Grammar-wiki-B2-119.xhtml 8.8 KB

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  11. <p>Both&#160;<span class="hanzi">才</span>&#160;(<span class="pinyin">cái</span>) and&#160;<span class="hanzi">就</span>&#160;(<span class="pinyin">jiù</span>) are adverbs that have to do with expressing time, and they are both placed in front of the verb. However, they have opposite effects on the tone of the sentence, with&#160;<span class="hanzi">才</span>&#160;(<span class="pinyin">cái</span>) implying a=the speaker's sense of lateness, and&#160;<span class="hanzi">就</span>&#160;(<span class="pinyin">jiù</span>) imparting a sense of earliness.</p>
  12. <h2 id="emphasis-with-才">Emphasis with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">才</span></h2>
  13. <h3 id="expressing-lateness-with-cai">Expressing Lateness with "<span class="pinyinst">cái</span>"</h3>
  14. <p><a href="Expressing_lateness_with_&quot;cai&quot;" title="wikilink">才 indicates</a> that the speaker feels that the events discussed happened later than expected. Sometimes it also expresses anxiety, impatience, anger, or other related emotions.</p>
  15. <h4 id="structure">Structure</h4>
  16. <div class="jiegou">
  17. <div class="deux">Subj. + Time Word +&#160;<span class="hanzist">才</span>&#160;+ Verb</div>
  18. </div>
  19. <h4 id="examples">Examples</h4>
  20. <div class="exemple">
  21. <ul>
  22. <li><span class="hanzi">我 等 了 两 个 小时 才 买到 票。</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="trans">I had waited two hours before buying the ticket.</span></li>
  23. <li><span class="hanzi">老板 十一 点 才 到 办公室。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">The boss didn't come to the office until 11 o'clock.</span></li>
  24. <li><span class="hanzi">这个 项目 最少 要 花 两 个 月 才 能 做完。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">It's going to take at least two months to complete this project.</span></li>
  25. </ul>
  26. </div>
  27. <h3 id="expressing-small-quantity-with-cai">Expressing Small Quantity with "<span class="pinyinst" style="font-weight: normal;">cái</span>"</h3>
  28. <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">才</span>&#160;can also mean "<b>only</b>" in the sense of a small quantity.</p>
  29. <h4 id="structure-1">Structure</h4>
  30. <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">才</span>&#160;( + Verb) + Measure Word + Noun</div>
  31. </div>
  32. <h4 id="examples-1">Examples</h4>
  33. <div class="exemple">
  34. <ul>
  35. <li><span class="hanzi">我们 有 这么 多 人,你 才 点 了 三 个 菜。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">We have so many people and you only ordered three dishes.</span></li>
  36. <li><span class="hanzi">我 买 了 这么 多 东西,才 花 了 五百 块 。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">I bought so many things,&#160;</span><span style="font-size: 20px;">and it only cost me 500 RMB.</span></li>
  37. </ul>
  38. </div>
  39. <h3 id="expressing-earliness-with-cai">Expressing earliness with "cai"</h3>
  40. <p><span class="hanzi">"才"表示动作在说话前不久发生,有" 刚、刚刚"的意思。常常跟"就"连用,形容某事发生得很快。</span><br/></p>
  41. <h4 id="structure-2">Structure</h4>
  42. <div class="jiegou">
  43. <div class="deux">Subj. +&#160;<span class="hanzist">才</span>&#160;+ Verb</div>
  44. <p><br/></p>
  45. </div>
  46. <div class="jiegou">
  47. <div class="deux">(<span class="hanzist">现在</span>) +&#160;<span class="hanzist">才</span>&#160;+ Time</div>
  48. </div>
  49. <h4 id="examples-2">Examples</h4>
  50. <div class="exemple">
  51. <ul>
  52. <li><span class="hanzi">你 才 来 就 要 走 ?也 不 多 坐 一会儿 ?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">You just came and you're leaving now?</span></li>
  53. <li><span class="hanzi">电影 才 开始 你 就 不 想 看 了 ?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">The movie just started and you don't want to see it now?</span></li>
  54. <li><span class="hanzi">他 才 毕业 就 找到 了 这么 好 的 工作 ?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">How come he found such a good job while he just graduated from college?</span></li>
  55. <li><span class="hanzi">现在 才 九点 ,再 玩 一会儿 。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">It's only nine o'clock. Stay and hang out a little bit more.</span></li>
  56. <li><span class="hanzi">才 六点 ,起 那么 早 干嘛 ?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">It's only six. Why did you get up so early?</span></li>
  57. </ul>
  58. </div>
  59. <h2 id="emphasis-with-就">Emphasis with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">就</span></h2>
  60. <h3 id="used-to-express-earliness">Used to Express Earliness</h3>
  61. <p><a href="Expressing_earliness_with_&quot;jiu&quot;" title="wikilink">就 indicates</a> that something has occurred earlier than the speaker expected. There may be an accompanying feeling of surprise or amazement.</p>
  62. <h4 id="structure-3">Structure</h4>
  63. <div class="jiegou">
  64. <div class="deux">Subj. + Time +&#160;<span class="hanzist">就</span>&#160;+ Verb + Obj.+<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">了</span></div>
  65. </div>
  66. <h4 id="examples-3">Examples</h4>
  67. <div class="exemple">
  68. <ul>
  69. <li><span class="hanzi">他 下午 四点 就 吃 晚饭 了。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">He ate dinner at four in the afternoon.</span></li>
  70. <li><span class="hanzi">她 十九 岁 就 结婚 了。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">She got married when she was 19.</span></li>
  71. <li><span class="hanzi">我 八点 就 出门 了,路 上 堵车,我 迟到 了 十 分钟。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">I left at eight, but there was a traffic jam. I was ten minutes late.</span></li>
  72. <li><span class="hanzi">你们 这么 早 就 下班 了?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">You guys leaving work so early?</span></li>
  73. <li><span class="hanzi">你 妹妹 十五岁就 上 大学 了?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">Your younger sister started college when she was only fifteen?</span></li>
  74. </ul>
  75. </div>
  76. <h3 id="used-to-express-small-quantity">Used to Express Small Quantity</h3>
  77. <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">就</span>&#160;can be used to mean "<b>only</b>," in the sense of a small quantity.</p>
  78. <h4 id="structure-4">Structure</h4>
  79. <div class="jiegou">
  80. <div class="deux">Subj. +&#160;<span class="hanzist">就</span>&#160;+ (+Verb) + Measure Word + Noun</div>
  81. </div>
  82. <h4 id="examples-4">Examples</h4>
  83. <div class="exemple">
  84. <ul>
  85. <li><span class="hanzi">我们 有 这么 多 人,你 就 点 了 三 个 菜?.</span><br/></li>
  86. <li><span class="hanzi">你们 每天 就 睡 四 个 小时?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">Do you only sleep four hours every day?</span></li>
  87. <li><span class="hanzi">那时候 中国人 都 生 四 五 个 孩子,他们 家 就 生 一 个?</span>&#160;<span class="trans">She got married when she was 19.</span></li>
  88. <li><span class="hanzi">你 这么 大 一个 男人,就 吃 这么 一 小 碗饭?!.</span><br/></li>
  89. <li><span class="hanzi">每 个 人 都 写 了 五页 纸,你 就 写 了 一 页 纸!.</span><br/></li>
  90. </ul>
  91. </div>
  92. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
  93. <ul>
  94. <li><a href="Expressing_lateness_with_&quot;cai&quot;" title="wikilink">Expressing lateness with "cai"</a></li>
  95. <li><a href="Expressing_earliness_with_&quot;jiu&quot;" title="wikilink">Expressing earliness with "jiu"</a></li>
  96. <li><a href="&quot;cai&quot;_used_for_small_numbers" title="wikilink">"cai" used for small numbers</a></li>
  97. <li><a href="&quot;Just&quot;_with_&quot;jiu&quot;" title="wikilink">"Just" with "jiu"</a></li>
  98. <li><a href="Emphasis_with_&quot;jiu&quot;" title="wikilink">Emphasis with "jiu"</a></li>
  99. <li><a href="Expressing_&quot;as_one_likes&quot;_with_&quot;jiu&quot;" title="wikilink">Expressing "as one likes" with "jiu"</a></li>
  100. <li><a href="Expressing_indifference_with_&quot;jiu&quot;" title="wikilink">Expressing indifference with "jiu"</a></li>
  101. <li><a href="Limiting_scope_with_&quot;jiu&quot;" title="wikilink">Limiting scope with "jiu"</a></li>
  102. </ul>
  103. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
  104. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
  105. <ul>
  106. <li>Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (<span class="hanzi">汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级</span>) (p. 107) </li>
  107. </ul>
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