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ChineseGrammarWiki


			
				
					
						
						
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<p>You will often come across 因为……所以…… (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ...) in both
written and spoken Chinese. This pattern will give your Chinese a
clear logical structure, and can help make you more persuasive.</p>
<h2 id="using-因为-yīnwèi-by-itself-to-explain-causes">Using 因为
(yīnwèi) by Itself to Explain Causes</h2>
<p>A common way to explain causes in Chinese is with 因为 (yīnwèi).
This is equivalent to "because" in English. Usually 因为 (yīnwèi)
will begin a new phrase in a sentence.</p>
<h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
<p>In this structure, we first state the result, and then give the
reason in the next statement after the 因为 (yīnwèi).</p>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Result, 因为 + Reason</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>他 学 得 很 快， <em>因为</em> 他 很 聪明。<span class="pinyin">Tā xué de
hěn kuài, <em>yīnwèi</em> tā hěn cōngming.</span><span class=
"trans">He learns fast because he is smart.</span></li>
<li>我 爱 吃 四川 菜， <em>因为</em> 很 辣。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ ài chī
Sìchuān cài, <em>yīnwèi</em> hěn là.</span> <span class="trans">I
love eating Sichuan food because it's very spicy.</span></li>
<li>我 在 学习 中文 ， <em>因为</em> 我 想 去 中国。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài
xuéxí Zhōngwén, <em>yīnwèi</em> wǒ xiǎng qù
Zhōngguó.</span><span class="trans">I am studying Chinese because I
want to go to China.</span></li>
<li>我 不 喜欢 她，<em>因为</em> 她 不 友好。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bù xǐhuan
tā, <em>yīnwèi</em> tā bù yǒuhǎo.</span><span class="trans">I don't
like her because she is very unfriendly.</span></li>
<li>今天 我们 很 忙，<em>因为</em> 有 很 多 工作。<span class="pinyin">Jīntiān
wǒmen hěn máng, <em>yīnwèi</em> yǒu hěn duō gōngzuò.</span>
<span class="trans">We are very busy today because we have lots of
work.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="using-所以-suǒyǐ-by-itself-to-explain-results">Using 所以
(suǒyǐ) by Itself to Explain Results</h2>
<p>Just as 因为 (yīnwèi) can be used to explain causes, 所以 (suǒyǐ)
can be used to explain results. This is the equivalent of "so…" or
"therefore…" in English.</p>
<h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
<p>This pattern is similar to the expression using both 因为 (yīnwèi)
and 所以 (suǒyǐ), but it leaves out the beginning 因为 (yīnwèi). This
structure is more informal.</p>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Reason, 所以 + Result</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>汉字 太 难 了，<em>所以</em> 我 不 想 学 。<span class="pinyin">Hànzì tài
nán le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒ bù xiǎng xué.</span><span class=
"trans">Chinese characters are too hard, so I don't want to study
them.</span></li>
<li>她 很 漂亮，<em>所以</em> 很 多 男孩 喜欢 她。<span class="pinyin">Tā hěn
piàoliang, <em>suǒyǐ</em> hěn duō nánhái xǐhuan
tā.</span><span class="trans">She is beautiful, so a lot of boys
like her.</span></li>
<li>他 找到 工作 了， <em>所以</em> 很 高兴。<span class="pinyin">Tā zhǎodào
gōngzuò le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> hěn gāoxìng.</span><span class=
"trans">He found a job so he's happy.</span></li>
<li>我 太 忙 了，<em>所以</em> 没有 时间 给 你 打 电话。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ tài
máng le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> méiyǒu shíjiān gěi nǐ dǎ
diànhuà.</span><span class="trans">I was too busy, so I didn't have
time to give you a call.</span></li>
<li>我们 公司 有 很 多 外国人，<em>所以</em> 我们 要 说 英文。<span class=
"pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hěn duō wàiguó rén, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒmen
yào shuō Yīngwén.</span><span class="trans">There are a lot of
foreigners in our company, so we need to speak English.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="using-因为-yīnwèi-and-所以-suǒyǐ-together">Using 因为 (yīnwèi)
and 所以 (suǒyǐ) Together</h2>
<p>The full pattern 因为……所以…… (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ...) is used to
clearly indicate cause and effect. They could be thought of as
equating to: "Since ___ happened, so ___ happened." It sounds weird
to use both "since" and "so" in one sentence in English, but it
makes everything crystal clear in Chinese.</p>
<h3 id="structure-2">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>因为 + Cause, 所以 + Effect</p>
</div>
<p>This expresses that because of <em>cause</em>, therefore there
is a <em>result</em>.</p>
<h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li><em>因为</em> 我 有 一个 中国 女朋友，<em>所以</em> 我 要 学 中文。<span class=
"pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> wǒ yǒu yī gè Zhōngguó nǚpéngyou,
<em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén.</span><span class="trans">Since
I have a Chinese girlfriend, I need to study Chinese.</span></li>
<li><em>因为</em> 他 生病 了，<em>所以</em> 没 去 上课。 <span class=
"pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> tā shēngbìng le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> méi qù
shàngkè.</span><span class="trans">Since he was sick, he didn't go
to class.</span></li>
<li><em>因为</em> 我 很 累，<em>所以</em> 要 休息。<span class=
"pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> wǒ hěn lèi, <em>suǒyǐ</em> yào
xiūxi.</span><span class="trans">I'm very tired, so I want to
rest.</span></li>
<li><em>因为</em> 太 远 了，<em>所以</em> 我 不 想 去。<span class=
"pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> tài yuǎn le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒ bù xiǎng
qù.</span><span class="trans">Since it's too far, I don't want to
go.</span></li>
<li><em>因为</em> 太 忙， <em>所以</em> 我们 没有 时间 吃 中饭。 <span class=
"pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> tài máng, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒmen méiyǒu
shíjiān chī zhōngfàn.</span><span class="trans">We were too busy,
so none of us had time to eat lunch.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Stating_the_effect_before_the_cause" title=
"wikilink">Stating the effect before the cause</a> (advanced
article)</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
reading</h2>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide"
title="wikilink">Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical
Guide</a> (pp. 272-4) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0415700108">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar" title=
"wikilink">Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar</a> (p. 79) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399373&amp;creativeASIN=1933330899">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)</a> (p.
108) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276385">
→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
<ul>
<li>Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: <a href=
"http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0201.html">How to
use 因为 and 由于</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="Category:A2_grammar_points" title=
"wikilink">Category:A2 grammar points</a></p>
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