ChineseGrammarWiki/Programmes/B2.old/Grammar-wiki-B2-101.txt

{{Grammar Box}}

{{AKA|把字句 ("bǎ"zìjù)|把 construction|preposition 把|disposal construction|pre-transitive 把}}

Once you've gotten the hang of the basic [["Ba" sentence|'''把 (bǎ) sentence''']] pattern, you can start to use it in some more complex and abstract ways.

== Using 把 with 给 ==

This [[给]] is used in oral Chinese to add emphasis to the verb. The 给 is actually fully optional, but it's good to be familiar with this pattern because it's so commonly used in spoken Chinese.

You'll notice a structural similarity to this 给 used with 把, and the [[Expressing passive voice with "gei"|给 used with 被]].

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 把 + Obj. + 给 + Verb Phrase

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

* 我 <em>把</em> 这 事儿 <em>给</em> 忘 了 。<span class="trans">I forgot about this thing.</span>
* 周末 我 <em>把</em> 脏 衣服 <em>给</em> 洗 了 。<span class="trans">On weekends, I wash the dirty clothes.</span>
* 你 能 <em>把</em> 这些 都 <em>给</em> 记住 吗？<span class="trans">Will you be able to remember all of this?</span>
* 他 <em>把</em> 我的 手机 <em>给</em> 摔坏 了 。<span class="trans">He dropped my phone and broke it.</span>
* 妈妈 <em>把</em> 没 用的 东西 都 <em>给</em> 扔了 。<span class="trans">Mom threw away all of the useless things.</span>


</div>

== Using 当作 or 看作 ==

When you want to say that something is treated as something else, use this pattern.

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

<strong>把</strong> + Obj.+ <strong>当成 / 看成 / 当作 / 看作</strong> +⋯⋯

</div>

So what's the difference between using 当成 / 看成 / 当作 / 看作?  Good question. The differences are not huge, but there are a few:

# The 成 versions are a bit less formal than the 作 versions.
#  看成 / 看作 is often followed by a person or specific thing, whereas 当成 / 当作 is more likely to be followed by something more abstract (like 爱).
# The 成 / 作 part of 当成 / 当作 can be dropped in spoken Chinese, whereas the 成 / 作 part of 看成 / 看作 can never be dropped.

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

* 我 一直 <em>把</em> 他 <em>看作</em> 我 哥哥。<span class="trans">I always see him as my older brother.</span>
* 他 <em>把</em> 我家 <em>当作</em> 了 他 自己 家 。<span class="trans">He treated my house like his own.</span>
* 很 多 留学生 都 <em>把</em> 自己 的 中文 老师 <em>当作</em> 朋友。<span class="trans">Many study abroad students treat their Chinese teachers as their friends.</span>
* 孩子 可以 <em>把</em> 家里 的 很多 小 东西 <em>当作</em> 玩具。<span class="trans">Kids treat small things in the house as toys.</span>
* 有的 中国 女生 会 <em>把</em> 喜欢 <em>当成</em> 爱 。<span class="trans"> Some Chinese girls would think about being liked as being in love.</span>
* 很 多 子女 <em>把</em> 父母 的 理想 <em>当作</em>了 自己 的 理想。<span class="trans">Many kids make their parents' ideals their own ideals.</span>

</div>

== Take something seriously with 当回事 ==

当回事 is mostly used in colloquial Chinese. It means to take something seriously or to hold something in high regard. It is usually used with the negative 不.

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

(别 / 不）把 + Obj.1 + 当回事

</div>

<div class="liju">

* 他 从来 不 <em>把</em> 老板 的 话 <em>当回事</em>。<span class="trans">He never took what his boss said seriously.</span>
* 你 这个 人 总是 太 <em>把</em> 自己 <em>当回事</em> 了。<span class="trans">You take yourself too seriously.</span>
* 有的 父母 从 不 <em>把</em> 孩子 的 一些 小 问题 <em>当回事</em>! <span class="trans"> Some parents never take their kids' problems seriously.</span>
* 我们 班 有 几 个 学生 从来 不<em>把</em> 老师 的 作业 <em>当回事</em>。<span class="trans"> Our class has a few students who never take the teacher's homework seriously.</span>

</div>

== Using 把 with a verb + 成 ==

In this case, 成 can be translated as "into." 

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

把 + Obj. 1 + Verb + 成 + Obj. 2

</div>

=== Concrete Verb Examples ===

In the first example, we are using concrete verbs such as 切, 做, 分, etc. Obj. 2 would also be concrete.

<div class="liju">

* 请 你 <em>把</em> 这个 蛋糕 <em>切成</em>六块。<span class="trans">Please cut the cake into six parts.</span>
* 我 知道 怎么 <em>把</em> 图片 <em>做成</em>视频。<span class="trans">I know how to make this picture into a video.</span>
* 老师 <em>把</em> 全班 同学 <em>分成</em>了 三个 小组。<span class="trans">The teacher broke the whole class' students up into three small groups.</span>

</div>

===Abstract Verb Examples ===

In the example below, we are dealing with more abstract verbs. These verbs include 换, 变, 改, 看, 当, 转, etc.

<div class="liju">

* 我 每个 月 都 要 <em>把</em> 这些 美元 <em>换成</em>人民币。<span class="trans">Every month, I have to convert some USD into RMB.</span>
* 他 <em>把</em> 自己 的 家 <em>换成</em>了 他的 工作室。<span class="trans">She converted her house into her workspace.</span>
* 你 能 <em>把</em> 这个 文件 的 格式<em>转成</em>PDF吗？<span class="trans">Can you convert this file into a PDF.</span>
* 韩国 政府 <em>把</em> “汉城” <em>改成</em>了 “首尔”。<span class="trans">The South Korean government changed the capital name from Hanseong to Seoul.</span>
* 请 你 <em>把</em>这些 句子<em>翻译成</em>中文。<span class="trans">Please translate these sentences into Chinese.</span>

</div>

=== Mistaken Perception Examples===

The example below is when somebody mistakes something for something else. This can be either mishearing, misspelling, seeing something as something else, etc. These verbs include 看, 听, 写, 记, etc. 

<div class="jiegou">

把 + Obj. 1 + Perception Verbs 

</div>

<div class="liju">

* 他 <em>把</em> “太“ <em>看成</em>了“大”。<span class="trans">He saw 太 as 大.</span>
* 你 刚才 <em>把</em> “政府” <em>读成</em>了 “丈夫” 。<span class="trans">Just now you read 政府 as 丈夫.</span>
* 我 常常 <em>把</em> “自己” 的 “己” <em>写成</em>“已经” 的 “已”。<span class="trans">Just now you read 政府 as 丈夫.</span>
* 你 是不是 <em>把</em> “派对” <em>听成</em>了 “排队”？<span class="trans">Just now you read 派对 as 排队.</span>
* 对不起，我 <em>把</em> 早上的面试 <em>记成</em>了下午。<span class="trans">Sorry, I wrote the morning interview down for this afternoon.</span>

</div>

==See also==

*[[Result complement]]
*[[Direction complement]]
*[[Bei sentence]]
*[[Aspect particles]]

== Sources and further reading ==

=== Books ===

{{Source|A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)|469-70}} 
* [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 53-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy] 
* [[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)]] (pp. 167-81) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
* [[Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)]] (pp. 3-5) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7802006473 →buy] 
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 142-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy] 
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 225-7, 321-3) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
* [[Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar]] (pp. 482) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103 →buy] 
* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 354-5) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy] 
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2) ]] (pp. 41-2, 88) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy] 
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) ]] (pp. 15, 51, 101-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）]] (pp. 369-70, 384, 398-9)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== Websites ===

* Mandarin Essential Grammar (Yale): [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/ba/grammar/ba.htm 把 Construction]
* CTCFL (Oxford): [http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Ba.htm The 把 Construction]
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-magic-word-%E6%8A%8A Qing Wen - The Magic Word 把] (free podcast content)
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E6%8A%8A-humbug Qing Wen - 把 Humbug] (free podcast content)
* FluentU: [http://www.fluentu.com/chinese/blog/2015/04/01/mandarin-chinese-ba/ The Definite Guide to the Chinese Ba Construction]
* Mandarin Online: [http://xmmandarinonline.com/2010/10/grammar-the-ba3-sentence/ 把字句]
* Just Learn Chinese (blog): [http://justlearnchinese.com/lesson-10-how-to-understand-and-use-pattern-%E2%80%9C-%E6%8A%8A-%E2%80%9D-in-chinese/ Lesson 10 How to understand and use Chinese sentence pattern “…把…”?]

[[Category:Structures]]
[[Category:Prepositions]]
[[Category:Particles]]
{{Rel char|把}}
{{Similar|Aspect particles}}
{{Similar|Bei sentence}}
{{Similar|Direction complement}}
{{Basic Grammar|把|B2|把 + Noun + Verb⋯⋯|我 没有 <em>把</em> 它 当回事。|grammar point|ASGQRS3P}}
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
{{Used for|Expressing passive voice}}
{{Used for|Sentence Patterns}}