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= Using &quot;ba&quot; sentences =


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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points B1]

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Similar to

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<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement Direction complement] (B1)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22bei%22_sentences Using &quot;bei&quot; sentences] (B1)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_uses_of_%22ba%22 Advanced uses of &quot;ba&quot;] (B2)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22jiang%22_as_a_formal_%22ba%22 Using &quot;jiang&quot; as a formal &quot;ba&quot;] (B2)</li></ul>


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Used for

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_passive_voice Expressing passive voice]

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%8A%8A 把]

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''Also known as: 把字句 (&quot;bǎ&quot;zìjù), 把 construction, preposition 把, disposal construction and pre-transitive 把.''
The '''把 (bǎ) sentence''' is a useful structure for focusing on the result or influence of an action. It's really common in Mandarin, but can feel a bit strange for English speakers at first.

<div id="toc" class="toc">

<div id="toctitle">

== Contents ==

<span class="toctoggle"> [[[#|hide]]] </span>

</div>
* [[#What_is_a_.E6.8A.8A_sentence.3F|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">What is a 把 sentence?</span>]]
* [[#Notes_about_.E6.8A.8A|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notes about 把</span>]]
* [[#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Two_Objects|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">把 Sentences with Two Objects</span>]]
* [[#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Complements|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">把 Sentences with Complements</span>]]
* [[#Forming_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Forming 把 Sentences</span>]]
** [[#Negating_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Negating 把 Sentences</span>]]
** [[#Question_Forms_of_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Question Forms of 把 Sentences</span>]]
** [[#Adverbs_in_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Adverbs in 把 Sentences</span>]]
** [[#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Aspect_Particles|<span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">把 Sentences with Aspect Particles</span>]]
** [[#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_and_Quantity_Phrase|<span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">把 Sentences and Quantity Phrase</span>]]
* [[#Verbs_for_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Verbs for 把 Sentences</span>]]
* [[#Other_Use_of_.E6.8A.8A|<span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Other Use of 把</span>]]
* [[#See_also|<span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span>]]
* [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]]
** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]]
** [[#Websites|<span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Websites</span>]]


</div>
== <span id="What_is_a_.E6.8A.8A_sentence.3F" class="mw-headline">What is a 把 sentence?</span> ==

A basic sentence in Mandarin is formed with a subject-verb-object (SVO) [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Word_order word order], as in English:

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + [Verb Phrase] + Obj.


</div>
A 把 sentence shakes things up a bit, and you get this structure:

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 把 + Obj. + [Verb Phrase]


</div>
Note that the '''object has moved''', and is preceded by 把. You now have SOV word order.

This is all well and good, but most students of Chinese, on learning about 把 sentences for the first time, have the same reaction: ''&quot;Why the hell would I ever use this structure? The SVO word order always works just fine, right?&quot;'' The answer is: well, no... not always. It's true that 把 sentences are often used to achieve somewhat subtle differences in emphasis, but there are also very good reasons to use 把 sentences when a regular sentence just won't do. Take this sentence for example:

<div class="liju">

* ''把'' '''书''' 放 '''在''' 桌子 '''上''' 。<span class="expl">&quot;Put the book on the table.&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">''Bǎ'' '''shū''' fàng '''zài''' zhuōzi '''shàng'''.</span>


</div>
How would you say this without the 把 construction? You might try this:

<div class="liju">

* 放 '''书''' 在 桌子 '''上''' 。<span class="pinyin">Fàng '''shū''' '''zài''' zhuōzi '''shàng'''.</span>

The only problem is that the above sentence is not grammatical. You can't put an object right after a verb, and then put other modifiers of the verb after the object. Here are other examples of how to successfully use 把 and 放 in the same sentence.

* 她 ''把'' '''我 的 手机''' 放 '''在''' 她 的 包 '''里''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bǎ'' '''wǒ de shǒujī''' fàng '''zài''' tā de bāo '''lǐ''' le.</span><span class="trans">She put my phone in her bag.</span>
* 他 ''把'' '''脏 衣服''' 放 '''在''' 床 '''下面''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bǎ'' '''zāng yīfu''' fàng '''zài''' chuáng '''xiàmiàn''' le.</span><span class="trans">He put his dirty laundry under his bed.</span>
* 你 是 不 是 ''把'' '''护照''' 放 '''在''' 行李箱 '''里''' 了 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shì bu shì ''bǎ'' '''hùzhào''' fàng '''zài''' xínglixiāng '''lǐ''' le?</span><span class="trans">Did you put your passport in your suitcase?</span>


</div>
== <span id="Notes_about_.E6.8A.8A" class="mw-headline">Notes about 把</span> ==

* The object is known. (It's already been mentioned or discussed previously.)
* 把字句 is often used to describe what happened to the object in some detail (it's not just a &quot;bare&quot; verb; there's &quot;more stuff&quot; after the verb).
* It's not necessarily used in past tense. You also use 把字句 for making a request or asking for a favor.

== <span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Two_Objects" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences with Two Objects</span> ==

The usual structure for 把 sentences, as described above, puts the object right after 把 for certain verbs, however, you can have two objects in a 把 sentence. Their use in a 把 sentence will also involve [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Prepositions prepositions].

They use the following structure:

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 把 + Obj. 1 + Verb + 给 + Obj. 2


</div>
Common verbs that take two objects include: 送 (sòng), 拿 (ná), 递 (dì), 卖 (mài), 借 (jiè), 还 (huán), 介绍 (jièshào).

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Subject
! 把
! ''Object 1''
! Verb
! Preposition
! ''Object 2''
!

!

|-
| 我们
| 把
| ''礼物''
| 送
| 给
| ''客人''
| 了
| 。
|-
|

| 把
| ''盐''
| 递
| 给
| ''我''
|

| 。
|-
| 他
| 把
| ''房子''
| 卖
| 给
| ''谁''
| 了
| ？
|-
| 我
| 把
| ''他''
| 介绍
| 给
| ''我 老板''
| 了
| 。
|}


</div>
== <span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Complements" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences with Complements</span> ==

Because 把 sentences are all about disposal, and [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Complements complements] in Mandarin often handle this issue, it's good to be aware of how these two grammar features interact.

[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement Result complements] work particularly well in 把 sentences. When you consider that both structures deal with the result or outcome of an action, this makes sense. The majority of result complements (except for perception verbs) fit in very well in a 把 construction. For example:

<div class="liju">

* 我 ''把'' 作业 做 '''完''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''bǎ'' zuòyè zuò '''wán''' le.</span><span class="trans">I finished doing my homework.</span>
* 老师 ''把'' 我 的 名字 读 '''错''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī ''bǎ'' wǒ de míngzì dú '''cuò''' le.</span><span class="trans">The teacher read my name wrong.</span>


</div>
[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement Direction complements] also work well in 把 constructions, for similar reasons. For example:

<div class="liju">

* 请 ''把'' 客人 带 '''进去''' 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng ''bǎ'' kèrén dài '''jìnqù'''.</span><span class="trans">Please take the guests inside.</span>
* ''把'' 我 的 眼镜 拿 '''过来''' 。<span class="pinyin">''Bǎ'' wǒ de yǎnjìng ná '''guòlái'''.</span><span class="trans">Please bring my glasses over here.</span>


</div>
Note that [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Potential_complement potential complements] do not appear in 把 sentences. This is because they are hypothetical, whereas a 把 sentence must describe what actually happens.

== <span id="Forming_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Forming 把 Sentences</span> ==

=== <span id="Negating_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Negating 把 Sentences</span> ===

To negate a 把 sentence, insert 不要 or 别 (present or future) or 没有 (past) directly in front of 把. You can't put it after 把, 'inside' the 把 construction, as this would break the rule about describing what happened to the object. It would be like saying &quot;What happened to ... was nothing.&quot; It doesn't sound natural.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ A few examples:
! Subject
! ''Negative''
! 把
! Object
! Verb Phrase
!

|-
| 阿姨
| ''没有''
| 把
| 房间
| 打扫 干净
| 。
|-
| 我
| ''没''
| 把
| 钱
| 借给 他
| 。
|-
| 你们
| ''不要''
| 把
| 这 件 事
| 告诉 她
| 。
|}


</div>
=== <span id="Question_Forms_of_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Question Forms of 把 Sentences</span> ===

You can make 把 sentences into questions in the usual three ways to form questions in Mandarin:

* With a question particle
* With a question word
* With positive-negative verbs

Some examples:

<div class="liju">

* 你们 ''把'' '''那个 问题''' 解决 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen ''bǎ'' '''nàge wèntí''' jiějué le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you solve that problem?</span>
* 你 ''把'' '''我 手机''' 放 在哪儿 了 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ ''bǎ'' '''wǒ shǒujī''' fàng zài nǎr le?</span><span class="trans">Where did you put my cell phone?</span>
* 他 ''把'' '''钱''' 借 给 谁 了 ？<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bǎ'' '''qián''' jiè gěi shéi le?</span><span class="trans">Who did he lend the money to?</span>
* 你 能不能 ''把'' '''你 房间''' 打扫 干净 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ néng bu néng ''bǎ'' '''nǐ fángjiān''' dǎsǎo gānjìng?</span><span class="trans">Can you clean your room or not?</span>


</div>
Be careful how you form questions with 把 sentences though. Remember that you have to have a definite object, and you have to describe the disposal of that object. A question form could easily get in the way of one of these conditions.

=== <span id="Adverbs_in_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Adverbs in 把 Sentences</span> ===

Adverbs can usually be placed before 把 or before the verb (the exception is negative adverbs, as described above). Adverbs in each of these positions can change the meaning in slightly different ways, as demonstrated with 都 in the examples below. In the first sentence, 我们都把作业做完了, 都 modifies 我们 to make &quot;We all finished the homework.&quot; In the second sentence, 都 modifies 咖啡 to make &quot;He finished all the coffee&quot;.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Subj.
! Adv.
! ''把''
! Object
! Adv.
! Verb Phrase
!

|-
| 我们
| '''都'''
| ''把''
| 作业
| ''''
| 做 完 了
| 。
|-
| 他
|

| ''把''
| 咖啡
| '''都'''
| 喝 完 了
| 。
|-
| 他
| '''已经'''
| 把
| 钱
|

| 还给 我 了
| 。
|-
| 我
| '''可能'''
| 把
| 手机
|

| 忘 在 朋友 家 了
| 。
|}


</div>
(Note the subtle difference in meaning between the first two sentences.)

=== <span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Aspect_Particles" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences with Aspect Particles</span> ===

The particles 了 and 着 can both be used with 把 constructions, while 过 cannot. This is because the object of a 把 construction must be obvious, or 'present' in some way in the context. 过 indicates some kind of action in the past, which suggests that the object is no longer present in the context, so it's not suitable for a 把 construction.

了 and 着, though, can be used to indicate that the disposal of the object is complete or ongoing, respectively.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Subject
! 把
! Object
! Verb
! ''Aspect particle''
!

|-
|

| 把
| 你 的 电脑
| 带
| ''着''
| 。
|-
|

| 把
| 门
| 开
| ''着''
| 。
|-
| 我
| 把
| 这件事
| 忘
| ''了''
| 。
|-
| 她
| 把
| 垃圾
| 扔
| ''了''
| 。
|}


</div>
=== <span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_and_Quantity_Phrase" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences and Quantity Phrase</span> ===

As mentioned above, the object of a 把 sentence must be something specific and definite. This might involve noun [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_word measure words], which will come after the 把 and before the object.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Subject
! 把
! ''Quantity Phrase''
! Noun
! Verb Phrase
!

|-
| 我
| 把
| 那 ''两 件''
| 脏 衣服
| 洗 干净 了
| 。
|-
| 他
| 把
| 最后 ''三 块''
| 蛋糕
| 吃 完 了
| 。
|-
| 你
| 把
| 这 ''几 句''
| 话
| 读 一下
| 。
|}


</div>
[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Verb_measure_words Verb measure words] are frequently used in 把 sentences and come at the end of a 把 sentence.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Subject
! 把
! Object
! Verb
! ''Quantity Phrase''
!

|-
|

| 把
| 课文
| 读
| ''一 遍''
| 。
|-
| 她
| 把
| 这个 字
| 写 了
| ''十 遍''
| 。
|-
| 他
| 把
| 手机
| 摔坏 过
| ''两 三 次''
| 。
|}


</div>
Note that in all of these sentences, the object is something specific and definite.

== <span id="Verbs_for_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Verbs for 把 Sentences</span> ==

Some verbs generally can't indicate what happened ''to'' the object. They only describe what the subject did. Here are some examples of verbs that do not generally work in 把 sentences:

* Psychological verbs
** 爱 (ài) to love
** 喜欢 (xǐhuan) to like
** 想 (xiǎng) to miss
** 了解 (liǎojiě) to know
** 害怕 (hàipà) to fear
** 恨 (hèn ) to hate

* Perception verbs
** 看 (kàn)
** 听 (tīng)
** 闻 (wén)
** 像 (xiàng)

== <span id="Other_Use_of_.E6.8A.8A" class="mw-headline">Other Use of 把</span> ==

It's important to note that 把 has other uses. The most common is as a [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_word measure word] for things with handles, or things that you hold. Examples include 一把伞, 一把枪, and 一把椅子. So, you've got to look at how 把 is being used in a sentence before you can understand its meaning.

To demonstrate the difference, here's a sentence with both kinds of 把 in:

<div class="liju">

* 请 你 ''把'' 那 '''把''' 伞 拿 给 我 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng nǐ ''bǎ'' nà '''bǎ''' sǎn ná gěi wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Please give me that umbrella.</span>


</div>
== <span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> ==

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement Result complement]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement Direction complement]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Bei_sentence Bei sentence]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Aspect_particles Aspect particles]

== <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> ==

=== <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95) A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)] (pp. 461-70) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar] (pp. 53-4) [http://amzn.to/2ykU1OD →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition] (pp. 159-64) [http://amzn.to/2h67UYa →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_Without_Tears_(%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C) Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)] (pp. 167-81) [ →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Common_Chinese_Patterns_330_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F330%E4%BE%8B) Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)] (pp. 3-5) [http://amzn.to/2zBMfhl →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed) Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)] (pp. 142-4) [http://amzn.to/2femBuy →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2 Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2] (pp. 225-7, 321-3) [http://amzn.to/2ftpILV →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar] (pp. 463-92) [http://amzn.to/2yOtlXc →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide] (pp. 354-5) [http://amzn.to/2xCpX2m →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2) New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)] (pp. 41-2, 88) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3) New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)] (pp. 15, 51, 101-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）] (pp. 369-70, 384, 398-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== <span id="Websites" class="mw-headline">Websites</span> ===

* Mandarin Essential Grammar (Yale): [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/ba/grammar/ba.htm 把 Construction]
* CTCFL (Oxford): [http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Ba.htm The 把 Construction]
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-magic-word-%E6%8A%8A Qing Wen - The Magic Word 把] (free podcast content)
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E6%8A%8A-humbug Qing Wen - 把 Humbug] (free podcast content)
* FluentU: [http://www.fluentu.com/chinese/blog/2015/04/01/mandarin-chinese-ba/ The Definite Guide to the Chinese Ba Construction]
* Mandarin Online: [http://xmmandarinonline.com/2010/10/grammar-the-ba3-sentence/ 把字句]
* Just Learn Chinese (blog): [http://justlearnchinese.com/lesson-10-how-to-understand-and-use-pattern-%E2%80%9C-%E6%8A%8A-%E2%80%9D-in-chinese/ Lesson 10 How to understand and use Chinese sentence pattern “…把…”?]

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