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- <p>Both <span class="hanzi">突然</span> (<span class="pinyin">tūrán</span>) and <span class="hanzi">忽然</span> (<span class="pinyin">hūrán</span>) express the something happens in a very short time or is unexpected. Both can be translated as "<b>unexpectedly</b>" or "<b>surprisingly</b>," however, <span class="hanzi">突然</span> is a bit harsher in tone while <span class="hanzi">忽然</span> is a bit softer. Also, their grammatical features are subtly different, as outlined in this article.</p>
- <h2 id="both-突然-and-忽然-can-be-used-as-adverbs">Both <span class="hanzist">突然</span> and <span class="hanzist">忽然</span> can be used as Adverbs</h2>
- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">突然</span> and <span class="hanzi">忽然</span> both can put in the sentence as <a href="adverb" title="wikilink">adverbs</a> or <a href="adjective" title="wikilink">adjectives</a>, just make sure to put them before the verb or the adjective!</p>
- <h3 id="before-a-verb">Before a Verb</h3>
- <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">突然</span>／<span class="hanzist">忽然</span> + Verb</div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">睡觉 的 时候，我 的 电话突然 响了。</span> <span class="trans">While I was sleeping, my phone suddenly started to ring.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">睡觉 的 时候，我 的 电话忽然 响了。</span> <span class="trans">While I was sleeping, my phone suddenly started to ring.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">他 说着说着突然 不 说 了。</span>  <span class="trans">He was talking and talking, and suddenly stopped.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">他 说着说着忽然 不 说 了。</span>  <span class="trans">He was talking and talking, and suddenly stopped.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h3 id="before-an-adjective">Before an Adjective</h3>
- <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">突然</span>／<span class="hanzist">忽然</span> + Adj.</div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">天 突然 暗 了。</span><br/></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">天 忽然 暗 了。</span> <span style="font-size: 20px;">The sky suddenly got dark.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">灯 突然 不 亮 了。</span><br/></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">灯 忽然 不 亮 了。</span> <span style="font-size: 20px;">The lights suddenly went out</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h3 id="at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence">At the Beginning of a Sentence</h3>
- <p>You can place <span class="hanzi">突然</span> and <span class="hanzi">忽然</span> at the beginning of a sentence, just make sure to add a comma after it!</p>
- <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <div class="deux"><span class="hanzist">突然／忽然，⋯⋯</span><br/></div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">突然，他 进来 了。</span><br/></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">忽然，他 进来 了。</span> <span style="font-size: 20px;">Suddenly, he entered.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="突然-can-be-used-as-an-adjective"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">突然</span> can be used as an Adjective</h2>
- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">突然</span> can be used as an <a href="adjective" class="uri" title="wikilink">adjective</a> (directly modifying <a href="noun" title="wikilink">nouns</a>), while <span class="hanzi">忽然</span> cannot.</p>
- <h3 id="structure-as-an-adjective">Structure as an Adjective</h3>
- <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">突然</span> + (<span class="hanzist">的</span>) + Noun</div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-3">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">这 是 一 场 突然 事故，我们 都 没 想到。</span> <span class="trans">This was a sudden accident. None of us thought it could happen.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">你 知道 怎么 处理 这 种 突然 的 情况 吗？</span> <span class="trans">Do you know how to handle this kind of sudden situation?</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="突然-can-be-used-as-a-complement"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">突然</span> can be used as a complement</h2>
- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">突然</span> as an adjective can also be used as a <a href="complement" class="uri" title="wikilink">complement</a> (called <span class="hanzi">补语</span> in Chinese). <span class="hanzi">忽然</span> cannot be used as a complement.</p>
- <h3 id="structure-for-verb-and-complement">Structure for verb and complement</h3>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <div class="deux">Subj. + Verb + <span class="hanzist">得</span> + <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">突然</span></div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-4">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">事情 发生 得 太 突然，我们 不 知道 怎么 办。</span> <span class="trans">Things happened so suddenly, we didn't know what to do.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">这 场 雨 下 得 太 突然，都 淋湿 了。</span> <span class="trans">This rain fell so suddenly, everything got soaked.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="突然-can-be-used-as-the-predicate"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">突然</span> can be used as the predicate</h2>
- <p>Just like other adjectives, <span class="hanzi">突然</span> can be used as the predicate of a sentence. It is usually added with a modifier like <span class="hanzi">很</span>, <span class="hanzi">非常</span>, <span class="hanzi">不</span> etc. It can also end with <span class="hanzi">得很</span>, <span class="hanzi">得多</span>, <span class="hanzi">极了</span>, etc. complements.</p>
- <h3 id="structure-with-modifier-突然">Structure with modifier + <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">突然</span></h3>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <div class="deux">Subj. + Modifier + <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">突然</span></div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-5">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">这 个 决定 太 突然 了。</span> <span class="trans">This decision was too sudden.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">对 她 来说，这 次 升职 其实 不 突然。</span> <span class="trans">To her, this promotion wasn't actually surprising.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h3 id="structure-with-突然-modifier">Structure with <span class="hanzist">突然</span> + modifier</h3>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <div class="deux">Subj. + <span class="hanzist">突然</span> + Modifier</div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-6">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">离开 上海 突然 得 很。</span> <span class="trans">Leaving Shanghai is really surprising.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">这 次 生病 比 上 次 突然 得 多。</span> <span class="trans">Getting sick this time is much more surprising than the last time.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="example-of-right-and-wrong-sentences">Example of right and wrong sentences</h2>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li>这 个 决定 很 忽然。</li>
- <li>这 个 决定 很 突然。 <span class="vert">突然 can be a predicate, while 忽然 cannot.</span></li>
- <li>一切 发生 得 太 忽然。</li>
- <li>一切 发生 得 太 突然。 <span class="vert">突然 can be a complement, but 忽然 cannot.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="example-dialog">Example Dialog</h2>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li>A: <span class="hanzi">我 正在 睡觉，忽然 电话响了，是 Amy 打 来 的</span>。 <span class="trans">I was sleeping, when suddenly the phone rang. It was Amy.</span></li>
- <li>B: <span class="hanzi">她 说 什么？</span> <span class="trans">What did she say?</span></li>
- <li>A: <span class="hanzi">她 结婚 了。</span> <span class="trans">She got married.</span></li>
- <li>B: <span class="hanzi">啊，这 个 消息 太突然 了。</span> <span class="trans">Oh, this news is really sudden.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
- <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">现代汉语八百词（增订本） (突然 p.540)</span> </li>
- </ul>
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">现代汉语虚词例释 (忽然p.247)</span></li>
- </ul>
- <ul>
- <li>Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (pp. 231-2) </li>
- </ul>
- <ul>
- <li>Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels ()(<span class="hanzi">突然 忽然p.113</span>)</li>
- </ul>
- <h3 id="dictionaries">Dictionaries</h3>
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">现代汉语词典（第5版）</span> (<span class="hanzi">忽然p.574 突然p.1378</span>) </li>
- </ul>
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