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  7.   <title>Negative adjectives with "-si le"</title>
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  12.   <h1>Negative adjectives with <span class="hanzist">死了</span> "<span class="pinyinst">-sǐ le</span>"</h1>
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  13. 

  14.   <p>In English, you might use the expression "you scared me to death!" In Chinese, <span class="hanzi">死了</span> (<span class="pinyin">sǐ le</span>) is used similarly to intensify an adjective with an unpleasant connotation.</p>
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  16.   <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_3">Contents</h2>
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  18.   <div class="contents">
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  19.     <ul>
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  20.       <li><a href="#Structure"> 1 Structure</a></li>
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  21. 

  22.       <li><a href="#Examples"> 2 Examples</a></li>
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  23. 

  24.       <li><a href="#The-Short-Form"> 3 For positive connotations</a></li>
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  25. 

  26.       <li><a href="#See-also"> 4 See also</a></li>
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  27. 

  28.       <li><a href="#Sources-and-further-reading"> 5 Sources and further reading</a> 
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  29. 

  30.       <ul>
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  31.         <li><a href="#books"> 5.1 Books</a></li>
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  32. 

  33.         <li><a href="#videos"> 5.2 Videos</a></li>
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  34.       </ul></li>
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  35.     </ul>
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  36.   </div>
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  37. 

  38.   <h2 id="structure">Structure</h2>
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  39. 

  40.   <p>The "Subject" part below is actually optional, you can still make your over-the-top exclamations without it.</p>
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  41. 

  42.   <div class="deux">
    43. 

  43.     <p>Adj. + <span class="hanzist">死了</span></p>
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  44.   </div>
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  45. 

  46.   <p>This structure is technically a kind of degree complement.</p>
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  47. 

  48.   <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
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  49. 

  50.   <div class="exemple">
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  51.     <ul>
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  52.       <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="fondvert">饿</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "hungry to death"</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <span class="fondvert">è</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span><br/> I'm starving!</li>
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  53. 

  54.       <li><span class="hanzi">今天 <span class="fondvert">累</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "tired to death"</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Jīntiān <span class="fondvert">lèi</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>Today was so exhausting!</li>
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  55. 

  56.       <li><span class="hanzi"><span class="fondvert">热</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>！</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "hot to death"</span><br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="fondvert">Rè</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>It's ridiculously hot!</li>
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  57. 

  58.       <li><span class="hanzi">这 几 天 <span class="fondvert">忙</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "busy to death"</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Zhè jǐ tiān <span class="fondvert">máng</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>It's been so terribly busy these days!</li>
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  59. 

  60.       <li><span class="hanzi">这 件 衣服 <span class="fondvert">丑</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "ugly to death"</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn yīfu <span class="fondvert">chǒu</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>This clothing is totally hideous!</li>
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  61. 

  62.       <li><span class="hanzi">你 的 房间 <span class="fondvert">脏</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "dirty to death"</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐ de fángjiān <span class="fondvert">zāng</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>Your room is absolutely filthy!</li>
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  63. 

  64.       <li><span class="hanzi"><span class="fondvert">吵</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>！</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "noisy to death"</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="fondvert">Chǎo</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>It's so terribly noisy!</li>
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  65. 

  66.       <li><span class="hanzi">这里 的 东西 <span class="fondvert">贵</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "expensive to death"</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Zhèlǐ de dōngxi <span class="fondvert">guì</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span> </span> <br/>The things here are criminally expensive!</li>
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  67. 

  68.       <li><span class="hanzi">我们 都 <span class="fondvert">急</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "anxious to death"</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <span class="fondvert">jí</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span> </span> <br/>We are all so terribly anxious!</li>
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  69. 

  70.       <li><span class="hanzi">这 个 孩子 <span class="fondvert">烦</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "annoying to death"</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Zhège háizi <span class="fondvert">fán</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span> </span> <br/>This kid is so freaking annoying!</li>
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  71.     </ul>
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  72.   </div>
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  73. 

  74.   <p>None of these sentences actually refers to someone dying. Instead the word <span class="hanzi">死了</span> (<span class="pinyin">sǐ le</span>) and the structure is simply used to intensify an adjective. Notice how these are awkward to translate into English; the translations above took a number of different angles to create the same impact as <span class="hanzi">-死了</span> (<span class="pinyin">sǐ le</span>) does in Chinese. You might say that <span class="hanzi">-死了 </span>(<span class="pinyin">sǐ le</span>) is much more versatile in Chinese than the English expression "to death."</p>
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  75. 

  76.   <h2 id="for-positive-connotations">For Positive Connotations</h2>
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  77. 

  78.   <p>Traditionally, <span class="hanzi">-死了</span> (sǐ le) is only for adjectives with negative connotations, while positive connotations use a similar degree complement, 极了 (jí le). In recent years, however, it's become quite popular to also use <span class="hanzi">-死了</span> (<span class="pinyin">sǐ le)</span> with positive adjectives:</p>
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  79. 

  80.   <div class="exemple">
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  81.     <ul>
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  82.       <li><span class="hanzi">哇，<span class="fondvert">可爱</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span> ！</span> <br/><span class="vert">Literally, "cute to death" </span><br/><span class="pinyin">Wā, <span class="fondvert">kě'ài</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>OMG, adorbs!</li>
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  83. 

  84.       <li><span class="hanzi"><span class="fondvert">漂亮</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span> ！</span> <br/><span class="vert">Literally, "pretty to death" </span><br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="fondvert">Piàoliang</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span> <br/>Drop-dead gorgeous!</li>
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  85. 

  86.       <li><span class="hanzi">这 个 蛋糕 <span class="fondvert">好吃</span> <span class="fondjaune">死了</span>。</span><br/><span class="vert">Literally, "delicious to death" </span><br/><span class="pinyin">Zhège dàngāo <span class="fondvert">hǎochī</span> <span class="fondjaune">sǐ le</span>!</span><br/> This cake is to die for!</li>
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  87.     </ul>
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  88.   </div>
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  89. 

  90.   <h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
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  91. 

  92.   <ul>
    93. 

  93.     <li><a href="Degree_complement" title="wikilink">Degree complement</a></li>
    94. 

  94. 

  95.     <li><a href="Adjectival_complement_&quot;de_hen&quot;" title="wikilink">Adjectival complement "de hen"</a></li>
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  96. 

  97.     <li><a href="Positive_adjectives_with_&quot;-ji_le&quot;" title="wikilink">Positive adjectives with "-ji le"</a></li>
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  98.   </ul>
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  99. 

  100.   <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
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  101. 

  102.   <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
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  103. 

  104.   <ul>
    105. 

  105.     <li>New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (<span class="hanzi">新实用汉语课本4</span>) (p. 104)</li>
    106. 

  106. 

  107.     <li>Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (p. 139)</li>
    108. 

  108. 

  109.     <li>Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (p. 105)</li>
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  110. 

  111.     <li>Yufa!</li>
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  112.   </ul>
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  113. </body>
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