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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2. 

  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    3. 

  3. <head>
    4. 

  4. <meta name="generator" content=
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  5. "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" />
    6. 

  6. <title></title>
    7. 

  7. </head>
    8. 

  8. <body>
    9. 

  9. <p>Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A
    10. 

  10. characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有.</p>
    11. 

  11. <h2 id="completed-verbs">Completed Verbs</h2>
    12. 

  12. <p>In the Chinese language, there are verbs called “completed
    13. 

  13. verbs.” These verbs are usually followed by a compliment, as they
    14. 

  14. are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past
    15. 

  15. tense.</p>
    16. 

  16. <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
    17. 

  17. <div class="jiegou">
    18. 

  18. <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.</p>
    19. 

  19. </div>
    20. 

  20. <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
    21. 

  21. <div class="liju">
    22. 

  22. <ul>
    23. 

  23. <li>你 <em>有</em> 说 错 这 句 话 。<span class="trans">You said this
    24. 

  24. sentence wrong.</span></li>
    25. 

  25. <li>老板 <em>有</em> 学 会 上海话 。<span class="trans">The boss studied the
    26. 

  26. Shanghai dialect.</span></li>
    27. 

  27. <li>我们 <em>有</em> 听 懂 你的 话 。<span class="trans">I understood what
    28. 

  28. you said.</span></li>
    29. 

  29. <li>我 <em>有</em> 看到 她 跟 你 前男友 在 一起。<span class="trans">I saw her
    30. 

  30. and your ex-boyfriend together.</span></li>
    31. 

  31. <li>我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭。<span class="trans">We all heard the
    32. 

  32. baby cry.</span></li>
    33. 

  33. </ul>
    34. 

  34. </div>
    35. 

  35. <h2 id="action-verbs">Action Verbs</h2>
    36. 

  36. <p>There are also verbs categorized as “action verbs.” In Taiwanese
    37. 

  37. Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually
    38. 

  38. indicates that the verb is still continuing.</p>
    39. 

  39. <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
    40. 

  40. <div class="jiegou">
    41. 

  41. <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.</p>
    42. 

  42. </div>
    43. 

  43. <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
    44. 

  44. <div class="liju">
    45. 

  45. <ul>
    46. 

  46. <li>我 <em>有</em> 吃 药，可是 感冒 还是 美好 。<span class="trans">I have taken
    47. 

  47. medicine, but my cold hasn’t gotten better.</span></li>
    48. 

  48. <li>他 <em>有</em> 告诉 我 你的 电话 号码 。<span class="trans">He has told me
    49. 

  49. your phone number.</span></li>
    50. 

  50. <li>我 <em>有</em> 考虑 你 提的 建议。<span class="trans">I have considered
    51. 

  51. the suggestion you proposed.</span></li>
    52. 

  52. <li>她 <em>有</em> 拿 你的 钱 吗？<span class="trans">Has she taken your
    53. 

  53. money?</span></li>
    54. 

  54. </ul>
    55. 

  55. </div>
    56. 

  56. <h2 id="adj.-that-follow-有-with-到">Adj. that follow 有 with 到</h2>
    57. 

  57. <p>Adjectives can also follow 有. These adjectives are all in the
    58. 

  58. past tense, with a 到 following the adjective.</p>
    59. 

  59. <h3 id="structure-2">Structure</h3>
    60. 

  60. <div class="jiegou">
    61. 

  61. <p>Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到</p>
    62. 

  62. </div>
    63. 

  63. <h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
    64. 

  64. <div class="liju">
    65. 

  65. <ul>
    66. 

  66. <li>第一次 做 这么 多 运动，真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class=
    67. 

  67. "trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so
    68. 

  68. tired.</span></li>
    69. 

  69. <li>他 突然 提出 跟 我 分手，我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong>
    70. 

  70. 。<span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so
    71. 

  71. hurt.</span></li>
    72. 

  72. <li>你 买 了 那么 多 二手 家具，<em>有</em> 省 <strong>到</strong> 吗？<span class=
    73. 

  73. "trans">You bought so many second-hand furniture. Does it save you
    74. 

  74. a lot of money?</span></li>
    75. 

  75. <li>你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来，我 真的<em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong>
    76. 

  76. ！<span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming
    77. 

  77. loudly. I was so scared!</span></li>
    78. 

  78. <li>这 家 店 今天 全场 打 一 折，我 买 了 好 多，<em>有</em> 赚
    79. 

  79. <strong>到</strong>！<span class="trans">Everything in this store is
    80. 

  80. 90% off today. I bought a lot. It was so cheap!</span></li>
    81. 

  81. </ul>
    82. 

  82. </div>
    83. 

  83. <h2 id="adj.-not-in-the-past-tense-using-有">Adj. not in the past
    84. 

  84. tense using 有</h2>
    85. 

  85. <p>Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past
    86. 

  86. tense.</p>
    87. 

  87. <h3 id="structure-3">Structure</h3>
    88. 

  88. <div class="jiegou">
    89. 

  89. <p>Subj. + 有 + Adj.</p>
    90. 

  90. </div>
    91. 

  91. <h3 id="examples-3">Examples</h3>
    92. 

  92. <div class="liju">
    93. 

  93. <ul>
    94. 

  94. <li>你 跟 你 妈妈 <em>有</em> 像 耶 ！<span class="trans">You and your mom
    95. 

  95. look alike!</span></li>
    96. 

  96. <li>他 那天 <em>有</em> 生气。<span class="trans">He was angry the other
    97. 

  97. day.</span></li>
    98. 

  98. <li>我 <em>有</em> 紧张 吗？<span class="trans">Was I
    99. 

  99. nervous?</span></li>
    100. 

  100. <li>她 当然 <em>有</em> 失望，你 又 忘了 她 的 生日！<span class="trans">Of course
    101. 

  101. she was disappointed. You forgot her birthday again!</span></li>
    102. 

  102. <li>你 那么 大声 说话，我们 都 <em>有</em> 害怕。<span class="trans">We were all
    103. 

  103. scared when you shout at us.</span></li>
    104. 

  104. </ul>
    105. 

  105. </div>
    106. 

  106. <h2 id="了-after-the-verb">了 after the verb</h2>
    107. 

  107. <p>When adding a 了after the verb, you’re stressing that the action
    108. 

  108. is completed.</p>
    109. 

  109. <h3 id="structure-4">Structure</h3>
    110. 

  110. <div class="jiegou">
    111. 

  111. <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + 了</p>
    112. 

  112. </div>
    113. 

  113. <h3 id="examples-4">Examples</h3>
    114. 

  114. <div class="liju">
    115. 

  115. <ul>
    116. 

  116. <li>我 刚才 <em>有</em>上 厕所 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I
    117. 

  117. just now finished using the restaurant.</span></li>
    118. 

  118. <li>他 <em>有</em> 吃 中饭 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">He
    119. 

  119. finished eating lunch.</span></li>
    120. 

  120. <li>老板 早上<em>有</em> 喝 咖啡 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">The
    121. 

  121. boss drank coffee this morning.</span></li>
    122. 

  122. <li>我 <em>有</em> 发 微信 给 你 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I
    123. 

  123. already sent you a WeChat.</span></li>
    124. 

  124. <li>我们 昨晚 <em>有</em> 吵架 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">We
    125. 

  125. fought last night.</span></li>
    126. 

  126. </ul>
    127. 

  127. </div>
    128. 

  128. <h2 id="过-after-the-verb">过 after the verb</h2>
    129. 

  129. <h3 id="structure-5">Structure</h3>
    130. 

  130. <div class="jiegou">
    131. 

  131. <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.</p>
    132. 

  132. </div>
    133. 

  133. <h3 id="examples-5">Examples</h3>
    134. 

  134. <div class="liju">
    135. 

  135. <ul>
    136. 

  136. <li>我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国。<span class="trans">I have
    137. 

  137. been to China.</span></li>
    138. 

  138. <li>他 <em>有</em> 吃 <strong>过</strong> 小笼包。<span class="trans">He
    139. 

  139. has eaten steamed dumplings.</span></li>
    140. 

  140. <li>你 <em>有</em> 见 <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗？<span class=
    141. 

  141. "trans">Have you seen that person before?</span></li>
    142. 

  142. <li>我 <em>有</em> 做 <strong>过</strong> 这样 的 工作。<span class="trans">I
    143. 

  143. have done work like this before.</span></li>
    144. 

  144. <li>你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗？<span class=
    145. 

  145. "trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span></li>
    146. 

  146. <li>你 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 中文？<span class="trans">Have
    147. 

  147. you ever studied Chinese?</span></li>
    148. 

  148. <li>你 <em>有</em> 看 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 电影 吗？<span class=
    149. 

  149. "trans">Have you seen this movie?</span></li>
    150. 

  150. <li>我 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词。<span class="trans">I
    151. 

  151. have studied this word.</span></li>
    152. 

  152. <li>我 <em>有</em> 用 <strong>过</strong> 电脑，我 会 用。<span class=
    153. 

  153. "trans">I have used a computer before, I can use it.</span></li>
    154. 

  154. <li>我 <em>有</em> 买 <strong>过</strong> 这里 的 巧克力，不 好吃。<span class=
    155. 

  155. "trans">I have bought the chocolate here, it's not
    156. 

  156. good.</span></li>
    157. 

  157. </ul>
    158. 

  158. </div>
    159. 

  159. <h2 id="在-after-有">在 after 有</h2>
    160. 

  160. <p>In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to
    161. 

  161. the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually
    162. 

  162. referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped.
    163. 

  163. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action.</p>
    164. 

  164. <h3 id="structure-6">Structure</h3>
    165. 

  165. <div class="jiegou">
    166. 

  166. <p>Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb</p>
    167. 

  167. </div>
    168. 

  168. <h3 id="examples-6">Examples</h3>
    169. 

  169. <div class="liju">
    170. 

  170. <ul>
    171. 

  171. <li>那 时候 你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 工作 吗？<span class=
    172. 

  172. "trans">At that time, were you working?</span></li>
    173. 

  173. <li>这家 店 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 卖 小孩子的 衣服 吗？<span class=
    174. 

  174. "trans">Is this store selling children’s clothes?</span></li>
    175. 

  175. <li>我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class=
    176. 

  176. "trans">I am considering breaking up with her.</span></li>
    177. 

  177. <li>我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。 <span class="trans">My
    178. 

  178. mom is a vegetarian.</span></li>
    179. 

  179. <li>你的 学生 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 写 日记 吗？ <span class=
    180. 

  180. "trans">Do your students write diaries?</span></li>
    181. 

  181. </ul>
    182. 

  182. </div>
    183. 

  183. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
    184. 

  184. reading</h2>
    185. 

  185. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
    186. 

  186. <ul>
    187. 

  187. <li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title=
    188. 

  188. "wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (pp.
    189. 

  189. 59-60) <a href=
    190. 

  190. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0415372615">
    191. 

  191. →buy</a></li>
    192. 

  192. <li><a href=
    193. 

  193. "Chinese_Grammar_Without_Tears_(%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C)"
    194. 

  194. title="wikilink">Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)</a>
    195. 

  195. (pp. 73-4) <a href=
    196. 

  196. "http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;asin=B0041UGAJU&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU">
    197. 

  197. →buy</a></li>
    198. 

  198. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title=
    199. 

  199. "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (pp.
    200. 

  200. 83- 4) <a href=
    201. 

  201. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276709">
    202. 

  202. →buy</a></li>
    203. 

  203. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1" title=
    204. 

  204. "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1</a> (pp. 345-7)
    205. 

  205. <a href=
    206. 

  206. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276792">
    207. 

  207. →buy</a></li>
    208. 

  208. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2" title=
    209. 

  209. "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2</a> (pp. 49-51)
    210. 

  210. <a href=
    211. 

  211. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0887276881">
    212. 

  212. →buy</a></li>
    213. 

  213. <li><a href="Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide"
    214. 

  214. title="wikilink">Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical
    215. 

  215. Guide</a> (pp. 76-7, 230-2) <a href=
    216. 

  216. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0415700108">
    217. 

  217. →buy</a></li>
    218. 

  218. <li><a href=
    219. 

  219. "New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2)"
    220. 

  220. title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)</a> (pp.
    221. 

  221. 175-6) <a href=
    222. 

  222. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=7561911297">
    223. 

  223. →buy</a></li>
    224. 

  224. <li><a href=
    225. 

  225. "40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89"
    226. 

  226. title="wikilink">40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course
    227. 

  227. (基础汉语40课上册）</a> (p. 188)<a href=
    228. 

  228. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=allset-20">→buy</a></li>
    229. 

  229. </ul>
    230. 

  230. <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
    231. 

  231. <ul>
    232. 

  232. <li>ChinesePod: <a href=
    233. 

  233. "http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo">Qing Wen - 过(guo)</a>
    234. 

  234. (free podcast content)</li>
    235. 

  235. <li><a href=
    236. 

  236. "http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/60384/1/101501.pdf">
    237. 

  237. 1</a></li>
    238. 

  238. </ul>
    239. 

  239. <p><a href="Category:B2_grammar_points" title=
    240. 

  240. "wikilink">Category:B2 grammar points</a> <a href=
    241. 

  241. "Category:Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="wikilink">Category:Taiwanese
    242. 

  242. Mandarin</a></p>
    243. 

  243. </body>
    244. 

  244. </html>
    245.