ChineseGrammarWiki/Programmes/B1.old/Grammar-wiki-B1-120.txt

{{Grammar Box}} 
You probably already know how to [[Expressing location with "zai⋯⋯shang/xia/li"|express location with "在"]]. In this article, we'll go more in depth as to how you can make idiomatic phrases using that construction. This kind of form is actually similar to some that we have in English, so it won't be too difficult.

===Expressing  "on the topic of" with "在⋯⋯上"===

This construction can be translated as "on the topic of" or "in regards to." It can be used to comment on an idea or concept. The examples below will help.

<div class="jiegou">

在 + Abstract Concepts + 上，  Comment Sentence

</div class>

====Examples====

<div class="liju">
* <em>在</em> 这 个 问题 <em>上</em>，我们 的 看法 不 一样。<span class="trans">In regards to this problem, our perspective is not the same.</span>
* 中国 和 美国 的 大学 <em>在</em>  教学 方法 <em>上</em> 有 很 大 的 不同。<span class="trans">As far as teaching methods, Chinese and American universities have big differences.</span>
* 这个 句子 <em>在</em> 语法 <em>上</em> 是 可以 说 的，就是 不 太 自然。<span class="trans">This sentence is okay to say in terms of grammar, it's just not very natural.</span>
* <em>在</em>美国 历史 <em>上</em>，最 重要 的 总统 是 谁？<span class="trans">In American history, who is the most important president?</span>
* 你 知道 南方人 和 北方人 <em>在</em> 生活 习惯 <em>上</em> 有 什么 不同 吗？<span class="trans">Do you know what the differences are between northern and southern people as far as living habits?</span>
</div>

===Expressing "under" with "在⋯⋯下"===

This construction can be translated (rather directly) as "under" and expresses conditions that affected the comment that comes after.

<div class="jiegou">

在 + Abstract Concept + 下， Result／Comment Sentence

</div>

====Examples====

<div class="liju">
* <em>在</em> 这样 的 环境 <em>下</em>长大，孩子 怎么 可能 会 快乐？<span class="trans">How can kids be happy growing up in this kind of environment?</span>
* <em>在</em> 这种 情况<em>下</em>，你 会 怎么 做？<span class="trans">In this situation, what would you do?</span>
* <em>在</em> 这样 的 天气 条件<em>下</em>开车 是 很 不 安全 的。<span class="trans">Under these weather conditions, driving is very unsafe.</span>
* <em>在</em> 老师 的 鼓励 <em>下</em>，我 决定 去 参加 这个面试。<span class="trans">With the encouragement of the teacher, I have decided to go participate in this interview.</span>
* <em>在</em> 朋友 的 支持 <em>下</em>，我 自己 开 了 一 个 公司。<span class="trans">With the support of my friends, I was able to start my own business.</span>
* <em>在</em>政府 的 帮助<em>下</em>，他 读 完 了 四年大学。<span class="trans">With the financial help of the government, he was able to finish four year college education.</span>

</div>

===Expressing "on the topic of" with "在⋯⋯方面"===

This construction is very similar to the "在⋯⋯上" above. It translates to "in relation to" or "on the topic of."

<div class="jiegou">

在 + Abstract Concept + 方面， Comment Sentence

</div>

====Examples====

<div class="liju">
*很多 中国 父母<em>在</em>家庭 教育 <em>方面</em>还有 很多 问题。<span class="trans">On the topic of raising children, Chinese parents still have a lot of problems.</span>
* <em>在</em> 工资 <em>方面</em>，我 觉得 我们 还 要 再 讨论 一下。<span class="trans">On the topic of salaries, I think we should discuss a little more.</span>
* <em>在</em> 网游 <em>方面</em>，他 是 专家。<span class="trans">On the topic of online games, he is an expert.</span>
* 我们 公司<em>在</em> 这些<em>方面</em> 的 服务 还不够好 。<span class="trans">In these aspects, our company's service is not good enough.</span>
* 他刚来公司不久，<em>在</em> 工作 <em>方面</em>，还需要你多帮帮他。<span class="trans">He hasn't been at the company very long. As far as doing his work, he still needs you to help him.</span>
* 中西方文化<em>在</em> 某些 <em>方面</em>是有很多共同点的。<span class="trans">In certain aspects, Chinese and Western culture have a lot in common.</span>

</div>

==See Also==

*[[Using "zai" with verbs]]
*[["Zai" following verbs]]
*[[Expressing existence in a place]]

==Sources and Further Readings==

===Books===

* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (p. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 264, 325)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)]] (pp. 40-1, 164-5, 185) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561913192/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561913192 →buy]
*[[卓越汉语－公司实战篇]] (p. 42, 145) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]


[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Used for|Expressing location}}
{{Used for|Indicating conditions}}
{{Basic Grammar|在|B1|在 + Concept + 上／下／方面|<em>在</em> 中国历史 <em>上</em> 我 很 感 兴趣。|grammar point|ASGH13JY}}
{{Rel char|上}}
{{Rel char|下}}
{{Rel char|方面}}
{{Similar|Expressing existence in a place}}
{{Similar|"Zai" following verbs}}
{{Similar|Complements with "dao," "gei" and "zai"}}
{{Similar|Expressing location with "zai⋯⋯shang/xia/li"}}
{{Similar|"On the basis of" with "ping"}}
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
{{Translation|in}}
{{Translation|at}}
{{Translation|on}}