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- <p>When using 对 (duì) as a <a href="preposition" class="uri" title="wikilink">preposition</a>, it is used to indicate "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, some care should be taken when using this particle, as usage of 对 doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.</p>
- <h2 id="basic-usage">Basic Usage</h2>
- <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <p>对 + Obj. + Verb</p>
- </div>
- <p>Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here. Certain verbs are often used with 对, and some even <strong><em>need</em></strong> 对 if you want to add an Obj. (like 感兴趣, explained below).</p>
- <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li>宝宝 <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 笑 了。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> xiào le.</span><span class="trans">The baby smiled at me.</span></li>
- <li>小狗 在 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 叫。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎo gǒu zài <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> jiào.</span><span class="trans">The dog is barking at you.</span></li>
- <li>你 不 应该 这样 <em>对</em> <strong>我们</strong> 说话。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyang <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒmen</strong> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">You shouldn't talk to us this way.</span></li>
- <li>你 怎么 能 <em>对</em> <strong>你 妈妈</strong> 大 喊 大 叫？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zěnme néng <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ māma</strong> dà hǎn dà jiào?</span><span class="trans">How could you shout at your mother?</span></li>
- <li>不要 <em>对</em> <strong>孩子</strong> 发脾气！<span class="pinyin">Bù yào <em>duì</em> <strong>háizi</strong> fā píqi!</span><span class="trans">Don't lose your temper at the child!</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <p>对 is also used in such structures as: 对...来说, 对...感兴趣 ("to be interested in...") as well as 对···负责（”be responsible for things / person“）</p>
- <h2 id="using-对-with-来说">Using 对 with 来说</h2>
- <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
- <p>In English we say "To someone or for someone." In Chinese, the pattern is:</p>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <p>对 + <strong>Person</strong> + 来说</p>
- </div>
- <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li><em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 来说，中文 最 难 的 语法 是 把字句。<span class="pinyin"><em> Duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> lái shuō, Zhōngwén zuì nán de yǔfǎ shì bǎ zì jù.</span><span class="trans">To me, the most difficult Chinese grammar is Ba sentence.</span></li>
- <li><em>对</em> <strong>他</strong> 来说，家人 比 工作 更 重要。<span class="pinyin"><em>Duì</em> <strong>tā</strong> lái shuō, jiārén bǐ gōngzuò gèng zhòngyào.</span><span class="trans">To him, family is more important than work.</span></li>
- <li><em>对</em> <strong>老板</strong> 来说，赚钱 是 第一。<span class="pinyin"><em>Duì</em> <strong>lǎobǎn</strong> lái shuō, zhuànqián shì dìyī.</span><span class="trans">To the boss, making money comes first.</span></li>
- <li>穿 这 种 衣服 <em>对</em><strong>我们</strong> 来说 太 奢侈 了。<span class="pinyin">Chuān zhè zhǒng yīfu <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒmen</strong> lái shuō tài shēchǐ le.</span><span class="trans">To us, it's too luxurious to wear this kind of clothes.</span></li>
- <li>这 个 问题 <em>对</em> <strong>一 个 五 岁 的 孩子</strong> 来说 太 复杂 了。<span class="pinyin">Zhè gè wèntí <em>duì</em> <strong>yī gè wǔ suì de háizi</strong> lái shuō tài fùzá le.</span><span class="trans">For a five-year-old kid, this question is too complicated.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="other-usage-of-对">Other Usage of 对</h2>
- <p>"对"加宾语放在某些动词或者形容词前，相当于英文的"in, to, for, with"等。常见的这类动词如下：</p>
- <ul>
- <li>对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù) to be interested in</li>
- <li>对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé) to be responsible for</li>
- <li>对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì) to be satisfied with</li>
- <li>对⋯⋯热情 (rèqíng) to be friendly to; to be enthusiastic about</li>
- <li>对⋯⋯有帮助 (yǒu bāngzhù) to be helpful to</li>
- <li>对⋯⋯的影响 (yǐngxiǎng) to have influence on</li>
- </ul>
- <h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li>我 <em>对</em> <strong>学 外语</strong> 很 感 兴趣。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>duì</em> <strong>xué wàiyǔ</strong> hěn gǎn xìngqù.</span><span class="trans">I am very interested in learning foreign language.</span></li>
- <li>你 要 <em>对</em> <strong>自己 的 工作</strong> 负责。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yào <em>duì</em> <strong>zìjǐ de gōngzuò</strong> fùzé.</span><span class="trans">You need to be responsible for your job.</span></li>
- <li>老板 好像 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 不 太 满意。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn hǎoxiàng <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> bù tài mǎnyì.</span><span class="trans">The boss seems not very satisfied with you.</span></li>
- <li>这里 的 服务员 都 <em>对</em> <strong>顾客</strong> 很 热情。<span class="pinyin">Zhèlǐ de fúwùyuán dōu <em>duì</em> <strong>gùkè</strong> hěn rèqíng.</span><span class="trans">The waiters here are all very friendly to the customers.</span></li>
- <li>这个 App <em>对</em> <strong>我 的 英语 学习</strong> 很 有帮助。<span class="pinyin">Zhège App <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ de Yīngyǔ xuéxí</strong> hěn yǒu bāngzhù.</span><span class="trans">This method helps a lot with my English learning.</span></li>
- <li>这 件 事 <em>对</em> <strong>他</strong> 的 影响 很 大。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shì <em>duì</em> <strong>tā</strong> de yǐngxiǎng hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">This piece of matter has a big influence on him.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="Using_"xiang"" title="wikilink">Using "xiang"</a></li>
- <li><a href="Using_"gen"" title="wikilink">Using "gen"</a></li>
- <li><a href=""For…"_with_"eryan"" title="wikilink">"For…" with "eryan"</a></li>
- <li><a href="Comparing_"gen"_and_"dui"" title="wikilink">Comparing "gen" and "dui"</a></li>
- </ul>
- <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
- <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (p. 153) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1</a> (p. 151) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide" title="wikilink">Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide</a> (pp. 84, 88) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="Boya_Chinese_Elementary_Starter_1_(博雅汉语初经起步篇)" title="wikilink">Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)</a> (pp. 198) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(汉语语法百项讲练_-_初中级)" title="wikilink">Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)</a> (pp. 313) <a href="http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="卓越汉语－公司实战篇" class="uri" title="wikilink">卓越汉语－公司实战篇</a> (pp. 11-2, 134) <a href="http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1">→buy</a></li>
- </ul>
- <p> </p>
- <p><a href="Category:B1_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:B1 grammar points</a> <a href="Category:Prepositions" class="uri" title="wikilink">Category:Prepositions</a></p>
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