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  12. <body>
    13. 

  13.   <p>If you look up&#160;<span class="hanzi">肯定</span>&#160;(<span class="pinyin">kěndìng</span>),&#160;<span class="hanzi">确定</span>&#160;(<span class="pinyin">quèdìng</span>) and&#160;<span class="hanzi">一定</span>&#160;(<span class="pinyin">yīdìng</span>) in the dictionary, they all have similar meanings, like "<b>certain</b>" or "<b>surely</b>." However, using them correctly in a sentence is a bit more complicated.</p>
    14. 

  14. 

  15.   <h2 id="overview-概述">Overview&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">概述</span></h2>
    16. 

  16. 

  17.   <p>So how are these three words words different? We can answer this question from two points of view:</p>
    18. 

  18. 

  19.   <p>1. From a "parts of speech" point of view:</p>
    20. 

  20. 

  21.   <ul>
    22. 

  22.     <li><span class="hanzi">肯定</span>&#160;can be a <b>verb</b>, an <b>adjective</b> and an <b>adverb</b>.</li>
    23. 

  23.   </ul>
    24. 

  24. 

  25.   <ul>
    26. 

  26.     <li><span class="hanzi">确定</span>&#160;can be a <b>verb</b> or an <b>adjective</b>.</li>
    27. 

  27.   </ul>
    28. 

  28. 

  29.   <ul>
    30. 

  30.     <li><span class="hanzi">一定</span>&#160;can be an <b>adjective</b> or an <b>adverb</b>.</li>
    31. 

  31.   </ul>
    32. 

  32. 

  33.   <p>2. From a "significance or meaning" point of view:</p>
    34. 

  34. 

  35.   <ul>
    36. 

  36.     <li><span class="hanzi">肯定</span>&#160;often has a subjective, energetic feel to it. It carries meanings like&#160;<span class="hanzi">认可</span>&#160;(approval),&#160;<span class="hanzi">同意&#160;</span>(<b>agreement</b>), and&#160;<span class="hanzi">保证</span>&#160;(<b>guarantee</b>).</li>
    37. 

  37.   </ul>
    38. 

  38. 

  39.   <ul>
    40. 

  40.     <li><span class="hanzi">确定</span>&#160;carries a feeling of objectively describing a situation. It carries the meaning of&#160;<span class="hanzi">决定</span>&#160;(<b>to decide, to resolve</b>).</li>
    41. 

  41.   </ul>
    42. 

  42. 

  43.   <ul>
    44. 

  44.     <li><span class="hanzi">一定</span>&#160;as an <b>adjective</b> has really broad uses, so you need to pay attention to the specific times it's used in. As an <b>adverb</b>, it is often used to give a reinforcing tone.</li>
    45. 

  45.   </ul>
    46. 

  46. 

  47.   <ul>
    48. 

  48.     <li><span class="hanzi">肯定</span>&#160;and&#160;<span class="hanzi">确定</span>&#160;can both be <b>verbs</b>, but their use and meanings are different.&#160;<span class="hanzi">一定</span>&#160;<b>cannot be used as a verb</b>.</li>
    49. 

  49.   </ul>
    50. 

  50. 

  51.   <h2 id="肯定-and-确定-as-a-verb">"<span class="hanzist">肯定</span>" and "<span class="hanzist">确定</span>" as a Verb</h2>
    52. 

  52. 

  53.   <h3 id="structure-with-肯定">Structure with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">肯定</span></h3>
    54. 

  54. <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">肯定</span>&#160;can express that something is satisfactory (<span class="hanzi">对…满意</span>), often used when a superior evaluates subordinates. When used this way, it should be followed directly by a noun or a phrase that is acting as a noun (noun phrase).</p>
    55. 

  55. 

  56.   <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">肯定</span>&#160;+ Noun / Noun Phrase</div>
    57. 

  57.   </div>
    58. 

  58. 

  59.   <p>I can also be used to express "<b>I am sure</b>." When used this way it is usually a clause at the end of a sentence.</p>
    60. 

  60. 

  61.   <div class="jiegou">
    62. 

  62.     <div class="deux">Subj. +&#160;<span class="hanzist">(敢)肯定</span>&#160;+ Sentences</div>
    63. 

  63.   </div>
    64. 

  64. 

  65.   <h3 id="examples-with-肯定">Examples with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">肯定</span></h3>
    66. 

  66. 

  67.   <div class="exemple">
    68. 

  68.     <ul>
    69. 

  69.       <li><span class="hanzi">老板 肯定 了 我们 团队 的 工作。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">The boss approved our team's work.</span></li>
    70. 

  70. 

  71.       <li><span class="hanzi">如果 想 让 别人 肯定 你，你 就 要 好好 做。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">If you want to make other people like you, you have to do good work.</span></li>
    72. 

  72. 

  73.       <li><span class="hanzi">我 敢 肯定 这 就 是 他 的 声音。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">I'm sure that this is his voice.</span></li>
    74. 

  74.     </ul>
    75. 

  75.   </div>
    76. 

  76. 

  77.   <h3 id="structure-with-确定">Structure with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">确定</span></h3>
    78. 

  78. 

  79.   <p>You can also add a verb phrase a preposition phrase after&#160;<span class="hanzi">确定</span>, which makes it mean that that something is already set, often used in describing a progressing condition.</p>
    80. 

  80. 

  81.   <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">确定</span>&#160;+ Phrase / Sentence</div>
    82. 

  82.   </div>
    83. 

  83. 

  84.   <h3 id="examples-with-确定">Examples with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">确定</span></h3>
    85. 

  85. 

  86.   <div class="exemple">
    87. 

  87.     <ul>
    88. 

  88.       <li><span class="hanzi">我们 还 没有 确定 什么 时候 开始。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">We still haven't decided when to start.</span></li>
    89. 

  89. 

  90.       <li><span class="hanzi">已经 确定了 三 个 人，还 差 一 个。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">Three people have already been decided, one more is needed.</span></li>
    91. 

  91. 

  92.       <li><span class="hanzi">你 确定 他 是 我们 要 找 的 人 吗？</span>&#160;<span class="trans">Have you decided if he's the person we'll look for?</span></li>
    93. 

  93.     </ul>
    94. 

  94.   </div>
    95. 

  95. 

  96.   <h3 id="examples-of-right-or-wrong-sentences">Examples of right or wrong sentences</h3>
    97. 

  97. 

  98.   <div class="exemple">
    99. 

  99.     <ul>
    100. 

  100.       <li><span class="hanzi">我们 要 先 肯定 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。</span>&#160;<span class="vert">In this sentence, "肯定" needs to be followed by a noun or a noun phrase.</span></li>
    101. 

  101. 

  102.       <li><span class="hanzi">我们 要 先 确定 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">We'll have to decide on a design before we can start working.</span></li>
    103. 

  103. 

  104.       <li><span class="hanzi">老板 肯定 了 最近 我 工作 很 努力。</span>&#160;<span class="vert">In this sentence, "肯定" needs to be followed by a noun or noun phrase.</span></li>
    105. 

  105. 

  106.       <li><span class="hanzi">老板 肯定 了 最近 我 的 努力 工作。</span>&#160;<span class="vert">By changing the word order, we get a noun phrase instead of a verb phrase.</span><span class="trans">The boss approved my recent hard work.</span></li>
    107. 

  107.     </ul>
    108. 

  108.   </div>
    109. 

  109. 

  110.   <h2 id="肯定-一定-as-an-adverb">"<span class="hanzist">肯定</span>" "<span class="hanzist">一定</span>" as an Adverb</h2>
    111. 

  111. 

  112.   <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">肯定</span>&#160;and&#160;<span class="hanzi">一定</span>&#160;can both be adverbs, and the grammar structure for both are similar.&#160;<span class="hanzi">肯定</span>&#160;emphasized more of a subjective judgement or promise.&#160;<span class="hanzi">一定</span>&#160;sometimes carries an air of forcing something or issuing a command.</p>
    113. 

  113. 

  114.   <h3 id="structure-with-肯定-1">Structure with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">肯定</span></h3>
    115. 

  115. 

  116.   <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">肯定</span>&#160;+ Adj. / Verb</div>
    117. 

  117.   </div>
    118. 

  118. 

  119.   <h3 id="examples-with-肯定-1">Examples with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">肯定</span></h3>
    120. 

  120. 

  121.   <div class="exemple">
    122. 

  122.     <ul>
    123. 

  123.       <li><span class="hanzi">他 肯定 还 没 起床，因为 他 的 手机 现在 还 没 开 机。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">He definitely hasn't gotten out of bed yet， because his phone is still off.</span></li>
    124. 

  124. 

  125.       <li><span class="hanzi">这 次 我 肯定 不 骗 你，骗 你 是 小 狗，好 吧？</span>&#160;<span class="vert">The idiom "骗你是小狗" literally means "To deceive you is to be a small dog." It doesn't have a good English equivalent.&#160;</span><span class="trans">I'm not lying this time. Cross my heart.</span></li>
    126. 

  126.     </ul>
    127. 

  127.   </div>
    128. 

  128. 

  129.   <h3 id="structure-with-一定">Structure with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">一定</span></h3>
    130. 

  130. 

  131.   <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">一定</span>&#160;+ Adj. / Verb</div>
    132. 

  132.   </div>
    133. 

  133. 

  134.   <h3 id="examples-with-一定">Examples with&#160;<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">一定</span></h3>
    135. 

  135. 

  136.   <div class="exemple">
    137. 

  137.     <ul>
    138. 

  138.       <li><span class="hanzi">明天 你们 一定 要 来。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">You guys are definitely going to come tomorrow.</span></li>
    139. 

  139. 

  140.       <li><span class="hanzi">一定 要 小心。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">You've definitely got to be careful.</span></li>
    141. 

  141.     </ul>
    142. 

  142.   </div>
    143. 

  143. 

  144.   <h3 id="right-or-wrong">Right or Wrong</h3>
    145. 

  145. 

  146.   <div class="exemple">
    147. 

  147.     <ul>
    148. 

  148.       <li><span class="hanzi">你们 肯定 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">Since it's a command, "肯定" is not appropriate.</span></li>
    149. 

  149. 

  150.       <li><span class="hanzi">你们 一定 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">You guys have to go listen to my music recital.</span></li>
    151. 

  151.     </ul>
    152. 

  152.   </div>
    153. 

  153. 

  154.   <h2 id="肯定-确定-一定-as-as-adjectives">"<span class="hanzist">肯定</span>" "<span class="hanzist">确定</span>" "<span class="hanzist">一定</span>" as as Adjectives</h2>
    155. 

  155. 

  156.   <p>All three of these can be placed before a noun as adjectives. But in this grammar structure,&#160;<span class="hanzi">肯定</span>&#160;and&#160;<span class="hanzi">确定</span>&#160;use their verb meanings, and&#160;<span class="hanzi">一定</span>&#160;as an adjective means "something particular</p>
    157. 

  157. 

  158.   <h3 id="structures">Structures</h3>
    159. 

  159. 

  160.   <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">肯定</span>&#160;+ （<span class="hanzist">的</span>&#160;+） Noun</div>
    161. 

  161. <p><br/></p>
    162. 

  162.   </div>
    163. 

  163. 

  164.   <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">确定</span>&#160;+ （<span class="hanzist">的</span>&#160;+） Noun</div>
    165. 

  165. <p><br/></p>
    166. 

  166.   </div>
    167. 

  167. 

  168.   <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">一定</span>&#160;+ （<span class="hanzist">的</span>&#160;+） Noun</div>
    169. 

  169.   </div>
    170. 

  170. 

  171.   <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
    172. 

  172. 

  173.   <div class="exemple">
    174. 

  174.     <ul>
    175. 

  175.       <li><span class="hanzi">如果 你 问 我 是不是 知道 这 件 事情，我 的 回答 是 肯定 的。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">If you ask me if I know about this, my answer will be sure.</span></li>
    176. 

  176. 

  177.       <li><span class="hanzi">请 给 我 一 个 确定 的 回答，不 要 总是 这么 模糊。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">Please give me a definite response. Don't always be so vague.</span></li>
    178. 

  178. 

  179.       <li><span class="hanzi">我们 之间 要 保持 一定 距离。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">We need to keep a certain distance between us.</span></li>
    180. 

  180. 

  181.       <li><span class="hanzi">这 件 事 和 他 有 一定 的 关系，不 能 都 怪 你。</span>&#160;<span class="trans">He has a certain connection with this, it can't completely surprise you.</span></li>
    182. 

  182.     </ul>
    183. 

  183.   </div>
    184. 

  184. 

  185.   <h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
    186. 

  186. 

  187.   <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
    188. 

  188. 

  189.   <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
    190. 

  190. 

  191.   <ul>
    192. 

  192.     <li><span class="hanzi">对外汉语教学语法释疑201例 (肯定 vs 一定 p.180)</span><br/></li>
    193. 

  193.   </ul>
    194. 

  194. 

  195.   <ul>
    196. 

  196.     <li><span class="hanzi">现代汉语八百词（增订本） (一定 p.603)</span><br/></li>
    197. 

  197.   </ul>
    198. 

  198. 

  199.   <ul>
    200. 

  200.     <li><span class="hanzi">卓越汉语－公司实战篇 (p. 5)</span><br/></li>
    201. 

  201.   </ul>
    202. 

  202. 

  203.   <h3 id="dictionaries">Dictionaries</h3>
    204. 

  204. 

  205.   <ul>
    206. 

  206.     <li><span class="hanzi">现代汉语词典（第5版） (肯定p.776 一定 p.1594 确定p.1136)</span><br/></li>
    207. 

  207.   </ul>
    208. 

  208. </body>
    209. 

  209. </html>
    210.