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  <title>Expressing close possession without "de"</title>
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  <h1>Expressing close possession without "<span class="pinyinst">de</span>" <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">的</span></h1>

  <p><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_possession_with_%22de%22" title="Expressing possession with &quot;de&quot;">Expressing possession</a> in Chinese is accomplished with the particle <a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%9A%84" title="的">的</a> (<span class="pinyin">de</span>). But sometimes when certain (especially close) relationships are involved, it's more natural to drop the&nbsp;<span class="hanzi">的</span>&nbsp;(<span class="pinyin">de</span>).</p>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_84">Contents</h2>

  <div class="contents">
    <ul>
      <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_close_possession_without_%22de%22#Structure"> 1 Structure</a></li>

      <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_close_possession_without_%22de%22#Examples"> 2 Examples</a></li>

      <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_close_possession_without_%22de%22#See_also"> 3 See also</a></li>

      <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_close_possession_without_%22de%22#Sources_and_further_reading"> 4 Sources and further reading</a> 

      <ul>
        <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_close_possession_without_%22de%22#Books"> 4.1 Books</a></li>
      </ul></li>
    </ul>
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  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_85"><span id="Structure">Structure</span></h3>

  <div class="deux">
    Pronoun + Noun
  </div>

  <p>Normally <a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_possession" title="Expressing possession">possession</a> is expressed with the <a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Particle" title="Particle">particle</a> <span class="hanzi">的</span>&nbsp;(<span class="pinyin">de</span>). However, you can omit <span class="hanzi">的</span>&nbsp;(<span class="pinyin">de</span>) in these cases:</p>

  <ul>
    <li>A close personal relationship (family, close friends, boyfriends/girlfriends) is involved</li>

    <li>An institutional or organizational relationship (school, work) is involved</li>
  </ul>

  <p>In these cases <span class="hanzi">的</span>&nbsp;(<span class="pinyin">de</span>) <b>should be</b> omitted. It doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in.</p>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_86">Examples</h3>

  <div class="exemple">
    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi">我 家 很 大。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiā hěn dà.</span> <br/><br/>My house is very big.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">你 哥哥 很 高 。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Nǐ gēge hěn gāo.</span> <br/>Your big brother is very tall.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">这 是 我 女朋友 。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Zhè shì wǒ nǚpéngyou .</span> <br/>This is my girlfriend.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">她 妈妈 很 漂亮。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā māma hěn piàoliang.</span><br/> Her mom is very pretty.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">我们 学校 很 大 。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào hěn dà.</span> <br/>Our school is big.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">他们 公司 在 北京。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Tāmen gōngsī zài Běijīng.</span> <br/>Their company is in Bejing.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">你 男朋友 很 帅。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Nǐ nán péngyou hěn shuài.</span> <br/>Your boyfriend is very handsome.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">他 儿子 很 有名。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā érzi hěn yǒumíng.</span> <br/>His son is really famous.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">我 女儿 会 说 英语。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ nǚ'ér huì shuō Yīngyǔ.</span> <br/>My daughter can speak English.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">他 爸爸 是 我们 公司 的 老板。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā bàba shì wǒmen gōngsī de lǎobǎn.</span> <br/>His dad is the boss of our company.</li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <p>If <span class="hanzi">的</span> (<span class="pinyin">de</span>) was used in the above examples, it would create an unnatural sense of distance between the two.</p>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_87">See also</h2>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_possession_with_%22de%22" title="Expressing possession with &quot;de&quot;">Expressing possession with "de"</a></li>

    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modifying_nouns_with_adjective_%2B_%22de%22" title="Modifying nouns with adjective + &quot;de&quot;">Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"</a></li>

    <li><a href="https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modifying_nouns_with_phrase_%2B_%22de%22" title="Modifying nouns with phrase + &quot;de&quot;">Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_88">Sources and further reading</h2>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_89">Books</h3>

  <ul>
    <li>Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (p. 76)</li>

    <li>Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (p. 31)</li>

    <li>New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (<span class="hanzi">新实用汉语课本1</span>) (p. 87)</li>
  </ul>
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