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ChineseGrammarWiki


			
				
					
						
						
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<p>Both 再 (zài) and 又 (yòu) express the duplication of an action
and can be roughly translated in English to "again." However, 再 is
used to express actions that have not yet occurred (the "future
again") and 又 is used for actions that have already occurred (the
"past again"). They're not interchangeable.</p>
<h2 id=
"再-is-used-to-express-repetition-of-an-action-in-the-future">再 is
used to express repetition of an action in the future</h2>
<p>再 is used to express something that <a href=
"Again_in_the_future_with_&quot;zai&quot;" title="wikilink">has
already happened and will happen again</a>.</p>
<h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 再 + Verb + Obj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我们 下次 <em>再</em> 来 这里 吧。<span class="trans">We will come here
again next time.</span></li>
<li>你 <em>再</em> 帮 我 打印 两 张，这些 不 够。<span class="trans">You will
help me print two sheets, these aren't enough.</span></li>
<li>请 <em>再</em> 说 一次。<span class="trans">Please say it one more
time.</span></li>
<li>请 <strong>又</strong> 说 一次。<span class="expl">Since it is asking
about a future action, you can't use "又"</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="再-can-be-used-to-say-another">再 can be used to say
"another"</h2>
<p>Aside from expressing the repetition of an action, <a href=
"Again_in_the_future_with_&quot;zai&quot;" title="wikilink">再 can
also be used to express the equivalent of the English word
"another"</a>.</p>
<h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 再 + Verb + Obj.</p>
</div>
<p>Note that the "Object" mentioned above is usually also going to
have an 一 and a <a href="measure_word" title="wikilink">measure
word</a> in front of it. You'll see that in the examples below.</p>
<h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我 要 <em>再</em> 看 一部 电影。<span class="trans">I am going to watch
another movie.</span></li>
<li>我 得 <strong>又</strong> 写 一篇 作文。<span class="expl">Since it is
about the future, you can't use "又"</span></li>
<li>你 可以 <em>再</em> 做 一碗 面条 吗。<span class="trans">You can make
another bowl of noodles.</span></li>
<li>我 要 <strong>又</strong> 吃 一块 蛋糕。<span class="expl">Since it is
about the future, you can't use "又"</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="再-can-be-used-to-say-and-then">再 can be used to say "and
then"</h2>
<p><a href="Sequencing_with_&quot;xian&quot;_and_&quot;zai&quot;"
title="wikilink">再 can be used with 先 to express sequential
order</a>. (ex. Do this....and then this....) In some cases, 再 can
appear by itself to simply mean "and then." While this doesn't
sound so easy to confuse with 又, it's actually quite common for
intermediate learners to misunderstand this use of 再 as meaning
"again," so it's definitely worth mentioning here.</p>
<h3 id="structure-2">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + (先) + Action 1 + 再 + Action 2</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我们 <strong>先</strong> 做 作业 <em>再</em> 去 酒吧。<span class=
"trans">First we'll do our work, then we'll go to the
bar.</span></li>
<li>我 <strong>先</strong> 买 房子 <em>再</em> 结婚。<span class=
"trans">First I'll buy a house, then I'll get married.</span></li>
<li>我们 买完 饮料 以后 <em>再</em> 看 电影。<span class="trans">After we buy a
drink, then we'll go to a movie.</span></li>
<li>我们 回家 <em>再</em> 讨论 好 吗？<span class="trans">We discuss it after
we go home, OK?</span></li>
<li>我 要 看 完 书 <em>又</em> 睡觉。<span class="expl">'"又"can not be used
as the action"go to bed" haven't occured yet.</span></li>
<li>你 <strong>先</strong> 吃饭 <em>又</em> 打 电话 給 父母。<span class=
"expl">"又" does not sequence events.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id=
"又-is-used-to-express-repetition-of-an-action-that-has-already-occurred-in-the-past">
又 is used to express repetition of an action that has already
occurred in the past</h2>
<p>又 is used in declarative sentences and describes the <a href=
"Again_in_the_past_with_&quot;you&quot;" title="wikilink">simple
repetition of actions</a>. This repeated action has already
occurred once in the past.</p>
<h3 id="structure-3">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 又 + Verb + 了</p>
</div>
<h3 id="example">Example</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>你 怎么 <em>又</em> 给 我 打 电话，什么事？<span class="trans">You keep
calling me, what's the matter?</span></li>
<li>这 个 老 男人 <em>又</em> 来 了。<span class="trans">This old man came
again.</span></li>
<li>他 <em>又</em> 不 来 上课 了，老师 可能 罚 他。<span class="trans">He didn't
come to class again. The teacher is probably going to punish
him.</span></li>
<li>你 为什么 <em>又</em> 看 这本书？ 你 已经 看过 了。<span class="trans">Why are
you reading that book again？ You already read it.</span></li>
<li>昨天 他 <strong>再</strong> 喝醉 了<span class="expl">"再" is not used
for past events.</span></li>
<li>昨天 我 <strong>再</strong> 看 电影 了<span class="expl">"再" is not
used for past events.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id=
"又-adds-emotional-coloring-to-events-recurring-in-the-future">又
adds emotional coloring to events recurring in the future</h2>
<p>又 is sometimes used to express that something that has happened
before is going to happen in the immediate future. In this case, it
usually appears with 要 (yào), 可以 (kěyǐ), 能 (néng), or 是 (shì). This
usage often expresses exasperation or impatience with something
happening <em>yet <strong>again</strong></em>, but sometimes it's
more neutral, or even happy.</p>
<h3 id="structure-4">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 又 + 助动词 / 谓语动词 + Obj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="example-1">Example</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>明天 <em>又</em> <strong>要</strong> 开会，真 烦 人 。<span class=
"trans">We're having ANOTHER meeting tomorrow. So
annoying!</span></li>
<li>你 <em>又</em> <strong>要</strong> 辞职 了 ？ 为什么 ？ <span class=
"trans">You're going to resign again? Why?</span></li>
<li>夏天 快 到 了，<em>又</em> <strong>可以</strong> 吃 冰淇淋 了 ！ <span class=
"trans">It's almost summer, and we can eat ice cream
again!</span></li>
<li>明天 <em>又</em> <strong>是</strong> 星期一 ！ <span class=
"trans">Tomorrow is Monday again.</span></li>
<li>如果 我 能 瘦 一些，我 就 <em>又</em> <strong>能</strong> 穿 我 最 喜欢 的 牛仔裤 啦
！ <span class="trans">If I can slim down a bit, I can wear my
favorite jeans again!</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="both-再-and-又-have-other-uses-as-well">Both 再 and 又 have
other uses as well</h2>
<p>The comparisons above are the cases where 又 and 再 are most
easily confused. This wiki also has other uses of both,
however:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="%E5%8F%88" title="wikilink">All uses of 又</a></li>
<li><a href="%E5%86%8D" title="wikilink">All uses of 再</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Sequencing_with_&quot;xian&quot;_and_&quot;zai&quot;"
title="wikilink">Sequencing with "xian" and "zai"</a></li>
<li><a href="Again_in_the_future_with_&quot;zai&quot;" title=
"wikilink">Again in the future with "zai"</a></li>
<li><a href="Again_in_the_past_with_&quot;you&quot;" title=
"wikilink">Again in the past with "you"</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
reading</h2>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1</a> (pp. 157)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276792">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)"
title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)</a> (pp.
202) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=756191251X">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1</a> (pp. 157)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276792">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2</a> (pp. 288)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0887276881">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)"
title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)</a> (pp.
202) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=756191251X">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)</a> (pp.
258-9) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276385">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2</a> (pp. 19-20)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0887276881">
→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
<ul>
<li>Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: <a href=
"http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0212.html">Using
再 and 又</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="Category:grammar_comparison" title=
"wikilink">Category:grammar comparison</a></p>
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