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  2. <p>You will often come across 因为……所以…… (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ...) in both written and spoken Chinese. This pattern will give your Chinese a clear logical structure, and can help make you more persuasive.</p>
    3. 

  3. <h2 id="using-因为-yīnwèi-by-itself-to-explain-causes">Using 因为 (yīnwèi) by Itself to Explain Causes</h2>
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  4. <p>A common way to explain causes in Chinese is with 因为 (yīnwèi). This is equivalent to &quot;because&quot; in English. Usually 因为 (yīnwèi) will begin a new phrase in a sentence.</p>
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  5. <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
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  6. <p>In this structure, we first state the result, and then give the reason in the next statement after the 因为 (yīnwèi).</p>
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  7. <div class="jiegou">
    8. 

  8. <p>Result, 因为 + Reason</p>
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  9. </div>
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  10. <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
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  11. <div class="liju">
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  12. <ul>
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  13. <li>他 学 得 很 快， <em>因为</em> 他 很 聪明。<span class="pinyin">Tā xué de hěn kuài, <em>yīnwèi</em> tā hěn cōngming.</span><span class="trans">He learns fast because he is smart.</span></li>
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  14. <li>我 爱 吃 四川 菜， <em>因为</em> 很 辣。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ ài chī Sìchuān cài, <em>yīnwèi</em> hěn là.</span><span class="trans"> I love eating Sichuan food because it's very spicy.</span></li>
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  15. <li>我 在 学习 中文 ， <em>因为</em> 我 想 去 中国。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài xuéxí Zhōngwén, <em>yīnwèi</em> wǒ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó.</span><span class="trans">I am studying Chinese because I want to go to China.</span></li>
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  16. <li>我 不 喜欢 她，<em>因为</em> 她 不 友好。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bù xǐhuan tā, <em>yīnwèi</em> tā bù yǒuhǎo.</span><span class="trans">I don't like her because she is very unfriendly.</span></li>
    17. 

  17. <li>今天 我们 很 忙，<em>因为</em> 有 很 多 工作。<span class="pinyin">Jīntiān wǒmen hěn máng, <em>yīnwèi</em> yǒu hěn duō gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans"> We are very busy today because we have lots of work.</span></li>
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  18. </ul>
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  19. </div>
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  20. <h2 id="using-所以-suǒyǐ-by-itself-to-explain-results">Using 所以 (suǒyǐ) by Itself to Explain Results</h2>
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  21. <p>Just as 因为 (yīnwèi) can be used to explain causes, 所以 (suǒyǐ) can be used to explain results. This is the equivalent of &quot;so…&quot; or &quot;therefore…&quot; in English.</p>
    22. 

  22. <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
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  23. <p>This pattern is similar to the expression using both 因为 (yīnwèi) and 所以 (suǒyǐ), but it leaves out the beginning 因为 (yīnwèi). This structure is more informal.</p>
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  24. <div class="jiegou">
    25. 

  25. <p>Reason, 所以 + Result</p>
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  26. </div>
    27. 

  27. <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
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  28. <div class="liju">
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  29. <ul>
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  30. <li>汉字 太 难 了，<em>所以</em> 我 不 想 学 。<span class="pinyin">Hànzì tài nán le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒ bù xiǎng xué.</span><span class="trans">Chinese characters are too hard, so I don't want to study them.</span></li>
    31. 

  31. <li>她 很 漂亮，<em>所以</em> 很 多 男孩 喜欢 她。<span class="pinyin">Tā hěn piàoliang, <em>suǒyǐ</em> hěn duō nánhái xǐhuan tā.</span><span class="trans">She is beautiful, so a lot of boys like her.</span></li>
    32. 

  32. <li>他 找到 工作 了， <em>所以</em> 很 高兴。<span class="pinyin">Tā zhǎodào gōngzuò le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> hěn gāoxìng.</span><span class="trans">He found a job so he's happy.</span></li>
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  33. <li>我 太 忙 了，<em>所以</em> 没有 时间 给 你 打 电话。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ tài máng le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> méiyǒu shíjiān gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà.</span><span class="trans">I was too busy, so I didn't have time to give you a call.</span></li>
    34. 

  34. <li>我们 公司 有 很 多 外国人，<em>所以</em> 我们 要 说 英文。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hěn duō wàiguó rén, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒmen yào shuō Yīngwén.</span><span class="trans">There are a lot of foreigners in our company, so we need to speak English.</span></li>
    35. 

  35. </ul>
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  36. </div>
    37. 

  37. <h2 id="using-因为-yīnwèi-and-所以-suǒyǐ-together">Using 因为 (yīnwèi) and 所以 (suǒyǐ) Together</h2>
    38. 

  38. <p>The full pattern 因为……所以…… (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ...) is used to clearly indicate cause and effect. They could be thought of as equating to: &quot;Since ___ happened, so ___ happened.&quot; It sounds weird to use both &quot;since&quot; and &quot;so&quot; in one sentence in English, but it makes everything crystal clear in Chinese.</p>
    39. 

  39. <h3 id="structure-2">Structure</h3>
    40. 

  40. <div class="jiegou">
    41. 

  41. <p>因为 + Cause, 所以 + Effect</p>
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  42. </div>
    43. 

  43. <p>This expresses that because of <em>cause</em>, therefore there is a <em>result</em>.</p>
    44. 

  44. <h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
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  45. <div class="liju">
    46. 

  46. <ul>
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  47. <li><em>因为</em> 我 有 一个 中国 女朋友，<em>所以</em> 我 要 学 中文。<span class="pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> wǒ yǒu yī gè Zhōngguó nǚpéngyou, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén.</span><span class="trans">Since I have a Chinese girlfriend, I need to study Chinese.</span></li>
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  48. <li><em>因为</em> 他 生病 了，<em>所以</em> 没 去 上课。<span class="pinyin"> <em>Yīnwèi</em> tā shēngbìng le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> méi qù shàngkè.</span><span class="trans">Since he was sick, he didn't go to class.</span></li>
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  49. <li><em>因为</em> 我 很 累，<em>所以</em> 要 休息。<span class="pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> wǒ hěn lèi, <em>suǒyǐ</em> yào xiūxi.</span><span class="trans">I'm very tired, so I want to rest.</span></li>
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  50. <li><em>因为</em> 太 远 了，<em>所以</em> 我 不 想 去。<span class="pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> tài yuǎn le, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒ bù xiǎng qù.</span><span class="trans">Since it's too far, I don't want to go.</span></li>
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  51. <li><em>因为</em> 太 忙， <em>所以</em> 我们 没有 时间 吃 中饭。 <span class="pinyin"><em>Yīnwèi</em> tài máng, <em>suǒyǐ</em> wǒmen méiyǒu shíjiān chī zhōngfàn.</span><span class="trans">We were too busy, so none of us had time to eat lunch.</span></li>
    52. 

  52. </ul>
    53. 

  53. </div>
    54. 

  54. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
    55. 

  55. <ul>
    56. 

  56. <li><a href="Stating_the_effect_before_the_cause" title="wikilink">Stating the effect before the cause</a> (advanced article)</li>
    57. 

  57. </ul>
    58. 

  58. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
    59. 

  59. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
    60. 

  60. <ul>
    61. 

  61. <li><a href="Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide" title="wikilink">Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide</a> (pp. 272-4) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0415700108">→buy</a></li>
    62. 

  62. <li><a href="Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar" title="wikilink">Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar</a> (p. 79) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399373&amp;creativeASIN=1933330899">→buy</a></li>
    63. 

  63. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)</a> (p. 108) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276385">→buy</a></li>
    64. 

  64. </ul>
    65. 

  65. <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
    66. 

  66. <ul>
    67. 

  67. <li>Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: <a href="http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0201.html">How to use 因为 and 由于</a></li>
    68. 

  68. </ul>
    69. 

  69. <p>              </p>
    70. 

  70. <p><a href="Category:A2_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:A2 grammar points</a></p>
    71.