ChineseGrammarWiki/Programmes/B1.old/Grammar-wiki-B1-83.txt

{{Grammar Box}}

Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb ''before'' the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. [[给]] (gěi) is one of those exceptions; it sometimes comes before the verb, and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.

== Basic Pattern ==

=== Structure ===

Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.
<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + Verb + 给 + [Recipient] + Obj.

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

* 他 <em>送给</em> 了 我 一 束 花。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>sòng gěi</em> le wǒ yī shù huā.</span><span class="trans"> He gave me a bouquet of flowers.</span>
* 这 个 老板 <em>卖给</em> 了 我 一 条 死 鱼。<span class="pinyin">Zhège lǎobǎn <em>mài gěi</em> le wǒ yītiáo sǐ yú.</span><span class="trans"> This boss sold me a dead fish.</span>
* 我 要 <em>还给</em> 你 三 十 块 钱。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <em>huán gěi</em> nǐ sānshí kuài qián.</span><span class="trans"> I need to return 30rmb to you.</span>
* 房东 <em>租给</em> 了 我 一 个 很 便宜 的 房子。<span class="pinyin">Fángdōng <em>zū gěi</em> le wǒ yīgè hěn piányi de fángzi.</span><span class="trans">The landlord rented a very cheap house to me.</span>
* 我 <em>借给</em> 了 他 一 本 书。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>jiè gěi</em> le tā yī běn shū.</span><span class="trans"> I lent him a book.</span>
* 我 要 糖，他 <em>递给</em> 了 我 一 瓶 盐。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào táng, tā <em>dì gěi</em> le wǒ yī píng yán.</span><span class="trans"> I wanted sugar, he handed me a bottle of salt.</span>
* 姐姐 <em>分给</em> 了 我 一块 蛋糕。<span class="pinyin">Jiějie <em>fēn gěi</em> le wǒ yīkuài dàngāo.</span><span class="trans"> Older sister gave me a piece of cake.</span>
* 老师 <em>传授给</em> 了 学生 很多 经验。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī <em>chuánshòu gěi</em> le xuésheng hěn duō jīngyàn.</span><span class="trans"> The teacher passed on a lot of experience to us.</span>
* 我们 <em>献给</em> 了 老师 一 首 歌。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>xiàn gěi</em> le lǎoshī yī shǒu gē.</span><span class="trans"> We dedicated a song to the teacher.</span>
* 这些 校友 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校 二 十 万。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē xiàoyǒu <em>juān gěi</em> le xuéxiào èrshí wàn.</span><span class="trans">These alumni donated two hundred thousand to the school.</span> 
* 主人 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗 一 块 肉。<span class="pinyin">Zhǔrén <em>shǎng gěi</em> le xiǎo gǒu yīkuài ròu.</span><span class="trans"> The owner rewarded his dog with a piece of meat.</span>
* 一 个 孩子 <em>交给</em> 了 我 一 封 信。<span class="pinyin">Yīgè xiǎohái <em>jiāo gěi</em> le wǒ yī fēng xìn.</span><span class="trans"> A child gave me a letter.</span>

</div>

== Pattern Using 把 ==

=== Structure ===
Additionally, you can add [[把]] into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given. 

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Somebody

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

* 他 <strong>把</strong> 一 束 花 <em>送给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Tā <strong>bǎ</strong> yī shù huā <em>sòng gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">He gave me a bouquet of flowers.</span>
* 这 个 老板 <strong>把</strong> 一 条 死鱼 <em>卖给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Zhège lǎobǎn <strong>bǎ</strong> yītiáo sǐ yú <em>mài gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">This boss sold me a dead fish.</span>
* 房东 <strong>把</strong> 一 个 很 便宜 的 房子 <em>租给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Fángdōng <strong>bǎ</strong> yī gè hěn piányi de fángzi <em>zū gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">The landlord rented a very cheap house to me.</span>
* 我 <strong>把</strong> 书 <em>借给</em> 了 他。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>bǎ</strong> shū <em>jiè gěi</em> le tā.</span><span class="trans">I lent him a book.</span>
* 我 要 糖，他 <strong>把</strong> 一 瓶 盐 <em>递给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào táng, tā <strong>bǎ</strong> yī píng yán <em>dì gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">I wanted sugar, he handed me a bottle of salt.</span>
* 姐姐 <strong>把</strong> 一 块 蛋糕 <em>分给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Jiějie <strong>bǎ</strong> yīkuài dàngāo <em>fēn gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Older sister gave me a piece of cake.</span>
* 老师 <strong>把</strong> 很 多 经验 <em> 都 传授 给</em> 了 学生。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī <strong>bǎ</strong> hěn duō jīngyàn <em> dōu chuánshòu gěi</em> le xuésheng.</span><span class="trans">The teacher passed on a lot of experience to us.</span>
* 我们 <strong>把</strong> 一 首 歌 <em>献给</em> 了 老师。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <strong>bǎ</strong> yī shǒu gē <em>xiàn gěi</em> le lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans"> We dedicated a song to the teacher.</span>
* 这些 校友 <strong>把</strong> 二 十 万 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē xiàoyǒu <strong>bǎ</strong> èrshí wàn <em>juān gěi</em> le xuéxiào.</span><span class="trans">These alumnus donated two hundred thousand to the school.</span> 
* 主人 <strong>把</strong> 一 块 肉 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗。<span class="pinyin">Zhǔrén <strong>bǎ</strong> yīkuài ròu <em>shǎng gěi</em> le xiǎo gǒu.</span><span class="trans">The owner rewarded his dog with a piece of meat.</span>
* 一 个 孩子 <strong>把</strong> 一 封 信 <em>交给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Yī gè xiǎohái <strong>bǎ</strong> yī fēng xìn <em>jiāo gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">A child gave me a letter.</span>
</div>

=== Exception to the 把 Pattern: 嫁 ===

Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.

<div class="liju">

* 她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 的 老头。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒu qián de lǎotóu.</span>

</div>

If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do this:

<div class="liju">

* 她 的 爸爸 <strong>把</strong> 她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 的 老头。<span class="pinyin">Tā de bàba <strong>bǎ</strong> tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒu qián de lǎotóu.</span>

</div>

==Academic Debate==

Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after.  Why have it both ways?  There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a [[preposition]] or a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of [[complement]].  This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.

==See also==

*[[Verbs with "gei"]]
*[["for" with "gei"]]
*[[Expressing passive voice with "gei"]]
*[[Advanced uses of "ba"]]

== Sources and further reading ==

=== Books ===

*[[现代汉语虚词例释]] (p. 196)[http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]

=== Dictionaries ===
* [[现代汉语词典（第5版）]] (p. 464) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]

[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb +  给 + Somebody|他 <em>送给</em> 了 我 一 束 花。|grammar point|ASGMMHTQ}}
{{Rel char|把}}
{{Similar|"All Along" with "yuanlai"}}   
{{Similar|Expressing passive voice with "gei"}}
{{Similar|Advanced uses of "ba"}}
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
{{POS|Verbs}}
{{Translation|to}}
{{Translation|give}}