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- <p>In a negative sentence, the <a href="Change_of_state_with_"le"" title="wikilink">sentence-final 了 (le)</a> can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer." The word <a href="已经" title="wikilink">已经 (yǐjīng)</a>, which <a href="Expressing_"already"_with_just_"le"" title="wikilink">means "already,"</a> may nor may not accompany it.</p>
- <h2 id="structure">Structure</h2>
- <p><a href="已经" class="uri" title="wikilink">已经</a> (yǐjīng) is optional for this pattern, but either <a href="不" class="uri" title="wikilink">不</a> (bù) or <a href="没有" class="uri" title="wikilink">没有</a> (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The <a href="Change_of_state_with_"le"" title="wikilink">sentence-final 了 (le)</a> is, of course, required.</p>
- <div class="jiegou">
- <p>(已经 +) 不 / 没(有) + [Verb Phrase] + 了</p>
- </div>
- <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
- <div class="liju">
- <ul>
- <li><em>没有</em> 纸 <em>了</em> 。<span class="expl">in other words, "we're out of paper"</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Méiyǒu</em> zhǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">There's no paper anymore.</span></li>
- <li>手机 <em>没有</em> 电 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Shǒujī <em>méiyǒu</em> diàn <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">My cell phone has run out of power.</span></li>
- <li>他 <em>没有</em> 家 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> jiā <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't have his home anymore.</span></li>
- <li>我们 都 <em>没有</em> 钱 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <em>méiyǒu</em> qián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">We all don't have any more money.</span></li>
- <li>你 <em>不</em> 喜欢 我 <em>了</em> 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>bù</em> xǐhuan wǒ <em>le</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">You don't like me anymore?</span></li>
- <li>我 <em>不</em> 想 吃 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>bù</em> xiǎng chī <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't want to eat anymore.</span></li>
- <li>你们 <em>不</em> 能 喝 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>bù</em> néng hē <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">You can't drink anymore.</span></li>
- <li>我 <em>已经 不</em> 住 这里 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zhù zhèlǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't live here anymore.</span></li>
- <li>他 <em>已经 不</em> 在 这儿 工作 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài zhèr gōngzuò <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't work here anymore.</span></li>
- <li>他们 <em>已经 不</em> 在 一起 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài yīqǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">They are no longer together.</span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="Expressing_"already"_with_just_"le"" title="wikilink">Expressing "already" with just "le"</a></li>
- <li><a href="Change_of_state_with_"le"" title="wikilink">Change of state with "le"</a></li>
- <li><a href="Uses_of_"le"" title="wikilink">Uses of "le"</a></li>
- </ul>
- <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
- <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar" title="wikilink">Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar</a> (p. 68) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title="wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (pp. 126-9) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar" title="wikilink">Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar</a> (pp. 238-99) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(新实用汉语课本2)" title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)</a> (pp. 217-8) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(新实用汉语课本3)" title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)</a> (pp. 64-5) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (p. 8) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709">→buy</a></li>
- <li><a href="40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(基础汉语40课上册）" title="wikilink">40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）</a> (p. 239)<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20">→buy</a></li>
- </ul>
- <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
- <ul>
- <li>Chinesegrammar.info: <a href="http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/le-grammar-summary/">Chinese le grammar summary (了)</a></li>
- </ul>
- <p> </p>
- <p><a href="Category:_A2_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category: A2 grammar points</a></p>
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