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<head>
  <title>Structure of numbers</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../Styles/main.css"/>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>Structure of numbers</h1>

  <p>Chinese handles numbers in a very consistent and logical way. Once you've mastered just a few tricky parts, you will know how to read out any number in Chinese.</p>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_63">Contents</h2>

  <div class="contents">
    <ul>
      <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#One_to_one_hundred"> 1 One to one hundred</a> 

      <ul>
        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Structure_for_the_first_ten"> 1.1 Structure for the first ten</a></li>

        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Structure_for_teens"> 1.2 Structure for teens</a></li>

        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Structure_for_tens"> 1.3 Structure for tens</a></li>

        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Examples"> 1.4 Examples</a></li>
      </ul></li>

      <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#After_one_hundred"> 2 After one hundred</a> 

      <ul>
        <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Dealing_with_Zeroes"> 2.1 Dealing with Zeroes</a></li>

        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Examples_2"> 2.2 Examples</a></li>

        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#For_numbers_110_and_greater"> 2.3 For numbers 110 and greater</a></li>

        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Examples_3"> 2.4 Examples</a></li>
      </ul></li>

      <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#After_one_thousand"> 3 After one thousand</a> 

      <ul>
        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Examples_4"> 3.1 Examples</a></li>
      </ul></li>

      <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#10.2C000_and_beyond"> 4 10,000 and beyond</a></li>

      <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#See_also"> 5 See also</a></li>

      <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Sources_and_further_reading"> 6 Sources and further reading</a> 

      <ul>
        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_numbers#Books"> 6.1 Books</a></li>
      </ul></li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_64">One to one hundred</h2>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_65">Structure for the first ten</h3>

  <p>You just have to memorize these ten; nothing tricky there.</p>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Numeral
        </th>

        <th>
          Character
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">二</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">èr</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">三</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sān</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">四</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sì</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">五</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">wǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">六</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">liù</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">七</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">qī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">八</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bā</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">九</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jiǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          10
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Phone Numbers</h3>

  <p>Like in American English, Chinese phone numbers are given as a string of individual numbers, using the digits 0-9. The only trick is that the number 1 is often pronounced "<span class="pinyin">yāo</span>" instead of "<span class="pinyin">yī</span>" to avoid confusion with number 7, which is pronounced "<span class="pinyin">qī</span>."</p>

  <div class="example">
    <ul>
      <li>110 Number for the police in the PRC <span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 20px;">yāo yāo líng</span></li>

      <li>120 Number for an ambulance in the PRC <span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 20px;">yāo èr líng</span></li>

      <li>119 Number to report a fire in the PRC <span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 20px;">yāo yāo jiǔ</span></li>

      <li>13501200120 Cell phone numbers are 11 digits in the PRC <span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 20px;">yāo sān wǔ, líng yāo èr líng, líng yāo èr líng</span></li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_66"><span id="Structure_for_teens">Structure for teens</span></h3>

  <div class="deux">
    <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">十</span> + x
  </div>

  <p>Eleven, twelve and the teens are handled very logically. They're formed with <span class="hanzi">十</span> (<span class="pinyin">shí</span>) followed by a digit <span class="hanzi">一</span> (<span class="pinyin">yī</span>) to <span class="hanzi">九</span> (<span class="pinyin">jiǔ</span>). So eleven is <span class="hanzi">十一</span> (<span class="pinyin">shí-yī</span>), twelve is <span class="hanzi">十二</span> (<span class="pinyin">shí-èr</span>), thirteen is <span class="hanzi">十三</span> (<span class="pinyin">shí-sān</span>), and so on up to nineteen, which is <span class="hanzi">十九</span> (<span class="pinyin">shí-jiǔ</span>).</p>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Numeral
        </th>

        <th>
          Character
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          11
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十一</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-yī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          12
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十二</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-èr</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          13
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十三</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-sān</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          14
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十四</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-sì</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          15
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十五</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-wǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          16
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十六</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-liù</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          17
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十七</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-qī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          18
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十八</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-bā</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          19
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十九</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shí-jiǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_67">Structure for tens</h3>

  <p>All the tens are also formed very logically. Twenty is <span class="hanzi">二十</span> (<span class="pinyin">èrshí</span>), thirty is <span class="hanzi">三十</span> (<span class="pinyin">sānshí</span>), and so on. Units in the tens are simply added on the end. So twenty one is <span class="hanzi">二十一</span> (<span class="pinyin">èrshí-yī</span>), thirty four is <span class="hanzi">三十四</span> (<span class="pinyin">sānshí-sì</span>), and ninety-nine is <span class="hanzi">九十九</span> (<span class="pinyin">jiǔshí-jiǔ</span>). All very logical and consistent.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    x + <span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">十</span><br style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;"/>
  </div>

  <div class="deux">
    x + <span class="hanzi">十</span> + y
  </div>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_68">Examples</h3>

  <table class="table big-text table-striped table-bordered">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Numeral
        </th>

        <th>
          Character
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          20
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">二十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">èrshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          23
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">二十三</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">èrshí-sān</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          30
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">三十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sānshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          39
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">三十九</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sānshí-jiǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          40
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">四十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sìshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          44
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">四十四</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sìshí-sì</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          50
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">五十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">wǔshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          73
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">七十三</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">qīshí-sān</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          82
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">八十二</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bāshí-èr</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          97
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">九十七</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jiǔshí-qī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <p>And one hundred is simply <span class="hanzi">一百</span> (<span class="pinyin">yībǎi</span>), as in English. So you now know how to count to one hundred in Chinese.</p>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_69">After one hundred</h2>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_70">Dealing with Zeroes</h3>

  <p>Note: when there's a "0" in the middle of a number, you read it as <span class="hanzi"></span> (<span class="pinyin">líng</span>), and don't put a number after it.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    x + <span class="hanzist">百</span> + <span class="hanzist">零</span> + y
  </div>

  <h3 id="Examples_2">Examples</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Numeral
        </th>

        <th>
          Character
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          101
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一百零一</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yībǎi líng yī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          202
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">二百零二</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">èrbǎi líng èr</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          206
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">二百零六</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">èrbǎi líng liù</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          305
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">三百零五</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sānbǎi líng wǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          407
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">四百零七</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sìbǎi líng qī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          504
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">五百零四</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">wǔbǎi líng sì</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          602
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">六百零二</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">liùbǎi líng èr</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          701
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">七百零一</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">qībǎi líng yī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          803
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">八百零三</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bābǎi líng sān</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          909
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">九百零九</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jiǔbǎi líng jiǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3 id="For_numbers_110_and_greater">For numbers 110 and greater</h3>

  <div class="deux">
    x + <span class="hanzist">百</span> + y + <span class="hanzist">十</span> + z
  </div>

  <p>For numbers greater than <b>100</b>, if the number ends in zero (<b>110</b>, <b>230</b>, <b>370</b>, <b>450</b>, etc.), a number like <b>150</b> can be read as <span class="hanzi">一百五十</span> (<span class="pinyin">yībǎi wǔshí</span>), but is often read as <span class="hanzi">一百五</span> (<span class="pinyin">yībǎi wǔ</span>). In fact, reading it as <span class="hanzi">一百五</span> (<span class="pinyin">yībǎi wǔ</span>) <i>always</i> means <b>150</b>, never <b>105</b>. As described above, <b>105</b> would be read as <span class="hanzi">一百零五</span> (<span class="pinyin">yībǎi líng wǔ</span>).</p>

  <p>For numbers greater than <b>100</b> that end in a number in the teens, it's normal to pronounce the ten as "<span class="pinyin">yīshí</span>" rather than just "<span class="pinyin">shí</span>" (see the examples below).</p>

  <p>Also, sometimes the number <i><b>200</b></i>, or "<span class="hanzi">二百</span>", is pronounced "<span class="pinyin">èrbǎi</span>," and sometimes it is pronounced "<span class="pinyin">liǎngbǎi</span>." Both are OK.</p>

  <h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Numeral
        </th>

        <th>
          Character
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          110
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一百十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yībǎi yīshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          111
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一百一十一</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yībǎi yīshí yī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          210
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">二百一十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">èrbǎi yīshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          350
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">三百五十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sānbǎi wǔshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          480
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">四百八十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sìbǎi bāshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          550
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">五百五十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">wǔbǎi wǔshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          635
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">六百三十五</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">liùbǎi sānshí wǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          777
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">七百七十七</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">qībǎi qīshí qī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          832
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">八百三十二</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bābǎi sānshí èr</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          999
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">九百九十九</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jiǔbǎi jiǔshí jiǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h2 id="After_one_thousand">After one thousand</h2>

  <p><span class="hanzi">千</span> (<span class="pinyin">qiān</span>) means "thousand" in Chinese. Its rules of usage are similar to the rules for "hundred." Just note that no matter how many zeroes are in the middle of the number, you just say <span class="hanzi">零</span> (<span class="pinyin">líng</span>) once.</p>

  <h3 id="Examples_4">Examples</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Numeral
        </th>

        <th>
          Character
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1001
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一千零一</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīqiān líng yī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1010
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一千零一十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīqiān líng yīshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1019
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一千零一十九</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīqiān líng yīshí-jiǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1020
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一千零二十</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīqiān líng èrshí</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1100
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一千一百</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīqiān yībǎi</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1101
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一千一百零一</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīqiān yībǎi líng yī</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1234
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一千二百三十四</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīqiān èrbǎi sānshí-sì</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2345
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">两千三百四十五</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">liǎngqiān sānbǎi sìshí-wǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8765
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">八千七百六十五</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bāqiān qībǎi liùshí-wǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9999
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">九千九百九十九</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jiǔqiān jiǔbǎi jiǔshí-jiǔ</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h2 id="10.2C000_and_beyond">10,000 and beyond</h2>

  <p>Things get a little trickier once you get to 10,000. If you're ready for it, you can move on to big numbers.</p>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_71">See also</h2>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Big_numbers" title="Big numbers" class="mw-redirect">Big numbers</a></li>

    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_dates" title="Structure of dates">Structure of dates</a></li>

    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structure_of_days_of_the_week" title="Structure of days of the week">Structure of days of the week</a></li>

    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_word" title="Measure word">Measure words</a></li>

    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Er%22_and_%22liang%22" title="&quot;Er&quot; and &quot;liang&quot;">"Èr" and "liǎng"</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_72">Sources and further reading</h2>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_73">Books</h3>

  <ul>
    <li>Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (pp. 70-1)　</li>

    <li>Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 273-4)</li>

    <li>Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 15-6)</li>

    <li>New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (<span class="hanzi">新实用汉语课本1</span>) (p. 104)</li>

    <li>New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (<span class="hanzi">新实用汉语课本1</span>)(2nd ed) (p. 122)</li>

    <li>&gt;New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (<span class="hanzi">新实用汉语课本2</span>) (p. 18)</li>

    <li>New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (<span class="hanzi">新实用汉语课本3</span>) (p. 81)</li>
  </ul>
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