, or is a
  minimum requirement, and the 就</p>
  <p>jiù clause introduces the outcome of the condition. The adverb
  就 jiù must be placed before</p>
  <p>verbs or stative verbs. For example, a lenient parent might
  say to his or her child:</p>
  <p>只要 你 学 汉 语, 我 就 给 你 很 多</p>
  <p>钱。</p>
  <p>zhǐyào nǐ xué Hànyǔ, wǒ jiù gěi nǐ hěn duō qián</p>
  <p>As long as you learn Chinese, I’ll give you a lot of
  money.</p>
  <p>97Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>4. 只有 zhǐyǒu...才 cái...only...The 只有 zhǐyǒu clause is used to
  introduce a</p>
  <p>condition that is hard to achieve, and the 才 cái clause
  introduces the outcome of the</p>
  <p>condition. The adverb 才 cái must be placed before verbs or
  stative verbs. For</p>
  <p>example, if a parent desperately wants his or her child to
  learn Chinese well he or she</p>
  <p>might say:</p>
  <p>5.</p>
  <p>只有</p>
  <p>你 把 汉语 学 好, 我 才 给 你 钱。</p>
  <p>zhǐyǒu nǐ bǎ Hànyǔ xué hǎo, wǒ cái gěi nǐ qián</p>
  <p>Only when you have learned Chinese well will I give you
  money.</p>
  <p>5. 因为 yīnwèi...所以 suǒyǐ... because...therefore... A friend
  might want to know why a</p>
  <p>parent has given a lot of money to her child. The parent might
  say:</p>
  <p>因 为 他 学 好 了 汉 语, 所 以 我 给 他 很 多</p>
  <p>钱。</p>
  <p>yīnwèi tā xué hǎo le Hànyǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ gěi tā hěn duō qián</p>
  <p>As he has learned Chinese well, I’ve given him a lot of
  money.</p>
  <p>6. 不但 búdàn...而且 érqiě... not only...but also... 不但 búdàn and
  而且 érqiě can be</p>
  <p>placed before the subject or the verb of their clauses: this
  depends on the emphasis required.</p>
  <p>If the emphasis is on the subject then they should be placed
  before the subject; if the emphasis</p>
  <p>is on the action then they should be placed before the verb.
  After completing his Chinese</p>
  <p>degree, the student has got his reward from his parent. He
  might say:</p>
  <p>我 不但</p>
  <p>学 会 了汉 语, 而且 拿 到 了 很 多 钱。</p>
  <p>wǒ búdàn xué huì le Hànyǔ, érqiě nádào le hěnduō qián</p>
  <p>I’ve not only learned Chinese, but have also got a lot of
  money.</p>
  <p>The following example shows 不但 búdàn and 而且 érqiě are used for
  emphasizing the</p>
  <p>subjects. As the material reward scheme is very successful,
  the parent's youngest son wants to</p>
  <p>98Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>learn Chinese as well.</p>
  <p>不 但 大儿子 学 了 汉 语,而 且 小</p>
  <p>儿子也 要 学</p>
  <p>汉 语。</p>
  <p>búdàn dà érzi xué le Hànyŭ érqiě xiăo érzi yě yào xué
  Hànyŭ</p>
  <p>Not only the oldest son studied Chinese, but also the youngest
  son would like to learn Chinese</p>
  <p>as well.</p>
  <p>7. 虽然 suīrán...但是 dànshì...Although..., ... The 虽然 suīrán
  although clause should</p>
  <p>precede 但是 dànshì clause. Unlike the English „although‟
  construction, the second clause</p>
  <p>should always start with 但是 dànshì or 可是 kěshì but... For
  example, if the parent breaks</p>
  <p>her promise and doesn‟t give money to the student, the student
  might say:</p>
  <p>我 虽然 学 好 了</p>
  <p>汉 语, 但 是 没 拿 到 钱。</p>
  <p>wǒ suīrán xué hǎo le Hànyǔ, dànshì méi nádào qián</p>
  <p>Although I’ve learned Chinese well, I haven’t got the money
  (that was promised).</p>
  <p>8. 一 yī...就 jiù...as soon as ... then...This construction is
  used to express the idea of a</p>
  <p>second action immediately following the first action. Both 一
  yī and 就 jiù should be</p>
  <p>followed by verbs. The aspect 了 le is not used in the 一 yī
  clause. For example:</p>
  <p>他一 学 完</p>
  <p>tā yì xué wán</p>
  <p>汉 语 他 爸爸 就 给 了 他 很 多</p>
  <p>钱。</p>
  <p>Hànyǔ , tā bàba jiù gěi le tā hěn duō qián</p>
  <p>As soon as he completed the Chinese course, his father gave
  him a lot of money.</p>
  <p>9. 越 yuè...越 yuè... the more... the more. The conditional
  clause following the first 越</p>
  <p>yuè shows the extent of the feeling, state or action; the
  second 越 yuè clause shows the</p>
  <p>result. 越 yuè should always be placed before a verb, stative
  verb or adverb. However, 越</p>
  <p>yuè precedes the result of an action with a complement of
  degree. For example:</p>
  <p>99Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>汉 语 越</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>学 越 容 易。</p>
  <p>Hànyǔ yuè xué yuè róngyi</p>
  <p>The more one studies Chinese, the easier it becomes.</p>
  <p>我 学 得 越</p>
  <p>多</p>
  <p>拿 到 的 钱 越 多。</p>
  <p>wǒ xué de yuè duō ná dào de qián yuè duo</p>
  <p>The more I learn the more money I get .</p>
  <p>我 拿 到 的 钱 越</p>
  <p>多</p>
  <p>越 想</p>
  <p>学。</p>
  <p>wǒ ná dào de qián yuè duo yuè xiǎng xué</p>
  <p>The more money I get, the more I want to learn.</p>
  <p>10. 除了 chúle...以外 yǐwài, ... Apart from...The 除了 chúle...以外
  yǐwài clause can be</p>
  <p>followed by clauses with the following adverbs.: 还 hái in
  addition, 又 yòu again; in</p>
  <p>addition, 也 yě also, 都 dōu all. For example:</p>
  <p>除 了 汉 语 以 外,我 还 学 了 日语。</p>
  <p>chúle Hànyǔ yǐ wài,</p>
  <p>wǒ hái xué le Rì yǔ</p>
  <p>Apart from Chinese, I’ve learned Japanese.</p>
  <p>除 了 学 生</p>
  <p>以 外,老 师 也 在 这儿 喝酒。</p>
  <p>chúle xuésheng yǐ wài, lǎoshi yě lài zhèr hē jiǔ</p>
  <p>Apart from students, teachers also come here to drink.</p>
  <p>除 了 丁</p>
  <p>云</p>
  <p>以 外,大家 都 来 上</p>
  <p>课 了。</p>
  <p>chúle Dīng Yún yǐ wài, dàjiā dōu lái shàng kè le</p>
  <p>Everyone came to the lesson apart from Ding Yun.</p>
  <p>100Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>除 了 他 给 我 的 那 杯 酒 以 外,我 又 喝了 一杯。</p>
  <p>chúle tā gěi wǒ de nà bēi jiǔ yǐ wài, wǒ yòu hē le yì bēi</p>
  <p>I had another glass of wine, as well as the one that he gave
  me.</p>
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