eric
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ChineseGrammarWiki


			
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    <h1>B1 grammar points</h1>
 

    <p>"B1" (Intermediate) is the third level as defined by the European Common Framework. It is roughly equivalent to<b> HSK Levels 3-4</b>. </p>
    <p>There are <b>147</b> total grammar points in the list below.</p>

   
        <h2>Contents</h2>


      <ul>
        <li>Parts of Speech </li>
        <ul>
          <li>Adjectives</li>
          <li>Adverbs</li>
          <li>Adverbs with Adjectives</li>
          <li>Auxiliary Words</li>
          <li>Conjunctions</li>
          <li>Nouns</li>
          <li>Particles</li>
          <li>Prepositions</li>
          <li>Verb phrases</li>
          <li>Verbs</li>
        </ul>
        <li>Grammatical Structures</li>
        <ul>
          <li>B1 Core Patterns</li>
          <li>Basic/Simple Sentence Patterns</li>
          <li>Comparison Patterns</li>
          <li>Complements</li>
          <li>Complex Sentence Patterns</li>
          <li>Noun Phrases</li>
        </ul>
        <li>Comparisons 
        <ul>
          <li>Adverbs</li>
          <li>Auxiliary Verbs</li>
          <li>Conjunctions</li>
          <li>Nouns</li>
          <li>Prepositions</li>
          <li>Time Words</li>
        </ul>
	</li>

        <li>See also</li>
      </ul>
    
    <h2>Parts of Speech</h2>

    <h3>Adjectives</h3>


    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>Adjectives with "-ji le"
          </td>

          <td>
            Adj. + 极了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这个 主意 好 极了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>Expressing "not very" with "bu zenme"
          </td>

          <td>
            不怎么 + Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这里 的 菜 他不怎么 好吃！</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Indicating the whole with "quan"
          </td>

          <td>
            全 + Noun
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们全家 都 去 旅游 了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>Reduplication of adjectives
          </td>

          <td>
            Adj. + Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 应该慢慢地 走。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Turning adjectives into adverbs
          </td>

          <td>
            Adj. + 地 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 要 认真地学习。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Adverbs&gt;</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Coincidence with "zhenghao"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 正好 + Verb Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他正好问 了 我 想 问 的 问题 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Continuation with "hai"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 还在 + Verb / Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你还在看 书 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Emphasis with "jiushi"
          </td>

          <td>
            就 (是) + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 父母就是不 让 我 一个人 去 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Emphasizing negation with "you"
          </td>

          <td>
            又 + 不 / 没 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">又没 下雨 ，带 伞 干吗 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "about to" with "jiuyao"
          </td>

          <td>
            还有 + Time Period + 就要 + Verb Phrase + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">还有五 天就要放假了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "again" in the future with "zai"
          </td>

          <td>
            再 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 下 次再来。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "again" in the past with "you"
          </td>

          <td>
            又 + Verb + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你又迟到了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "all along" with "yuanlai"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 原来 + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">原来昨天 那个 人 是 你 啊 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "all at once" with "yixiazi"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 一下子 + Verb + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">天气一下子变 冷了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "almost" using "chadian"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 差点(儿) + (就) + Predicate + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 今天差点儿迟到了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "already" with "dou"
          </td>

          <td>
            都 + Time + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">都九点了，快点 起床 ！</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "always" with "conglai"
          </td>

          <td>
            从来 + 都 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我从来 都是 一个人，已经 习惯了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "as a result" with "jieguo"
          </td>

          <td>
            Reason / Condition ，结果 + Result / Ending
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他 没 好好 复习 ，结果没 通过 考试。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "each other" with "huxiang"
          </td>

          <td>
            互相 + Verb Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">互相帮助</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "enough" with "gou"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 够 + Predicate (+ 了)
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们 买 了 很 多 菜 ，够吃了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "finally" with "zhongyu"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 终于 + Predicate + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你终于到了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "had better" with "haishi"
          </td>

          <td>
            还是 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们还是先 吃饭 吧。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "had better" with "zuihao"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 最好 + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你最好先 休息 一下 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "in this way" with "zheyang"
          </td>

          <td>
            Condition ，这样 + Result / Purpose
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这样做 不 对 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "one by one" with "yi"
          </td>

          <td>
            一 + Measure Word + 一 + Measure Word
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">宝宝一&gt;天一天 在 长大 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "small quantity" with "jiu"
          </td>

          <td>
            就 + Subject + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这 件 事就我 一 个 人 知道 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing duration of inaction
          </td>

          <td>
            Duration + 没 + Verb + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他已经一 个 星期没&gt;洗澡了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing earliness with "jiu"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + Time + 就 + Verb + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 昨晚 八 点 半就睡觉了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing lateness with "cai"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + Time + 才 + Verb-Obj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他 二十五 岁才上 大学 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Sequencing with "xian" and "zai"
          </td>

          <td>
            先⋯⋯ ，再⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">先洗 手 ，再吃饭 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            The opposite of "cha hen duo" is "chabuduo"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 差很多
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">中国 文化 和 西方 文化差 很 多。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "always" as a complaint with "laoshi"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 老是 / 老 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 怎么老是加班 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "cai" for small numbers
          </td>

          <td>
            才 + Number + Measure Word + Noun
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这 个 班才两 个 学生 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "ye" and "dou" together
          </td>

          <td>
            也都 + Verb / Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他们也 都是 法国 人 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Adverbs with Adjectives</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Adjectives with "name" and "zheme"
          </td>

          <td>
            那么 / 这么 + Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 怎么那么忙 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "quite" with "ting"
          </td>

          <td>
            挺 + Adj. + 的
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 男朋友挺帅的。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "rather" with "bijiao"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 比较 + Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这个 问题比较简单 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Auxiliary Words</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Ending a non-exhaustive list with "shenme de"
          </td>

          <td>
            Noun 1, Noun 2 + 什么的
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">明天 去 野餐 ，我们 要 不 要 买 一些 水果 ，零食什么的。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "stuff like that" with "zhileide"
          </td>

          <td>
            像 ⋯⋯ 之类的 + Category
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 喜欢《星球大战》之类的电影 吗 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯ 等 / 等等
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">长城、故宫等地方 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Conjunctions</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            A softer "but" with "buguo"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯ ，不过 ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他 的 汉语 口语 不错 ，不过不 认识 汉字 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "how about" with "yaobu"
          </td>

          <td>
            Reason / Situation，要不 + Sugeestion + 吧
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">下雨 了，要不明天 再 去 吧 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯ ，还有 ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 需要 吃 药 。还有，要 多 休息 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "in addition" with "lingwai"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯ ，另外 ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">希望 你 不要 再 迟到 了。另外，你 应该 穿 得 正式 一点 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "in addition" with "zaishuo"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯ ，再说 ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这么 晚 ，别 走 了 。再说，外面 还 在 下雨 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "then…" with "name"
          </td>

          <td>
            那么⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他 不 听 ，那我 应该 怎么办 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "lai" to connect two verb phrases
          </td>

          <td>
            通过 / 用 + Agent + 来 + Verb Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">用这 种 方法来赚钱 ，真 丢人 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Nouns</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "before" and "after" with "zhiqian" and "zhihou"
          </td>

          <td>
            Event + 之前 / 之后 ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">出国之前，他 和 女朋友 分手了 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "ever since" with "yilai"
          </td>

          <td>
            Time / Event + 以来 ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">今年 八月以来，这里 一直 没 下 过 雨 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "when" with "shi"
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb / Adj. + 时 ( ，) + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">考试时不要 说话 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Sequencing past events with "houlai"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯ ，后来 ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">开始 他 不 同意， 但后来同意了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Particles</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Advanced yes-no questions with "ma"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯吗?
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 要 什么吗?</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Aspect particle "zhe"
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb + 着
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 读 ，你 听着。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing the self-evident with "ma"
          </td>

          <td>
            Statement + 嘛
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">大家 有 话 就 说嘛。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Reviewing options with "ba"
          </td>

          <td>
            Option 1吧 ，⋯⋯ ；Option 2 吧 ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">不 说吧，他 还 会 做 错 ；说吧，他 肯定 不 高兴 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "de" (modal particle)
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯的
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 不 会 骗 你的。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Prepositions</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "about" with "guanyu"
          </td>

          <td>
            关于 + Obj. ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">关于中国 历史 ，我 知道 的 不 多 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "all the way until" with "zhidao"
          </td>

          <td>
            直到 + Time / Event ，Subj. + 才 ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">直到十二 点 半 ，我 才 做 完 作业 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "for" with "gei"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 给 + Recipient + Verb Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">妈妈 在给孩子 们 做饭 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "for" with "wei"
          </td>

          <td>
            为 + Person + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">为人民 服务 ！</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "less than" with "budao"
          </td>

          <td>
            不到 + Number + Measure Word + Noun
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 女儿不到三 岁 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "toward" with "wang"
          </td>

          <td>
            往 + Direction Word
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">往 + Direction / Place + Verb</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "towards" with "xiang"
          </td>

          <td>
            向 + Direction / Person + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 必须向他 道歉！</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Idiomatic phrases with "zai"
          </td>

          <td>
            在 + Topic + 上 ，Subj. ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">在美国 历史上，最重要 的 总统 是 谁 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "dui" with verbs
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">宝宝对我 笑 了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Verbs preceded by "gei"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 给 + Target + Verb + Obj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">现在 不要给他 打 电话 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Verb phrases</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Complement with "dao"
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb + 到 + Time / Event
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 昨天 晚上 工作到十二 点 半 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Doing something less with "shao"
          </td>

          <td>
            少 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">请少放 点 盐 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Doing something more with "duo"
          </td>

          <td>
            多 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">多吃 点 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "must" with "dei"
          </td>

          <td>
            得 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们得走 了 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "not often" with "bu zenme"
          </td>

          <td>
            不怎么 + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 儿子不怎么吃 零食 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing actions in progress (full form)
          </td>

          <td>
            正在 + Verb + 着 + 呢
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我正在吃饭呢。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Measure words for verbs
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb + Number + Measure Word
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">做三次。读两&gt;遍 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Separable verb
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb-Obj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们见 过 面。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Verbs</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Appearance with "kanqilai"
          </td>

          <td>
            看起来⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这 家 餐厅看起来不错 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Causative verbs
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + Causative Verb + Person + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 为什么 不让我 去 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "after" with "jingguo"
          </td>

          <td>
            经过 + Event / Time ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">经过自己 的 努力 ，她 考上 了 北京 大学 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "don't need to" with "buyong"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 不用 + Verb Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">不用担心 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "it depends" with "kan"
          </td>

          <td>
            这 / 那 + 要看 / 得看 + Unclear Situation
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这得 看你 的 时间 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "it seems" with "haoxiang"
          </td>

          <td>
            好像⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他好像是 英国 人 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "mistakenly think that" with "yiwei"
          </td>

          <td>
            以为⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我以为你 不 是 我的 朋友。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "through" with "tongguo"
          </td>

          <td>
            通过 + Agent / Method ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们 是通过他 的 朋友 找到 他 的 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "to come from" with "laizi"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 来自 + Place
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我来自美国。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Making judgments with "suan"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 算 + Adj. + 的
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">在 我们 公司 ，我算年轻 的 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "lai" as a dummy verb
          </td>

          <td>
            (让 +) Subj. + 来
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">让 我来吧。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Verbs followed by "gei"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Somebody
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他送给我 一 束 花 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h2>Grammatical Structures</h2>

    <p>These following are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.</p>

    <h3>B1 Core Patterns</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            The "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details
          </td>

          <td>
            是⋯⋯ 的
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你是怎么 来的？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            The "shi... de" construction for indicating purpose
          </td>

          <td>
            是⋯⋯ 的
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我是来 上海 旅游的。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            The "shi... de" patterns: an overview
          </td>

          <td>
            是⋯⋯ 的
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你是哪个 学校的？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Topic-comment sentences
          </td>

          <td>
            Topic，Comment
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">那 部 电影，看 过 的 人 都 喜欢 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "ba" sentences
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + Obj.+ Verb Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我把 书看 完 了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Using "bei" sentences
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 被 + Doer + Verb Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我被他骗 了 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Basic/Simple Sentence Patterns</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Alternative existential sentences
          </td>

          <td>
            Place + Verb + 着 + Noun Phrase
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">桌子 上 放着一 本 书 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "as one likes" with "jiu"
          </td>

          <td>
            想 + Question Word + 就 + Question Word
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">想去哪儿就去哪儿。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "double negation"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我不是不知道 怎么 做 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"
          </td>

          <td>
            连 + Subj. + 都 (+ 不 / 没) + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你连&gt;小狗都怕 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "every time" with "mei" and "dou"
          </td>

          <td>
            每次 + Event 1 + 都 + Event 2
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">为什么每次 我 来 他都不 在。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "every" with question words
          </td>

          <td>
            Question Word + 都 + Predicate
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">谁都可以 进 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "how often"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 多长时间 + Verb + 一次 (+ Obj.)
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你多长时间剪一 次头发 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "more and more" with "yuelaiyue"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 越来越 + Adj. + 了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">天气越来越冷 了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "multiples" with "bei"
          </td>

          <td>
            A + 是 + B + 的 + Number + 倍
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他 现在 的 工资是两 年 前 的 三倍。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "not at all" with "yidianr ye bu"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 一点 + 也 / 都 + 不 + Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你一点 也 不胖 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "not… but…" with "er shi"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 不是⋯⋯ ，(而)是⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我觉得 这不是麻烦 ，而是机会 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "some" with question words
          </td>

          <td>
            在哪儿 + Verb + 过
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这个 人 我在哪儿见 过 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing not knowing how to do something using "hao"
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 不知道 + Verb Phrase + 好
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 真的不 知道怎么办才好。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing purpose with "weile"
          </td>

          <td>
            为了 + Purpose + Verb
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">为了钱 ，他 什么 都 愿意 做 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Phrases using "laishuo"
          </td>

          <td>
            一般 来说
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">一般 来说，私立 学校 都 比较 贵 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Comparison Patterns</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "compared with" using "gen"
          </td>

          <td>
            跟 + A + 比 (起来) ，⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">跟上海比，北京 的 冬天 比较 干 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "even more" with "geng" or "hai"
          </td>

          <td>
            Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + 更 / 还 + Adj.
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他比姚明还高 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "much more" in comparisons
          </td>

          <td>
            Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. + 多了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">拼音比汉字 容易多了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing comparable degree with "you"
          </td>

          <td>
            A 有 B + Adj. + 吗？
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他有我 帅 吗 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px; color: inherit; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 17.5px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Complements">Complements</span></h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Degree complement
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb + 得⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 做得 不错。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Direction complement
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb (+ Direction) + 来 / 去
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们 走过去吧 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Direction complement "-qilai"
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb / Adj.+ 起来 +了
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">天气 热起来了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Potential complement
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb + 得 / 不 + Complement
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">做得完 / 做不完</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Result complement "xiaqu"
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb + 下去
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这个 故事 太 无聊 了 ，我 听不 下去了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Result complements
          </td>

          <td>
            Verb + 好
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们 吃好了 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Complex Sentence Patterns</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Conceding a point with "shi"
          </td>

          <td>
            Adj. + 是 + Adj.， 但是⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这个 东西 好是好 ，就是太 贵 了 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Events in quick succession with "yi... jiu..."
          </td>

          <td>
            Subj. + 一 + Event 1，就 + Event 2
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他一到 家 ，就去 洗澡 了 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "although" with "suiran" and "danshi"
          </td>

          <td>
            虽然⋯⋯ ，但是 / 可是⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">虽然渴 了，但是不 想 喝 啤酒。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "either... or..." with "yaome"
          </td>

          <td>
            要么⋯⋯，要么⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">要么你 去，要么他 去 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "except" and "in addition" with "chule… yiwai"
          </td>

          <td>
            除了 ⋯⋯ (+ 以外) ，Subj. + 都 ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">除了他 ，我们都去 过 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "if" with "ruguo... dehua"
          </td>

          <td>
            如果⋯⋯ (的话) ，(就) ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">如果明天 下雨的话，我们就不 去 了 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "if..., then..." with "ruguo..., jiu..."
          </td>

          <td>
            如果 ⋯⋯ ，就 ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">如果有 困难 ，就给 我 打 电话 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "no wonder"
          </td>

          <td>
            Reason ，怪不得 / 难怪 + Observation
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">小张 请假 了，难怪今天 没有 看到 他。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "not only... but also"
          </td>

          <td>
            不但⋯⋯，而且⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">他不但聪明，而且勤劳。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "when" with "dengdao"
          </td>

          <td>
            等(到) + Time / Event ，Subj. + 再 / 就 ⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">等到大学 毕业 ，我 就 不 住 在 学校 了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing good luck with "haihao"
          </td>

          <td>
            还好 + Lucky Incident ，不然 + Bad Outcome
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">还好有 你 在 ，不然我 真 不 知道 怎么办 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing various aspects with "yi fangmian"
          </td>

          <td>
            一方面⋯⋯，一方面⋯⋯
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">一 方面他 很 喜欢 这 份 工作 ，一 方面他 又 觉得 工资 太 低 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Noun Phrases</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "all" with "suoyou"
          </td>

          <td>
            所有 (+ 的) + Noun
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 喜欢 吃所有我 妈妈 做 的 菜 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "one of" with "…zhi yi"
          </td>

          <td>
            ⋯⋯之一
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你 是 我 最 好 的 朋友之一。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing "the other" with "lingwai"
          </td>

          <td>
            另外 + Number + Measure Word + Noun
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我 有 两 个 手机 ，一 个 是 小米 ，另一 个 是 iPhone 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Expressing fractions with "fenzhi"
          </td>

          <td>
            Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">在 我们 班 ，外国 学生 占 三分 之一 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Indicating a number in excess
          </td>

          <td>
            Number + 多
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">三 十多岁</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h2>Comparisons</h2>

    <h3>Adverbs</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "changchang" and "jingchang"
          </td>

          <td>
            常常 vs. 经常
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我不 常运动 ，我 需要经常运动 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "gang" and "gangcai"
          </td>

          <td>
            刚 vs. 刚才
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">你刚才去 哪儿 了？我刚回来 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "youdian" and "yidian"
          </td>

          <td>
            有点 vs. 一点
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">这 衣服有点贵 ，便宜一点吧。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Auxiliary Verbs</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "hui" "neng" "keyi"
          </td>

          <td>
            会 vs. 能 vs. 可以
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我会跳舞 。这里 不能跳舞 。我可以请 你 跳舞 吗 ？</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Conjunctions</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "haishi" and "huozhe"
          </td>

          <td>
            还是 vs. 或者
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">我们 明天 见还是后天 见 ？明天或者后天 都 可以 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Nouns</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "renjia" and "bieren"
          </td>

          <td>
            人家 vs. 别人
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">因为人家喜欢 你 啊 。我 不 在乎别人怎么 说 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "zhijian" and “zhongjian"
          </td>

          <td>
            之间 vs. 中间
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">八 点 到 十 点之间我 都 有空 。客厅 的中间有 一 个 沙发 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Prepositions</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "li" and "cong"
          </td>

          <td>
            离 vs. 从
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">从明天 开始，我 不 抽烟 了。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>Time Words</h3>

    <table>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>
            Grammar Point (English)
          </th>

          <th>
            Pattern
          </th>

          <th>
            Examples
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            Comparing "yihou" and "de shihou"
          </td>

          <td>
            以后 vs 的时候
          </td>

          <td>
            <span class="hanzi">打 篮球的 时候会 出 了 很 多 汗 ，所以 打 完 篮球以后我 要 洗澡 。</span>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <h2>See also</h2>

    <ul>
      <li>Grammar Points by Level</li>

      <li>This list in French: Grammaire chinoise niveau B1</li>
    </ul>
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