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  2. <p>For events that happened in the immediate past, in English we use the word &quot;just.&quot; For example, if you pass a turn you were supposed to make, you might say, &quot;I <em>just</em> passed it!&quot; In Chinese, &quot;just&quot; can be expressed with 刚 (gāng) or 刚刚 (gānggāng).</p>
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  3. <h2 id="expressing-just-happened">Expressing &quot;Just&quot; Happened</h2>
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  4. <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
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  5. <p>刚 (gāng) expresses an action that happened not long ago. 刚刚 (gānggāng) is used the same way, with the same meaning.</p>
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  6. <div class="jiegou">
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  7. <p>Subj. + 刚 + Verb</p>
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  8. </div>
    9. 

  9. <p>or</p>
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  10. <div class="jiegou">
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  11. <p>Subj. + 刚刚 + Verb</p>
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  12. </div>
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  13. <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
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  14. <div class="liju">
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  15. <ul>
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  16. <li>我们 <em>刚</em> 知道。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>gāng</em> zhīdào.</span><span class="trans">We just found out.</span></li>
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  17. <li>她们 <em>刚</em> 走。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>gāng</em> zǒu.</span><span class="trans">They just left.</span></li>
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  18. <li>老板 <em>刚刚</em> 到 办公室。<span class="pinyin"> Lǎobǎn <em>gānggāng</em> dào bàngōngshì.</span><span class="trans">The boss just arrived at the office.</span></li>
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  19. <li>我 老婆 <em>刚</em> 生 完 孩子。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ lǎopo <em>gāng</em> shēng wán háizi.</span><span class="trans">My wife just finished giving birth to our baby.</span></li>
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  20. <li>你 <em>刚刚</em> 下班 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>gānggāng</em> xiàbān ma? </span><span class="trans">Did you just get off work?</span></li>
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  21. </ul>
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  22. </div>
    23. 

  23. <h2 id="just-within-a-specific-time-period">&quot;Just&quot; Within a Specific Time Period</h2>
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  24. <p>This more complicated use of 刚 (gāng) is not nearly as essential as the one above, but you may find it useful to specify just <em>when</em> the event &quot;just&quot; occurred, specifically.</p>
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  25. <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
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  26. <p>刚 (gāng) can also express &quot;from the time an action happens until the present time.&quot;</p>
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  27. <div class="jiegou">
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  28. <p>Subj. + 刚 + Verb (+ Obj.) + Duration</p>
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  29. </div>
    30. 

  30. <p>Note that although we need to say &quot;ago&quot; in English, in this pattern there's no need for a word that means &quot;ago.&quot;</p>
    31. 

  31. <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
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  32. <div class="liju">
    33. 

  33. <ul>
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  34. <li>我 <em>刚</em> 认识 她 <strong> 十 天</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>gāng</em> rènshi tā <strong>shí tiān</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I just met her ten days ago.</span></li>
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  35. <li>他 <em>刚</em> 来 中国 <strong>两 个 月</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>gāng</em> lái Zhōngguó <strong>liǎng gè yuè</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He just got to China two months ago.</span></li>
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  36. <li>我 弟弟 <em>刚</em> 工作 <strong>半年</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ dìdi <em>gāng</em> gōngzuò <strong> bàn nián </strong>.</span><span class="trans">My younger brother just started working half a year ago.</span></li>
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  37. <li>她 <em>刚</em> 结婚 <strong> 三 个 月 </strong>。 <span class="pinyin">Tā <em>gāng</em> jiéhūn <strong>sān gè yuè</strong>.</span><span class="trans">She just got married three months ago.</span></li>
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  38. <li>我 的 车 <em>刚</em> 买 <strong>两 天</strong>，开 的时候 小心 点。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de chē <em>gāng</em> mǎi <strong>liǎng tiān</strong>, kāi de shíhou xiǎoxīn diǎn.</span><span class="trans">I just bought the car two days ago. Be careful when you drive.</span></li>
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  39. </ul>
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  40. </div>
    41. 

  41. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
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  42. <ul>
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  43. <li><a href="&quot;Just_now&quot;_with_&quot;gangcai&quot;" title="wikilink">&quot;Just now&quot; with &quot;gangcai&quot;</a></li>
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  44. <li><a href="Comparing_&quot;gang&quot;_and_&quot;gangcai&quot;" title="wikilink">Comparing &quot;gang&quot; and &quot;gangcai&quot;</a></li>
    45. 

  45. </ul>
    46. 

  46. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
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  47. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
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  48. <ul>
    49. 

  49. <li><a href="现代汉语八百词（增订本）" class="uri" title="wikilink">现代汉语八百词（增订本）</a> (p. 216)<a href="http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1345693275&amp;sr=8-1">→buy</a></li>
    50. 

  50. <li><a href="卓越汉语－公司实战篇" class="uri" title="wikilink">卓越汉语－公司实战篇</a> (p. 239) <a href="http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1347863170&amp;sr=8-1">→buy</a></li>
    51. 

  51. <li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title="wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (p. 81) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0415372615">→buy</a></li>
    52. 

  52. </ul>
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  53. <p>       </p>
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  54. <p><a href="Category:A2_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:A2 grammar points</a></p>
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