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- <title>B2 grammar points</title>
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- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>B2 grammar points</h1>
-
-
- <p>"B2" (Upper Intermediate) is the fourth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Levels 4-5. For more information on the levels used here, see the Grammar Points by Level page.</p>
- <p>There are 161 total grammar points in the list below.
- </p>
- <h2>Contents</h2>
-
- <div class="contents"><ul><li>1 Parts of Speech </li>
- <ul><li>1.1 Adjectives </li>
- <li>1.2 Adverbs </li>
- <li>1.3 Auxiliary Words </li>
- <li>1.4 Conjunctions </li>
- <li>1.5 Nouns </li>
- <li>1.6 Particles </li>
- <li>1.7 Prepositional Phrase </li>
- <li>1.8 Prepositions </li>
- <li>1.9 Sentence Patterns </li>
- <li>1.10 Verbs </li>
- <ul><li>1.10.1 Auxiliary verbs </li>
- <li>1.10.2 Verb phrases </li>
- </ul>
- </ul>
- <li>2 Grammatical Structures </li>
- <ul><li>2.1 "But" Statements </li>
- <li>2.2 "Even If" Statements </li>
- <li>2.3 "If" Statements </li>
- <li>2.4 "No Matter" Statements </li>
- <li>2.5 Adverbs with Adjectives </li>
- <li>2.6 Cause/Effect Statements </li>
- <li>2.7 Complements </li>
- <li>2.8 Conditional Statements </li>
- <li>2.9 Sentence Patterns</li>
- <ul><li>2.9.1 Either… or </li>
- <li>2.9.2 Let alone </li>
- <li>2.9.3 Not only… but also… </li>
- </ul>
- </ul>
- <li>3 Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points </li>
- <ul><li>3.1 Adverbs </li>
- <li>3.2 Auxiliary Words </li>
- <li>3.3 Conjunctions </li>
- <li>3.4 Prepositions </li>
- <li>3.5 Separate Functions </li>
- <li>3.6 Time Words </li>
- <li>3.7 Verbs </li>
- </ul>
- <li>4 See Also<br/></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2>Parts of Speech</h2>
- <p>These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.</p>
- <h3>Adjectives</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Adjectival complement "de budeliao"
- </td>
- <td>Adj. + 得不得了</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">爸爸 气 得 不得了,你 要 倒霉 啦。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Adjectival complement "de hen"
- </td>
- <td>Adj. + 得 很</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">这个 题目 简单 得 很 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Challenging an adjective with "shenme"
- </td>
- <td>Adj. + 什么?</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你急 什么 急,还 早 着 呢。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "a bit too"
- </td>
- <td>Adj. + 了 + (一) 点儿</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">那个 地方 离 我家 远 了 点儿 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Saying "a lot" with "youdeshi"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 有的是 + Noun</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">川菜 上海 有的是。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Adverbs</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced use of "you"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + Verb + 了 + 又 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 找 了 又 找,还 是 没 找到 他 的 钱 包。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced uses of "dou"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 都 + Predicate</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我都能闻见面包的香味。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced uses of "hai"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 还 + Predicate + 呢</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">还 好朋友 呢 ,天天 说 我 坏话 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced uses of "zong"
- </td>
- <td>总 + Media + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">咱们 总 得 想 个 办法 啊。总 不 能 让 他 一个人 去 吧?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- An additional step with "jin yi bu"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 进一步 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我们 准备 进一步 扩大 中国 市场。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Assessing situations with "kanlai"
- </td>
- <td>看来 + Judgment to the Situation;在 + Person + 看来</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">看来他不来了,都这么晚了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Declaring the only option with "zhihao"
- </td>
- <td>只好 + Verb Phrase</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">上 个 周末 下雨 了 ,我们 只好 待 在 家。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Emphatic adverb "ke"
- </td>
- <td>可 + Adj. (+ 了)</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">这 件 事情 对 他 造成 的 影响 可 大 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "after all" with "bijing"
- </td>
- <td>毕竟</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">别 怪 他 了 , 毕竟 他 还 小 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "almost" using "chadian mei"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 差点没 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">路 这么 滑,我 差点没 摔倒。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "anyway" as "fanzheng"
- </td>
- <td>反正</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">随便 你 信 不 信 , 反正 我 不 信 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "as much as possible" with "jinliang"
- </td>
- <td>尽量 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 会 尽量 想 办法 帮 你 的。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "even" with "shenzhi"
- </td>
- <td>甚至</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他们 贡献 出 所有 的 精力 , 甚至 最 宝贵 的 生命 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "feel free" with "jinguan"
- </td>
- <td>尽管 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">有 什么 事 ,尽管 找 我 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "have to" with budebu
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 不得不 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">老板 很 讨厌 应酬,但是 她 不得不 去。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "in the end" with "daodi"
- </td>
- <td>到底</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">事情 到底 是 办 成 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "in the end" with "jiujing"
- </td>
- <td>究竟</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 究竟 喜 不 喜欢 我?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "just" do it with "gancui"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 干脆 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">家里什么都没有,干脆出去吃吧。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "nearly" with "jihu"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 几乎 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 的 头发 几乎 全 白 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "never again" with "zai ye bu"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 再也 + 不 + Verb-Obj. + 了</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 再也 不 想 跟 你 说话 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "once" with "cengjing"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 曾经 + Verb + 过 (+ Obj.)</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 说 他 曾经 做 过 很多 傻事 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "originally" with "benlai"
- </td>
- <td>本来⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">搬家 本来 就 很 麻烦。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "over and over again" with "zaisan"
- </td>
- <td>再三 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">妈妈 再三 叮嘱 我 , 要 注意 安全 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "simply" with "jianzhi"
- </td>
- <td>简直⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">她 简直 要 哭 出来 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "since the beginning" with "yixiang"
- </td>
- <td>一向 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 做 事情 一向 踏实 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "to make certain" with "qianwan"
- </td>
- <td>千万 + Verb/Verb Phrase</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">千万 别 泄露 出 去。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "while you're at it" with "shunbian"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. +Verb Phrase 1,顺便 + Verb Phrase 2</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 出去 的 时候顺便 帮 我 买 杯 咖啡。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing concern with "kongpa"
- </td>
- <td>恐怕 + Fact</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">恐怕 今天 做 不 完。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing difficulty with "hao (bu) rongyi"
- </td>
- <td>好(不)容易</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 好不容易 才 打通 了 银行 的 服务 热线。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing wasted efforts with "bai"
- </td>
- <td>白 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">白 花 了 一 百 块 钱,这 件 衣服 不 能 穿。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Rhetorical questions with "nandao"
- </td>
- <td>���道⋯⋯?</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">这 都 是 你 引起 的 , 难道 你 就 不 内疚 ?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- The opposite of "chabuduo" is "cha hen duo"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 差很多</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">中国 文化 和 西方 文化 差 很 多 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3><span id="Auxiliary_Words">Auxiliary Words</span></h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Listing things with "a"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯啊,⋯⋯啊</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我们 店里 有 水饺 啊,盖浇饭 啊 ⋯⋯</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3><span id="Conjunctions">Conjunctions</span></h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "and then" with "yushi"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯ ,于是 ⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 实在 太 懒 了 ,于是 老板 把 他 辞 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "and" with "he" (advanced)
- </td>
- <td>Verb 1 + 和 + Verb 2</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">政府 每年 都 会 维护 和 修理 这些 建筑 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "in addition" with "lingwai"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯ ,另外 ,⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">希望 你 不要 再 迟到 了。另外,你 应该 穿 得 正式 一点 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "er" to explain contrasting ideas
- </td>
- <td>Sentence 1, + 而 + Sentence 2</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">以后 后悔 的 人 不 是 我,而 是 你 自己。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3><span id="Nouns">Nouns</span></h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "bici" and "duifang"
- </td>
- <td>彼此 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">太 吵 了,我们 都 听不到 对方 在 说 什么。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "among" with "dangzhong"
- </td>
- <td>当中</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他们 当中 有 温州 人 , 有 宁波 人 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "each other" with "bici"
- </td>
- <td>彼此 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">太 吵 了,我们 都 听不到 对方 在 说 什么。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "within (it/them)" with "qizhong"
- </td>
- <td>其中</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">有 五 个 人 报名 了 , 其中 两 个 是 女生 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Name-calling with "zhege"
- </td>
- <td>Noun + 这个 + Category</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 这个 坏蛋,就 没 做 过 一 件 好 事。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Particles</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced "le" after an object
- </td>
- <td>Verb + Obj. + 了</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 吃 了 早饭 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Marking a topic with "ma"
- </td>
- <td>Statement + 嘛</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">大家 有 话 就 说 嘛 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Softening the tone of questions with "ne"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯呢?</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 人 在 哪 呢 ?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Taiwanese "you"
- </td>
- <td>有 + Verb + 过</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 有 去 过 中国。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Prepositional Phrase</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Defining scope
- </td>
- <td>级别 / 次序 / 数目 + 以上 / 以下</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">十 岁 以下 的 孩子 不用 买 票 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Prepositions</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "along with…" with "suizhe"
- </td>
- <td>随着 A + 的 + Verb, Subj. + Predicate</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">随着 经济 的 发展,人们 的 生活 越 来 越 好。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "ever since" with "zicong"
- </td>
- <td>(自)从⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">自从 来 了 上海 , 他 就 习惯 了 繁忙 的 生活 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "for…" with "eryan"
- </td>
- <td>对 + Party + 而言 ,⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">对 消费者 而言 ,促销 活动 很 有 吸引力 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "including" with "zainei"
- </td>
- <td>(包括)⋯⋯ 在内 ,⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">水 电 费 在内 ,我 每 个 月 的 房租 三千 五 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "on the basis of" with "ping"
- </td>
- <td>凭⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 凭 自己 的 努力 成功 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "with regards to" with "zhiyu"
- </td>
- <td>至于</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 先 看 产品 。 至于 价格 , 我们 再 商量 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing passive voice with "gei"
- </td>
- <td>受事主语 + 给 + 施事者 + Verb Phrase;受事主语 + 被 + 施事者 + 给 + Verb Phrase</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">事情 给 解决 了 吗?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Limiting scope with "jiu"
- </td>
- <td>就⋯⋯ (来说 / 而言)</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">就 我 而言 , 兴趣 最 重要 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Opportune timing with "chen"
- </td>
- <td>趁⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">趁 老板 不 在,我们 出去 吃饭 吧。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Sentence Patterns</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Emphasizing a negation with "bing"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 并 + 不 + Verb / Adj.</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">当 金融 分析 人员 并 不是 我 的 梦想。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "if it were not for" with "yaobushi"
- </td>
- <td>要不是 ⋯⋯ ( 的话 ),⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">要不是 你们 迟到 的话,我们 早就 到 了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "thanks to" with "duokui"
- </td>
- <td>Good Outcome ,多亏 (了) + Lucky Incident</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 没 迟到 ,多亏了 你 开车 送 我 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "that's all" with "eryi"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + (仅仅) + 是 + Obj. + 而已</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 只 是 开 个 玩笑 而已,不 要 当 真。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "jiang" as a formal "ba"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 将 + Obj. + Verb Phrase</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">学校 将 那些 经常 逃学 的 学生 都 开除 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Verbs</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Challenging a verb with "shenme"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 什么 + Obj.</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">没有 钱 看 什么 电影。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing specifically with "xiang"
- </td>
- <td>Noun 1 + 像 + Noun 2 + (那么⋯⋯)</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 怎么 像 我 妈 一样 啰嗦!</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparisons with "biqi"
- </td>
- <td>比起 + B (+ 来) ,A ~</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">比起上海 ,我 老家 的 物价 便宜 多 了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparisons with "buru"
- </td>
- <td>不如⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我的 汉语 不如 他的。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Making "-ize" and "-ify" verbs with "hua"
- </td>
- <td>Noun / Adj. + 化</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">KFC 的 中国 本土化 经营 做 得 非常 成功。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "nanguai" as a verb
- </td>
- <td>难怪 + Person, Reason</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">难怪 他,他还是个孩子呢,什么都不懂。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h4>Auxiliary verbs</h4>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing future with "jiang"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 将 / 将要 / 将会 + Verb Phrase</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">比赛 结果 将 在 月底 公布 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- The use of Taiwanese Mandarin "hui"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 会 + Predicate + 吗 ?</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 会 冷 吗 ?</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h4>Verb phrases</h4>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Combining verbs with "bing"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 并 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 同意 并且 支持 你 的 决定 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Emphasizing the doer of an action with "you"
- </td>
- <td>由 + Person + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">这个 项目 由 小李 来 完成 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "hard to avoid" with "nanmian"
- </td>
- <td>难免 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">第 一 次 尝试 , 难免 失败 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "to be worth" doing with "zhide"
- </td>
- <td>值得 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">这个 想法 不错 , 值得 考虑 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Facilitating an outcome with "yibian"
- </td>
- <td>以便 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">用 普通话 说 , 以便 我 能 听懂 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Passive verbs with "shou"
- </td>
- <td>受 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 为 人 善良 , 很 受 尊重 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "zhe" when "verbing away"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 着 + Verb + 着</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">走 着 走 着 , 他们 到 家 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h2>Grammatical Structures</h2>
- <p>These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.</p>
- <h3>"But" Statements</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "although" with "jinguan"
- </td>
- <td>尽管⋯⋯,但是⋯⋯</td>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">尽管 我 很 生气 ,但是</span>
- <p><span class="hanzi">我 没 发脾气 。</span></p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "on the contrary" with "fan'er"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯,反而 ⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 没有 放弃 ,反而 更加 努力 了 !</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing contrariness with "dao"
- </td>
- <td>倒⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">雨 没有 停 , 倒 大 起来 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- The "however" adverb "que"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯,却⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他们 一见钟情 , 却 没有 在 一起 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>"Even If" Statements</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "even if…" with "jishi"
- </td>
- <td>即使⋯⋯,也⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">即使 你 没胃口 , 也 要 吃 一点 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "even if…" with "jiushi"
- </td>
- <td>就是⋯⋯,也⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">就是 天气 不 好 , 我 也 要 出去 玩 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "even if…" with "jiusuan"
- </td>
- <td>就算⋯⋯ ,也⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">就算 再 困难 , 我们 也 要 坚持 到底 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "even if…" with "napa"
- </td>
- <td>哪怕⋯⋯,也⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">哪怕 第 一 次 失败 了 , 也 要 继续 研究 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>"If" Statements</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "if… then…" with "jiaru"
- </td>
- <td>假如⋯⋯,就⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">假如 下雨 了 , 就 收 衣服 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "if… then…" with "jiashi"
- </td>
- <td>假使⋯⋯,就⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">假使 你 遇到 坏人 , 就 报警 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "if… then…" with "yaoshi"
- </td>
- <td>要是⋯⋯,就⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 要是 真 想 我,就 给 我 打 电话 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "what if" with "wanyi"
- </td>
- <td>万一 ⋯⋯ 怎么办 ?</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">万一 被 发现 了 怎么办 ?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Marking a topic with "de hua"
- </td>
- <td>Topic + 的话 ,Comment</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">北京 的话 ,秋天 去 最好 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>"No Matter" Statements</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "no matter" with "buguan"
- </td>
- <td>不管⋯⋯,都 / 也⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">不管 身体 好 坏 , 他 都 工作 到 深夜 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "no matter" with "wulun"
- </td>
- <td>无论 / 不论⋯⋯,都 / 也⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">无论 天 多 热 , 都 要 坚持 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Adverbs with Adjectives</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "especially" with "gewai"
- </td>
- <td>格外 + verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他今天格外 忙.</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Cause/Effect Statements</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "due to…" with "youyu"
- </td>
- <td>由于⋯⋯,⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">由于 天气 原因, 我们 的 航班 取消了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "since" with "jiran"
- </td>
- <td>既然⋯⋯,就⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">既然 来 了 , 就 留 下来 吃饭 吧 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "therefore" with "yinci"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯,因此⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">这 家 饭店 涨价 了 , 因此 顾客 也 少 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Stating the effect before the cause
- </td>
- <td>之所以 ⋯⋯ ,是因为 / 是为了 / 是想 ⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 之 所以 来 晚 了 是 因为 路上 堵车 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect
- </td>
- <td>因为⋯⋯ ,而⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">饭店 因为 物价 上涨 而 涨价 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Complements</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced degree complements
- </td>
- <td>Adj. + 得 + 很 / 不得了 / 要命 / 不行</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 老婆 的 工作 轻松 得很 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced potential complements
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 得 / 不 + 了</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">今晚 我 有事 ,去 不 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced result complements
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 住</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">抓住 那个 小偷 !</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced uses of direction complement "-qilai"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 起来</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">宝宝,你 应该 把 你 的 玩具 收 起来 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Complement "-huai le"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 坏了</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">坏 了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Tricky uses of "dao"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 到</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 做 到 了 吗 ?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "lai" and "qu" when "verbing around"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 来 + Verb + 去</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 考虑 来 考虑 去 , 最后 还是 决定 回 学校 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "zhao" as complement
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 着</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">宝宝 刚 睡 着。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Conditional Statements</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "as long as" with "zhiyao"
- </td>
- <td>只要⋯⋯,就⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">只要 你 过来 , 我们 就 很 开心 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "once...then..." with "yidan...jiu..."
- </td>
- <td>一旦⋯⋯,就⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">一旦 我 找 好 的 工作,我 就 会 安心。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "only if" with "zhiyou"
- </td>
- <td>只有⋯⋯,才⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">只有 你 帮忙 , 我 才 能 完成 任务 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "unless" with "chufei"
- </td>
- <td>除非⋯⋯ ,才⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">除非 你 求情 ,他 才 肯 帮忙 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Sentence Patterns</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced uses of "ba"
- </td>
- <td>把 + Noun + Verb⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 没有 把 它 当回事。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Advanced uses of "lian"
- </td>
- <td>连 + Verb + 都 + 不 / 没 + Verb (,就 ⋯⋯)</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">朋友 ?这个 人 我 连 见 都 没 见 过 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Basic comparisons with "bu bi"
- </td>
- <td>Noun 1 + 不比 + Noun 2 + Adj.</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 不 比 别人 笨 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Conditions with "yao" and "jiu"
- </td>
- <td>要 + Verb + 就 Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">要 买 就 买 ,我们 快 关门 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "any" with "renhe"
- </td>
- <td>任何 + Noun</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 的 弟弟 特别 顽固,任何 的 人 都 不 能 说服 他。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "both… and…" with "ji...you"
- </td>
- <td>既⋯⋯也 / 又⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 做 事情 既 快 又 好。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "in the name of" with "yi... de mingyi"
- </td>
- <td>以 + Subject + 名义</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">不要 以 我的 名义 给公司写��.</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "no" (noun) "to" (verb) with "wu... ke..."
- </td>
- <td>无 + Noun + 可 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 无 话 可 说。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "not even one"
- </td>
- <td>一 + Measure Word + (Noun) + 也 / 都 + 不 / 没 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">一 句 中文 都 不 会 说 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "not only..., even..." using "budan……, shenzhi lian"
- </td>
- <td>Subj. + 不但 ⋯⋯ ,甚至连 + New Subject + 也 + Matching Situation</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">不但,甚至连。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "related to..." with "you guan de"
- </td>
- <td>与 + topic/subject + 有关的 + noun</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">与 他有关的事情,我都不想知道。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "the more... the more..." with "yue… yue…"
- </td>
- <td>Subj.+越+Verb+越 + Adj. / Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">她 越 想 越 生气 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "within" a period of time using "zai... nei"
- </td>
- <td>在 + Time + 内</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 必须 在 一周 内 完成。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "would rather" with "ningke"
- </td>
- <td>宁可⋯⋯,也⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 宁可 输,也 不 放弃。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing indifference with "jiu"
- </td>
- <td>Verb + 就 + Verb</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">走 就 走 ,我 早就 不 想 干 了 !</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing purpose with "hao"
- </td>
- <td>Action ,好 + Purpose</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">她 睡前 常常 喝 牛奶 ,好 入睡 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing simultaneous actions with "yimian"
- </td>
- <td>一面⋯⋯,一面⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 喜欢 一面 吃 东西 , 一面 看 电影。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing the only two possibilities
- </td>
- <td>不是⋯⋯,就是⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">不是 成功,就是 失败。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Occurring together with "shaobuliao"
- </td>
- <td>A 少不了 B</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">春节 少不了 吃 饺子。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Use "cong...zhong" to express "from"
- </td>
- <td>从 + noun + 中 + result</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我从 书中学习了很多知识。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "dengyu" to express "equal to"
- </td>
- <td>A, 等于 B</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">今天吃了炸鸡等于白跑步了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Using "suowei" to express "so-called"
- </td>
- <td>所谓 + Noun Phrase + 就是……</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">所谓 “小意思” 就 是 指 礼物。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h4>Either… or</h4>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Providing two options with double "huozhe"
- </td>
- <td>或者⋯⋯,或者⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">只 有 一 块 蛋糕,或者 你 吃 或者 我 吃。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h4>Let alone</h4>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "let alone" with "bie shuo"
- </td>
- <td>别说⋯⋯,就是⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">别说 一百 , 就是 一 块 钱 我 也 不 给 你 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "let alone" with "geng buyong shuo"
- </td>
- <td>⋯⋯,更不用说⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">她 会 说 法语 , 更 不用 说 英语 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "let alone" with "hekuang"
- </td>
- <td>连⋯⋯都(也)⋯⋯,何况⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">连 小李 都 同意 了 , 何况 小张。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h4>Not only… but also…</h4>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Expressing "not only… but also" with "bujin"
- </td>
- <td>不仅⋯⋯,而且⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">她 不仅 聪明 , 而且 漂亮 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Many types of "not only... but also..."
- </td>
- <td>不但 / 不只 / 不仅⋯⋯,而且 / 还 / 也 ⋯⋯</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他 不仅 喜欢 吃 中国 菜,而且 也 会 做 几 个 中国 菜!</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h2>Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points</h2>
- <p>What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.</p>
- <h3>Adverbs</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "benlai" and "yuanlai"
- </td>
- <td>本来 vs 原来</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">他原来的 公司 本来 要 派 他 去 上海,但是 因为 家 里 有事,去 不了 了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "buduan" and "buting"
- </td>
- <td>不断 vs 不停</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">她 不断 地 找 我,每次 都 说 个 不停。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "cai" and "jiu"
- </td>
- <td>才 vs 就</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 花 了 两 天 才修 好 ,你 一下子 就 弄 坏 了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "turan" and "huran"
- </td>
- <td>突然 vs 忽然</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我的 电话 忽然 响了。 事情 发生 得 太 突然。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "yizhi" and "yixiang"
- </td>
- <td>一直 vs. 一向</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 一直 在 现在 的 公司 工作 。他 一向 不 迟到 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "zai" and "you"
- </td>
- <td>再 vs 又</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我不能再喝了,你走���我又喝了两瓶 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Auxiliary Words</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "zongsuan" and “zhongyu"
- </td>
- <td>总算 vs 终于</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">今天 的 会 终于 开 完 了!你 总算 来 了。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Conjunctions</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "gen" and "dui"
- </td>
- <td>跟 vs 对</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">那 个 帅哥 在 对 我 招手!那 你 要 跟 他 去 吗?</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Prepositions</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "chao" "xiang" and "wang"
- </td>
- <td>朝 vs 向 vs 往</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">往 前 走 十 分 钟。向 雷锋 同志 学习!他 朝 我 笑 了 笑。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "dui" and "duiyu"
- </td>
- <td>对 vs. 对于</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 对 她 很 了解 ,她 不 会 这么 做 的 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "duiyu" and "zhiyu"
- </td>
- <td>关于 vs 对于 vs 至于</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">关于 放假, 对于 怎么解决,至于另���一份工作 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "guanyu" and "duiyu"
- </td>
- <td>关于 vs 对于</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">对于 那 个 人, 关于 我们 的 学习 方法</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Separate Functions</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "fan'er" and “xiangfan"
- </td>
- <td>反而 vs 相反</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">吃 水果 不但 对 他 没 好处,反而 有 坏处。 老板 的 想法 跟 我 的 相反。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "kending" "queding" and “yiding"
- </td>
- <td>肯定 vs 确定 vs 一定</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">老板 肯定 了 我们 团队 的 工作。你 确定 他 是 我们 要 找 的 人?一定 要 小心。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "shihe" and "heshi"
- </td>
- <td>适合 vs 合适</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">这 个 颜色 不 适合 他 , 黑色 才 是 最 合适 的。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Time Words</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "pingshi" and "pingchang"
- </td>
- <td>平时 vs. 平常</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 平时 / 平常 做饭 吗 ?</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "yihou" "ranhou" "houlai"
- </td>
- <td>以后 vs. 然后 vs. 后来</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 以后 想 开 公司 。/ 后来 他 去 了 美国 ,然后 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "yihou" and "zhihou"
- </td>
- <td>以后 vs. 之后</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">我 昨天 吃完 以后 去 了 超市 。之后 我 就 回家 了 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h3>Verbs</h3>
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Grammar Point (English)</th>
- <th>Pattern</th>
- <th>Examples</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- Comparing "xiande" and "kanqilai"
- </td>
- <td>显得 vs 看起来</td>
- <td><span class="hanzi">你 看起来 很 苗条 ,可能 是 这 件 衣服 显得 你 很 苗条 。</span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h2>See Also</h2>
- <ul>
- <li>
- Grammar Points by Level
- </li>
- <li>This list in French: <a class="external text" href="http://www.chine-informations.com/mandarin/grammaire/RGLB2" rel="nofollow">Grammaire chinoise niveau B2</a>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </body>
- </html>
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