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  1. 

  2. <p>Chinese uses <a href="measure_word" title="wikilink">measure words</a>, a type of word called <a href="http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_(linguistics)">classifiers</a> in linguistics which are common in East Asian languages. Measure words have a number of important uses, but one of the first ways you'll need to use them is for counting. Chinese learners should master them, starting with the measure word 个 (gè).</p>
    3. 

  3. <h2 id="structure">Structure</h2>
    4. 

  4. <p>Whenever you talk about the quantity of something in Chinese, you need a <a href="measure_word" title="wikilink">measure word</a>.</p>
    5. 

  5. <div class="jiegou">
    6. 

  6. <p>Number + Measure Word + Noun</p>
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  7. </div>
    8. 

  8. <p>English does actually have measure words, it's just that most nouns usually don't need them. In English, most nouns are <em>count nouns</em> - they specify one instance of something. &quot;An apple,&quot; for example. Some nouns are <em>mass nouns</em> and refer to something without specifying how much of it there is. Examples are &quot;furniture,&quot; &quot;paper,&quot; &quot;water,&quot; etc. You can't say &quot;a furniture&quot;; you need a measure word: &quot;a <em>piece</em> of furniture,&quot; &quot;two <em>sheets</em> of paper,&quot; &quot;three <em>glasses</em> of water,&quot; and so on.</p>
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  9. <p>In Chinese, <em>all</em> nouns are <em>mass nouns</em> so they all need measure words. Just as in English, different nouns are associated with different measure words (e.g. it wouldn't make sense to talk about &quot;a glass of furniture&quot; unless something went horribly wrong in the factory).</p>
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  10. <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
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  11. <div class="liju">
    12. 

  12. <ul>
    13. 

  13. <li>一 <em>个</em> 人 <span class="pinyin">yī <em>gè</em> rén</span><span class="trans">a person</span></li>
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  14. <li>两 <em>只</em> 猫 <span class="pinyin">liǎng <em>zhī</em> māo</span><span class="trans">two cats</span></li>
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  15. <li>三 <em>条</em> 鱼 <span class="pinyin">sān <em>tiáo</em> yú</span><span class="trans">three fish</span></li>
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  16. <li>四 <em>杯</em> 牛奶 <span class="pinyin">sì <em>bēi</em> niúnǎi</span><span class="trans">four glasses of milk</span></li>
    17. 

  17. <li>五 <em>瓶</em> 水 <span class="pinyin">wǔ <em>píng</em> shuǐ</span><span class="trans">five bottles of water</span></li>
    18. 

  18. <li>六 <em>块</em> 巧克力 <span class="pinyin">liù <em>kuài</em> qiǎokèlì</span><span class="trans">six pieces of chocolate</span></li>
    19. 

  19. <li>七 <em>盒</em> 茶叶 <span class="pinyin">qī <em>hé</em> cháyè</span><span class="trans">seven boxes of tea leaves</span></li>
    20. 

  20. <li>八 <em>台</em> 电脑 <span class="pinyin">bā <em>tái</em> diànnǎo</span><span class="trans">eight computers</span></li>
    21. 

  21. <li>九 <em>支</em> 玫瑰 <span class="pinyin">jiǔ <em>zhī</em> méiguī</span><span class="trans">nine roses</span></li>
    22. 

  22. <li>十 <em>个</em> 美女 <span class="pinyin">shí <em>gè</em> měinǚ</span><span class="trans">ten beautiful women</span></li>
    23. 

  23. </ul>
    24. 

  24. </div>
    25. 

  25. <p>Also remember that there isn't a one-to-one relationship between nouns and measure words. One measure word can be used with several different nouns:</p>
    26. 

  26. <div class="liju">
    27. 

  27. <ul>
    28. 

  28. <li>一 <em>条</em> 狗 <span class="pinyin">yī <em>tiáo</em> gǒu</span><span class="trans">a dog</span></li>
    29. 

  29. <li>一 <em>条</em> 河 <span class="pinyin">yī <em>tiáo</em> hé</span><span class="trans">a river</span></li>
    30. 

  30. <li>一 <em>条</em> 路 <span class="pinyin">yī <em>tiáo</em> lù</span><span class="trans">a road</span></li>
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  31. <li>一 <em>条</em> 龙 <span class="pinyin">yī <em>tiáo</em> lóng</span><span class="trans">a dragon</span></li>
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  32. <li>一 <em>条</em> 鱼 <span class="pinyin">yī <em>tiáo</em> yú</span><span class="trans">a fish</span></li>
    33. 

  33. <li>一 <em>条</em> 短信 <span class="pinyin">yī <em>tiáo</em> duǎnxìn</span><span class="trans">a text (message)</span></li>
    34. 

  34. </ul>
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  35. </div>
    36. 

  36. <p>And one noun can take different measure words in different situations:</p>
    37. 

  37. <div class="liju">
    38. 

  38. <ul>
    39. 

  39. <li>一 <em>块</em> <strong>巧克力</strong> <span class="pinyin">yī <em>kuài</em> <strong>qiǎokèlì</strong> </span><span class="trans">a piece of chocolate</span></li>
    40. 

  40. <li>一 <em>盒</em><strong>巧克力</strong> <span class="pinyin">yī <em>hé</em> <strong>qiǎokèlì</strong> </span><span class="trans">a box of chocolate</span></li>
    41. 

  41. <li>一 <em>颗</em> <strong>巧克力</strong> <span class="pinyin">yī <em>kē</em> <strong>qiǎokèlì</strong> </span><span class="trans">a small piece of chocolate</span></li>
    42. 

  42. </ul>
    43. 

  43. </div>
    44. 

  44. <h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
    45. 

  45. <ul>
    46. 

  46. <li><a href="Measure_words_for_verbs" title="wikilink">Measure words for verbs</a></li>
    47. 

  47. <li><a href="Measure_words_to_differentiate" title="wikilink">Measure words to differentiate</a></li>
    48. 

  48. </ul>
    49. 

  49. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
    50. 

  50. <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
    51. 

  51. <ul>
    52. 

  52. <li>Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_(linguistics)">Classifiers</a></li>
    53. 

  53. <li>Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun">Mass noun</a></li>
    54. 

  54. </ul>
    55. 

  55. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
    56. 

  56. <ul>
    57. 

  57. <li><a href="Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar" title="wikilink">Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar</a> (p. 33) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399373&amp;creativeASIN=1933330899">→buy</a></li>
    58. 

  58. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)</a> (pp. 232-3) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276385">→buy</a></li>
    59. 

  59. <li><a href="New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_1_(新实用汉语课本1)" title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)</a> (pp. 104-5) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=7561910401">→buy</a></li>
    60. 

  60. <li><a href="New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_1_(新实用汉语课本1)(2nd_ed)" title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)</a> (p. 122) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561926235/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399373&amp;creativeASIN=7561926235">→buy</a></li>
    61. 

  61. </ul>
    62. 

  62. <p>         </p>
    63. 

  63. <p><a href="Category:A2_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:A2 grammar points</a> <a href="Category:Measure_words" title="wikilink">Category:Measure words</a></p>
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