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= Comparing &quot;gang&quot; and &quot;gangcai&quot; =


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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points B1]

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<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22just_now%22_with_%22gangcai%22 Expressing &quot;just now&quot; with &quot;gangcai&quot;] (A2)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22just%22_with_%22gang%22 Expressing &quot;just&quot; with &quot;gang&quot;] (A2)</li></ul>


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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Describing_actions Describing actions], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date Expressing time and date]

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%88%9A 刚], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%88%9A%E6%89%8D 刚才]

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Just just], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Just_now just now]

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-gang.jpg [[File:Comparing%20%22gang%22%20and%20%22gangcai%22%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/300px-Chinese-grammar-wiki-gang.jpg|300x300px|Chinese-grammar-wiki-gang.jpg]]]

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刚 (gāng) and 刚才 (gāngcái) are similar, but they differ on a few key uses.

<div id="toc" class="toc">

<div id="toctitle">

== Contents ==

<span class="toctoggle"> [[[#|hide]]] </span>

</div>
* [[#.E5.88.9A_as_.22Just_happened.22|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">刚 as &quot;Just happened&quot;</span>]]
** [[#.E5.88.9A_before_An_Verb|<span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">刚 before An Verb</span>]]
** [[#.E5.88.9A_before_An_Adjective|<span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">刚 before An Adjective</span>]]
* [[#.E5.88.9A.E6.89.8D_as_.22Just_Now.22|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">刚才 as &quot;Just Now&quot;</span>]]
* [[#.E5.88.9A_and_.E5.88.9A.E6.89.8D_with_.E4.BA.86|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">刚 and 刚才 with 了</span>]]
* [[#.E5.88.9A_and_.E5.88.9A.E6.89.8D_with_.E6.B2.A1|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">刚 and 刚才 with 没</span>]]
* [[#Example_Dialog|<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Example Dialog</span>]]
* [[#See_also|<span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span>]]
* [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]]
** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]]
** [[#Dictionaries|<span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dictionaries</span>]]


</div>
== <span id=".E5.88.9A_as_.22Just_happened.22" class="mw-headline">刚 as &quot;Just happened&quot;</span> ==

刚 is actually an adverb, and it is placed in front of the verb. It emphasizes that the action ''just'' happened a short time ago. It is similar to the English &quot;just.&quot; 刚刚 and 刚 are interchangeable in this case.

The key here is that a short time ago is relative and determined by the speaker. For this reason, 刚 can indicate that something &quot;just&quot; happened 1 second ago, 5 minutes ago, 2 hours ago, 3 weeks ago, or even a year ago. The absolute time is flexible, but from the speaker's perspective, it ''feels'' recent.

=== <span id=".E5.88.9A_before_An_Verb" class="mw-headline">刚 before An Verb</span> ===

A few examples:

<div class="liju">

* 他 ''刚'' 到 。<span class="expl">This gives the impression that not only did he just get here, but he should still be here.</span><span class="pinyin">Tā ''gāng'' dào.</span><span class="trans">He just arrived.</span>
* 我们 昨天 ''刚'' 到 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zuótiān ''gāng'' dào.</span><span class="trans">We just arrived yesterday.</span>
* 真 不巧 ，老板 ''刚'' 走 。<span class="pinyin">Zhēn bùqiǎo, lǎobǎn ''gāng'' zǒu.</span><span class="trans">What a bad coincidence. The boss just left.</span>


</div>
It would be wrong to use 刚才 instead:

<div class="liju">

* 他 ''刚才'' 到 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''gāngcái'' dào.</span>
* 我们 昨天 ''刚才'' 到 。<span class="expl">刚才 should be used for events a lot closer in time than 昨天.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zuótiān ''gāngcái'' dào.</span>
* 真 不巧 ，老板 ''刚才'' 走 。<span class="pinyin">Zhēn bùqiǎo, lǎobǎn ''gāngcái'' zǒu.</span>


</div>
And if you mean to say &quot;When I first arrived in Shanghai,&quot; use 刚 instead of 刚才:

<div class="liju">

* 我 ''刚'' 到 上海 的 时候 ，谁 都 不 认识 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāng'' dào Shànghǎi de shíhou, shéi dōu bù rènshi.</span><span class="trans">I didn't know anyone when I just came to Shanghai.</span>


</div>
=== <span id=".E5.88.9A_before_An_Adjective" class="mw-headline">刚 before An Adjective</span> ===

刚, as an adverb, can also be placed in front of the verb, while 刚才 can't be used this way.

A few examples:

<div class="liju">

* 天 ''刚'' 晴 。<span class="pinyin">Tiān ''gāng'' qíng.</span><span class="trans">The sky just cleared up.</span>
* 他 的 感冒 ''刚刚'' 好 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de gǎnmào ''gānggāng'' hǎo.</span><span class="trans">He just recovered from his cold.</span>
* 面包 ''刚'' 熟 ， 过 一会儿 再 吃 。 <span class="pinyin">Miànbāo ''gāng'' shóu, guò yīhuìr zài chī.</span><span class="trans">The bread just got done cooking. Eat in a little bit.</span>


</div>
== <span id=".E5.88.9A.E6.89.8D_as_.22Just_Now.22" class="mw-headline">刚才 as &quot;Just Now&quot;</span> ==

刚才 is a [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Time_noun time noun] (like 今天 and 现在), and it expresses that the time that has passed is really short, in near-absolute terms. We're talking no more than 1-30 minutes, in most situations. If it is placed before the verb, it emphasizes what happened in the time that has just passed. It is similar to the English &quot;'''just now'''.&quot;

A few examples:

<div class="liju">

* 他 ''刚才'' 哭 '''了''' 。<span class="expl">He was crying a moment ago but he stopped.</span><span class="pinyin">Tā ''gāngcái'' kū '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">He was crying just now.</span>
* 我 ''刚才'' 看到 他 '''了''' 。<span class="expl">Sounds like he's not here anymore; I just saw him, but don't see him now.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāngcái'' kàndào tā '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">I just now saw him.</span>
* 现在 我 感觉 比 ''刚才'' 好 一点 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài wǒ gǎnjué bǐ ''gāngcái'' hǎo yīdiǎn '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">I feel a little better now than just before.</span>


</div>
刚才, as a time noun, can directly modify a noun to indicate it is that one from &quot;just now&quot; or &quot;just before,&quot; while 刚 can't be used this way.

<div class="liju">

* ''刚'' '''的 事情''' 太 让 人 生气 了 。<span class="pinyin">''Gāng'' '''de shìqing''' tài ràng rén shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">What just happened is really upsetting.</span>
* ''刚才'' '''的 事情''' 太 让 人 生气 了 。<span class="pinyin">''Gāngcái'' '''de shìqing''' tài ràng rén shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">What just happened is really upsetting.</span>


</div>
== <span id=".E5.88.9A_and_.E5.88.9A.E6.89.8D_with_.E4.BA.86" class="mw-headline">刚 and 刚才 with 了</span> ==

You may have noticed that something interesting is going on with regards to [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86 了] in the sentences with 刚 and 刚才. Namely, 了 is not usually required in sentences with 刚, but it is usually required in sentences with 刚才. This is because 刚才 refers to a time in the recent past, and you're usually indicated that something happened just now (started and finished).

Take these sentences for example:

<div class="liju">

* 我 昨天 看 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān kàn le.</span><span class="trans">I looked at it yesterday.</span>
* 我 刚才 看 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gāngcái kàn le.</span><span class="trans">I looked at it just now.</span>


</div>
So these are all simple time &quot;subject + verb&quot; sentences. Notice that when they refer to the ''past'' (including the one with 刚才), the action is completed and you need 了. You don't need 了 for things that haven't happened yet (they're just plans, and nothing is completed). And remember that 刚才 ''always refers to the past.''

OK, now what about 刚? Why does it not need 了?

The key is that you don't need a 了 in a sentence with 刚 if the verb indicates a clear result. So, to use the 看 example from above:

<div class="liju">

* 我 ''刚'' '''看到''' 。<span class="expl">Adding a 到 to 看 gives the verb a meaning of the result of &quot;looking at.&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāng'' '''kàndào'''.</span><span class="trans">I just saw it.</span>
* 我 ''刚'' 看到 '''了''' 。<span class="expl">了 is not needed here as 看到 includes the result of &quot;looking at.&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāng'' kàndào '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">I just saw it.</span>
* 我 ''刚才'' 看到 '''了''' 。<span class="expl">了 is needed here as 刚才 always refers to the past.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāngcái'' kàndào '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">I saw it just now.</span>


</div>
A few more examples:

<div class="liju">

* 你 ''刚'' '''知道''' 吗 ？<span class="expl">The verb 知道 always includes the result of &quot;knowing.&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ ''gāng'' '''zhīdào''' ma?</span><span class="trans">You just found out?</span>
* 我 ''刚'' '''听说''' 。<span class="expl">The verb 听说 includes a clear enough indication of result.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāng'' '''tīngshuō'''.</span><span class="trans">I just heard.</span>
* 宝宝 ''刚'' '''醒''' 。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao ''gāng'' '''xǐng'''.</span><span class="expl">The verb 醒 includes a clear enough indication of result.</span><span class="trans">The baby just woke up.</span>


</div>
== <span id=".E5.88.9A_and_.E5.88.9A.E6.89.8D_with_.E6.B2.A1" class="mw-headline">刚 and 刚才 with 没</span> ==

OK, so there's also something going on with [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%B2%A1 没] in sentences with 刚 and 刚才. The deal here is that you can say something ''didn't happen '''just now''''' (刚才), but you can't say that something '''''just''' didn't happen'' (刚). [Saying that something &quot;just didn't happen&quot; only works in English if you interpret &quot;just&quot; to mean &quot;simply.&quot;]

The takeaway? Just don't use 刚 in sentences where you use 没 to negate the past.

<div class="liju">

* 我 ''刚'' '''没''' 看到 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāng'' '''méi''' kàndào.</span><span class="expl">Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.</span><span class="trans">I just didn't see it.</span>
* 我 ''刚'' '''没''' 听懂 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāng'' '''méi''' tīngdǒng.</span><span class="trans">I didn't understand just now.</span>


</div>
Use 没 with 刚才 to negate the past.

<div class="liju">

* 我 ''刚才'' '''没''' 看到 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāngcái'' '''méi''' kàndào.</span><span class="trans">I didn't see it just now.</span>
* 我 ''刚才'' '''没''' 听懂 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''gāngcái'' '''méi''' tīngdǒng.</span><span class="trans">I didn't understand just now.</span>


</div>
== <span id="Example_Dialog" class="mw-headline">Example Dialog</span> ==

<div class="liju">

* <span class="speaker">A:</span> 你 ''刚才'' 去 哪儿 了 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ ''gāngcái'' qù nǎr le?</span><span class="trans">Where did you go just now?</span>
* <span class="speaker">B:</span> 我 去 上 厕所 了 。''刚'' 回来 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ qù shàng cèsuǒ le. ''Gāng'' huílái.</span><span class="trans">I went to the bathroom. I just got back.</span>
* <span class="speaker">A:</span> 那 你 不 知道 ''刚才'' '''的''' 事 吧 ？<span class="pinyin">Nà nǐ bù zhīdào ''gāngcái'' '''de''' shì ba?</span><span class="trans">Then you don't know what happened just now?</span>
* <span class="speaker">B:</span> ''刚才'' 发生 了 什么 事 ？<span class="pinyin">''Gāngcái'' fāshēng le shénme shì?</span><span class="trans">What's just happened?</span>


</div>
== <span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> ==

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Just_now%22_with_%22gangcai%22 &quot;Just now&quot; with &quot;gangcai&quot;]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Just%22_with_%22gang%22 &quot;Just&quot; with &quot;gang&quot;]

== <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> ==

=== <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89 现代汉语八百词（增订本）] (pp. 216) [ →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A 现代汉语虚词例释] (pp. 190) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89 现代汉语八百词（增订本）] (pp. 217) [ →buy]
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=== <span id="Dictionaries" class="mw-headline">Dictionaries</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC5%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89 现代汉语词典（第5版）] (pp. 446) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]

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