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- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">凭</span> is a <a href="prepositions" title="wikilink">preposition</a> that means "<b>on the basis of</b>" or "<b>by virtue of.</b>" Usually the subject of a sentence with <span class="hanzi">凭</span> is a person.</p>
- <h2 id="structure-with-凭">Structure with <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">凭</span></h2>
- <h3 id="凭-with-a-noun"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">凭</span> with a noun</h3>
- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">凭</span> can be followed up with a noun or noun phrase. The nouns can be something concrete like <span class="hanzi">银行卡</span>, <span class="hanzi">身份证</span>, etc., or they can be something abstract like <span class="hanzi">经验</span>, <span class="hanzi">努力</span>, <span class="hanzi">感觉</span> etc.</p>
- <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span class="hanzist">凭</span> + Noun / Noun Phrase</div>
- </div>
- <h4 id="examples">Examples</h4>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">凭 护照， 外国 人 可以 买 火车 票。</span> <span class="trans">With the help of a passport, foreigners can buy train tickets.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">他 凭 自己 的 努力 学 了 三千 多 个 汉字。</span> <span class="trans">He studied more than three thousand Chinese characters on his own volition.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">我们 凭 学生证 在 电影院 享受 折扣 优待。</span> <span class="trans">Since we have student ID cards, we enjoy a special discount at the movie theater.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h3 id="凭-with-a-verb-phrase"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">凭</span> with a verb phrase</h3>
- <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">凭</span> can also be used with a verb phrase or subject-predicate phrase,as follows:</p>
- <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span class="hanzist">凭</span> + Verb Phrase / Subj.-Predicate</div>
- </div>
- <h4 id="examples-1">Examples</h4>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">怪不得 那 个 孩子 的 数学 不 好，他 只 凭 计算器 算。</span> <span class="trans">No wonder that kid's math is so bad. It's because he always uses a calculator.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">学好 跳舞 不 能 只 凭 看 迈克尔·杰克逊 的 音乐 录像带， 还 得 凭 自己 的 努力。</span> <span class="trans">Watching Michael Jackson music videos isn't enough to study how to dance. You also have to push yourself.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">凭 老 李 在 这 一 行 做 了 二 十 年，他 就 有 资格 做 你 的 师傅。</span> <span class="trans">On the basis of Old Li's twenty years of experience, he is qualified to be your teacher.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">凭 我 学 中文 的 时间 比 你 短 但是 说 得 比 你 好，我 就 可以 说 我 比 你 聪明。</span> <span class="trans">From the fact that I have studied Chinese for a shorter time, but speak better than you, I can say that I'm more intelligent than you are.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h3 id="凭-with-什么"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">凭</span> with <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">什么</span></h3>
- <p>This is one of the most common grammatical phrases, heard many times. It often has a feeling of dissatisfaction or anger, perhaps said while people are arguing. It is like saying "On what basis do you ...!?!?" Usually it is paired with blame, scold, hit etc.</p>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <div class="deux">Subj. + <span class="hanzist">凭什么</span> + Verb Phrase</div>
- </div>
- <h4 id="examples-2">Examples</h4>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">你 凭什么 怪 我！</span> <span class="trans">On what grounds are you blaming me?</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">我 没有 做 错，他 凭什么 骂 我？</span> <span class="trans">I haven't done anything wrong. How can you scold me?</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">她 一直 很忠诚， 你 凭什么 怀疑 她？</span> <span class="trans">She's always been honest, how can you mistrust her?</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="structure-with-凭着">Structure with <span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal;">凭着</span></h2>
- <p>You can also add <span class="hanzi">着</span> to <span class="hanzi">凭</span> to make it <span class="hanzi">凭着</span>, however when you do so you can only use it if the action has already been completed. If the actions happens frequently or has not happened yet, you cannot use <span class="hanzi">凭着</span>. The structure is the same as using <span class="hanzi">凭</span> by itself.</p>
- <div class="jiegou"><div class="deux"><span class="hanzist">凭着</span> + Noun / Noun Phrase</div>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-3">Examples</h3>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li><span class="hanzi">小白 凭着 自己 的 努力 致富。</span> <span class="trans">Off of his own hard work, Little Bai was able to become rich.</span></li>
- <li><span class="hanzi">他 凭着 智慧 战胜 了 很多 的 困难。</span> <span class="trans">Using his intellect, he was able to overcome many challenges.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="Limiting_Scope_with_"jiu"" title="wikilink">Limiting Scope with "jiu"</a></li>
- <li><a href=""Along_with%E2%80%A6"_Using_"suizhe"" title="wikilink">"Along with…" Using "suizhe"</a></li>
- </ul>
- <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
- <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
- <ul>
- <li>Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (<span class="hanzi">汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级</span>) (p. 227-228) </li>
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