ChineseGrammarWiki/Programmes/B1.old/Grammar-wiki-B1-38.txt

{{Grammar Box}} 

什么的(shénme de) is an informal way to express "etc.," and is used to end a list of items when it is obvious to the listener what class of things the speaker is talking about. 什么的 can also be used after a single item if it is obvious enough what might follow. 

===Structure===

<div class="jiegou">

List + 什么的

</div>

===Examples===

<div class="liju">
* 欧洲 有 哪些 国家？法国，英国，德国 <em>什么 的</em>。 反正 都 是 些 小 国家！<span class="trans">Which countries are in Europe? France, England, Germany, etc. Anyway, they are all small countries!</span>
* 像 数学 啊，化学 啊，英语 啊 <em>什么的</em>，我 都 觉得 超级 无聊，不 想 学！<span class="trans">Math, chemistry, English, and so on. I think they are all really boring. I don't want to study them!</span>
* 游泳 啊 <em>什么的</em> 对 身体 有 好处。<span class="trans">Swimming and such is good for the body.</span>
</div>

It can be a little impolite to use 什么的 after a list of peoples names, in which case [[Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng"|等]] can be used in place of 什么的. When referring to a list of friends in informal contexts there is no problem using 什么的.

==See also==
*[[Listing Things with "a"]]
*[[Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng"]]
*[["Stuff like that" with "zhileide"]]

== Sources and further reading ==
=== Books ===
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) ]] (pp.304-7) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp.121) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy] 
*[[卓越汉语－公司实战篇]] (pp. 122-3) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]


[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|什么|B1|⋯⋯什么的|我 买 了 苹果 ，橘子 ，香蕉 <em>什么的</em> 。|grammar point|ASGDIDAC}}
{{Similar|Listing Things with "a"}}
{{Similar|"Stuff like that" with "zhileide"}}
{{POS|Auxiliary Words}}
{{Used for|Listing}}
{{Translation|Etc.}}