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- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">白</span> (<span class="pinyin">bái</span>) doesn't only mean "<b>white</b>." When added before a verb it means to do that verb "<b>in vain</b>" or "<b>with no effect</b>." In a certain way, you can think of <span class="hanzi">白</span> as not being just "<b>white</b>" but also "<b>blank</b>," like when you do something for a long time without thinking, and you're just going through the motions. It's like doing something with a "<b>blank</b>" mind.</p>
- <h2 id="structure-with-just-白">Structure with just 白</h2>
- <p>All you have to do is but <span class="hanzi">白</span> before the verb.One important thing to note is that <span class="hanzi">白</span> is usually used with mono-syllabic words, like <span class="hanzi">帮, 做, 学</span> etc. You cannot put a <span class="hanzi">地</span> after <span class="hanzi">白</span>.</p>
- <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span class="hanzist">白</span> + Verb + <span class="hanzist">了</span></div>
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- <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
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- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">白 花 了 一 百 块 钱，这 件 衣服 不 能 穿。</span> <span class="trans">I just wasted a hundred kuai. I can't even wear these clothes.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">他 不 回来 吃饭 了？！我 这些 菜 白 做了。</span> <span class="trans">He's not coming back to eat？！I made all this food for nothing.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">你 一 句 汉语 都 不 会 说，白 学 了 这么 长 时间。</span> <span class="trans">You can't speak even one sentence in Chinese, wasting all of that time studying.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">我 去 的 时候 他 不 在 家， 所以 我 白 跑 了 一 趟。</span> <span class="trans">He wasn't home when I got there, so I wasted all of that time going over there.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">不好意思， 让 你 白 忙 了 一 个 早上，我们 老板 今天 来 不了 了。</span> <span class="trans">Sorry to make you work this whole morning for nothing. Our boss just said that he couldn't come today.</span></li>
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- <h2 id="structure-with-白白">Structure with <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">白白</span></h2>
- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">白</span> can also be replaced with <span class="hanzi">白白</span>, and they are basically the same, though <span class="hanzi">白白</span> has a stronger emphasis on the "<b>wasted effort</b>." <span class="hanzi">白白</span> also is usually paired with a disyllabic word, like <span class="hanzi">帮助</span>, <span class="hanzi">准备</span>, <span class="hanzi">学习</span> etc. Unlike <span class="hanzi">白</span>, <span class="hanzi">白白</span> can be used with a <span class="hanzi">地</span>.</p>
- <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">明天 不 考 中文， 小王 白白 准备 了 一 天。</span> <span class="trans">There's not a Chinese test tomorrow. Little Wang studied the whole day in vain.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">他 没有 来，我 在 飞机场 白白 等 了 他 四 个 小时。</span> <span class="trans">He hasn't come. I wasted four hours at the airport waiting for him.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">她 白白 学 了 十 年 的 英语， 她 看得懂 英文，但是 连 简单 的 对话 都 不 会 说！</span> <span class="trans">She spent ten years fruitlessly studying English. She can read English, but she can't even speak a simple sentence.</span></li>
- </ul>
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- <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">现代汉语八百词</span> (p.58) </li>
- <li>Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (<span class="hanzi">汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级</span>) (p.160-161) </li>
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