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- <p>If you are trying to explain what you did after a certain event,
- you might want to use "以后" (yǐhòu) or "之后" (zhīhòu). After all,
- they do both mean "after," right? Well, it turns out that there are
- a few rules that you need to be aware of before you use them.</p>
- <h2 id="similarity">Similarity</h2>
- <p>Both indicates another event happened after a special time.
- these two words share a structure, so it is easy to see how they
- would be easily confused. Here's the structure:</p>
- <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <p>Subj. + Special Time + 以后／之后 + Action</p>
- </div>
- <p>In situations where you have already done something and then
- after that you did something else, you can use "以后." The
- stipulation with this is that the time has to be explicitly said.
- That is, there has to be a time for "以后" to modify. Otherwise the
- sentence won't make sense.</p>
- <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li>下 过 雨 <em>以后</em>/ <em>之后</em> 空气 会 好 很 多 。<span class=
- "pinyin">Xià guo yǔ <em>yǐhòu</em> / <em>zhīhòu</em> kōngqì huì hǎo
- hěn duō.</span><span class="trans">After it rains, the air will be
- a lot better.</span></li>
- <li>结婚 <em>以后</em>/ <em>之后</em>他们 有 了 两 个 宝宝 。 <span class=
- "pinyin">Jiéhūn <em>yǐhòu</em> / <em>zhīhòu</em> tāmen yǒu le liǎng
- gè bǎobǎo.</span><span class="trans">After getting married, they
- had two babies.</span></li>
- <li>等 我 涨 工资 <em>以后</em>/ <em>之后</em>请 你 吃饭 。 <span class=
- "pinyin">Děng wǒ zhǎng gōngzī <em>yǐhòu</em> / <em>zhīhòu</em> qǐng
- nǐ chīfàn.</span><span class="trans">After I get a raise, I will
- treat you to a meal.</span></li>
- <li>听到 这 个 消息 <em>以后</em>/ <em>之后</em> ，我 高兴 得 一 晚 上 没 睡 。
- <span class="pinyin">Tīngdào zhè gè xiāoxi <em>yǐhòu</em> /
- <em>zhīhòu</em>, wǒ gāoxìng de yī wǎn shàng méi
- shuì.</span><span class="trans">After I heard this news, I was so
- happy I couldn't sleep the whole night.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="differences">Differences</h2>
- <p>Now you might be thinking, "But <a href="After_a_specific_time"
- title="wikilink">'以后' means afterwards</a>, why doesn't that work?"
- In this case, "以后" is just used to talk about <a href=
- "In_the_future_in_general" title="wikilink">the future in
- general</a>. The meaning that you're probably thinking of comes
- from the first structure above.</p>
- <h3 id="以后">以后</h3>
- <h4 id="structure-1">Structure</h4>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <p>以后，Comment</p>
- </div>
- <h4 id="examples-1">Examples</h4>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li><em>以后</em> 再 也 不 来 这里 吃饭 了 ， 又 贵 又 难吃 。 <span class=
- "pinyin"><em>Yǐhòu</em> zài yě bù lái zhèlǐ chīfàn le, yòu guì yòu
- nánchī.</span><span class="trans">In the future I will never come
- to this place to eat again. It's expensive and the food is not
- good.</span></li>
- <li><em>以后</em> 我 可能 会 去 国外 上 大学 。 <span class=
- "pinyin"><em>Yǐhòu</em> wǒ kěnéng huì qù guówài shàng
- dàxué.</span><span class="trans">In the future I might go to
- college abroad.</span></li>
- <li><em>以后</em> 的 事情 <em>以后</em> 再 说 吧 。 <span class=
- "pinyin"><em>Yǐhòu</em> de shìqing <em>yǐhòu</em> zài shuō
- bā.</span><span class="trans">We'll talk about future things some
- time later.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h3 id="之后">之后</h3>
- <p>Compared to "以后," "之后" is a little more free. Not only can it
- happen in the same place, <a href=
- "Before_and_after_with_"zhiqian"_and_"zhihou""
- title="wikilink">modifying the time</a>, but it can also appear
- just on its own, meaning something along the lines of "then." While
- "以后" is dependent on the time, "之后" can stand by itself.</p>
- <h4 id="structure-2">Structure</h4>
- <p>There is another structure that only works with "之后":</p>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <p>Subj. + Event， 之后 + Action</p>
- </div>
- <h4 id="examples-2">Examples</h4>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li>我 要 先 回家 把 东西 放 下 ， <em>之后</em> 去 咖啡店 找 你 。 <span class=
- "pinyin">Wǒ yào xiān huí jiā bǎ dōngxi fàng xià, <em>zhīhòu</em> qù
- kāfēidiàn zhǎo nǐ.</span><span class="trans">I'm going to go home
- and drop my stuff off first, then go to the cafe to look for
- you.</span></li>
- <li>去年 夏天 他 来 过 我 家 ， <em>之后</em> 再 也 没 见 到 他 。 <span class=
- "pinyin">Qùnián xiàtiān tā lái guò wǒ jiā, <em>zhīhòu</em> zài yě
- méi jiàn dào tā.</span><span class="trans">Last summer, he came to
- my house. After that, I haven't seen him.</span></li>
- <li>房子 涨价 <em>之后</em> ， 越 来 越 多 的 人 开始 买 房 。 <span class=
- "pinyin">Fángzi zhǎngjià <em>zhīhòu</em>, Yuè lái Yuè duō de rén
- kāishǐ mǎi Fáng.</span><span class="trans">After prices went up,
- more and more people started buying houses.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="right-or-wrong">Right or Wrong</h2>
- <h4 id="examples-3">Examples</h4>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li>我 六 点 下班，<em>以后</em>，我 去 跟 朋友 吃饭。<span class="expl">Since there
- is nothing that "以后" modifies, this sentence doesn't
- work.</span></li>
- <li>我 六 点 下班，<em>之后</em>，我 去 跟 朋友 吃饭。<span class="expl">"之后" works
- in this sentence.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ liù diǎn xiàbān,
- <em>zhīhòu</em>, wǒ qù gēn péngyou chīfàn.</span><span class=
- "trans">I will get off work at six o'clock, and after that I will
- meet with a friend to eat dinner.</span></li>
- <li>昨天 <strong>我 跟 朋友 吃 完 饭</strong><em>以后</em>去 了 酒吧。<span class=
- "pinyin">Zuótiān wǒ gēn péngyou chī wán fàn <em>yǐhòu</em> qù le
- jiǔbā.</span><span class="trans">Yesterday, when my friends and I
- were done eating, we went to the bar.</span></li>
- <li>昨天 我 跟 朋友 去 吃饭 了，<em>以后</em>，我们 去 酒吧。<span class="expl">Again,
- since there is nothing for "以后" to modify, it's a bad
- sentence.</span></li>
- <li>昨天 我 跟 朋友 去 吃饭 了，<em>之后</em>，我们 去 了 酒吧。<span class=
- "pinyin">Zuótiān wǒ gēn péngyou qù chīfàn le, <em>zhīhòu</em>,
- wǒmen qù le jiǔbā.</span><span class="expl">"之后" works in this
- sentence.</span><span class="trans">Yesterday I ate dinner with a
- friend, and afterward we went to a bar.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="After_a_specific_time" title="wikilink">After a
- specific time</a></li>
- <li><a href="In_the_future_in_general" title="wikilink">In the
- future in general</a></li>
- <li><a href=
- "Before_and_after_with_"zhiqian"_and_"zhihou""
- title="wikilink">Before and after with "zhiqian" and
- "zhihou"</a></li>
- <li><a href="Comparing_"yihou"_and_"houlai""
- title="wikilink">Comparing "yihou" and "houlai"</a></li>
- </ul>
- <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and Further
- Reading</h2>
- <p><strong>NEEDS SOURCES</strong></p>
- <p><a href="Category:grammar_comparison" title=
- "wikilink">Category:grammar comparison</a></p>
- </body>
- </html>
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