ChineseGrammarWiki/Programmes/B1.old/Grammar-wiki-B1-98.txt

{{Grammar Box}} 

[[Category:**URGENT**]]

结果补语十分常见，一些口语中常用的形容词和单音节动词都可以做结果补语。

== Using Adjectives ==

好 (hǎo): It implies that something is complete or done well. 
Forming a [[result complement]] with 好 has a very similar meaning to [["-wan" result complement|forming one with 完]]. It expresses that the action has been completed successfully.

错 (cuò): It's used to express making mistakes.
To express that an action resulted in an error, you can use a result complement with 错. This covers what is often expressed with the adverb "incorrectly" in English.

其他常见的做补语的形容词：晚、饱、坏、破、清楚、明白、干净。

=== Structure ===

When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a [[Topic-comment sentences|topic]]. This means the object is said first and the subject is often omitted:

<div class="jiegou">
Verb + Adj. + 了
</div>

<div class="jiegou">
没 + Verb + Adj. 
</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

*我们 吃 <em>好</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen chī <em>hǎo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">We finished eating.</span>
*作业 做 <em>好</em> 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Zuòyè zuò <em>hǎo</em> le ma ? </span><span class="trans">Did you finish doing your homework?</span>
*这 个 字 写 <em>错</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Zhège zì xiě <em>cuò</em> le.</span><span class="trans">You wrote this character wrong.</span>
*我 没 记 <em>错</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ méi jì <em>cuò</em>.</span><span class="trans">I didn't remember incorrectly.</span>
*你们 来 <em>晚</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen lái <em>wǎn</em> le.</span><span class="trans">You came late.</span>
*你 没 吃 <em>饱</em> 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ méi chī <em>bǎo</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you not full?</span>
*弟弟 玩 <em>坏</em> 了 哥哥 的 玩具 。 <span class="pinyin">Dìdi wán <em>huài</em> le gēge de wánjù.</span><span class="trans">The little brother broke his older brother's toy.</span>
*宝宝 的 头 是 怎么 撞 <em>破</em> 的 ？<span class="pinyin">Bǎobǎo de tóu shì zěnme zhuàng <em>pò</em> de?</span><span class="trans">How did the baby hit his head?</span>
*杯子 是 谁 摔 <em>坏</em> 的 ？<span class="pinyin">Bēizi shì shéi shuāi <em>huài</em> de?</span><span class="trans">Who broke the cup?</span>
*大家 都 听 <em>清楚</em> 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu tīng <em>qīngchu</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Does everyone hear this clearly?</span>
*房间 打扫 <em>干净</em> 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Fángjiān nǐ dǎsǎo <em>gānjìng</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Is your room all cleaned up?</span>
*衣服 没 洗 <em>干净</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yīfu méi <em>gānjìng</em>.</span><span class="trans">The clothes aren't clean.</span>

</div>

== Using One-syllable Verb ==

除了一些单音节形容词和双音节形容词可以做结果补语，少量单音节动词也可以做结果补语。如"见、懂、走、掉"等，这类动词非常有限。

要注意的是："掉"有"离开、分离"的意义，跟"掉"搭配的动词也必须有"离开、分离"的意义。

=== Examples === 

<div class="liju">

*老师 拿 <em>走</em> 了 我 的 iPad 。 <span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī ná <em>zǒu</em> le wǒ de iPad.</span><span class="trans">The teacher took away my iPad.</span>
*小偷 偷 <em>走</em> 了 我 的钱包 。 <span class="pinyin">Xiǎotōu tōu <em>zǒu</em> le wǒ de qiánbāo.</span><span class="trans">The thief stole my wallet.</span>
*不要 了，扔<em>掉</em> 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Bù yào le, rēng <em>diào</em> bā.</span><span class="trans">I don't want it any more. Throw it away.</span>
*太 热 了 ，外套 脱 <em>掉</em> 吧 。 <span class="pinyin">Tài rè le, wàitào tuō <em>diào</em> bā.</span><span class="trans">It‘s too hot. Let's take off our jackets.</span>
*我 刚刚 卖 <em>掉</em> 了 我 的 旧 手机 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gānggāng mài <em>diào</em> le wǒ de jiù shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">I just sold my old cell phone.</span>

</div>

== Compared with Potential Complements ==

<div class="liju">

{| class="wikitable" style="width:40em"
|+Result and Potential Complements
|-
! Result Complement !! Aff. Potential Complement !! Neg. Potential Complement
|-
| 做 完 || 做 <em>得</em> 完 || 做 <em>不</em> 完 
|-
| 听 懂 || 听 <em>得</em> 懂 || 听 <em>不</em> 懂  
|-
| 看 清楚 || 看 <em>得</em> 清楚 || 看 <em>不</em> 清楚  
|-
|-
| 洗 干净 ||洗 <em>得</em> 干净 || 洗 <em>不</em> 干净  
|-
|}

</div>

==See also==

{{Similar|"-wan" result complement}}
{{Similar|Result complement "-qilai"}}

All result complements work particularly well in a [[Ba sentence|把 sentence]].

== Sources  and   further reading ==

===Books===

* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 43- 4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 233-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]


[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
[[Category:Result complement]]

{{Basic Grammar|好|B1|Verb + 好|我们 吃 <em>好</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGNNMST}}
{{Rel char|了}}
{{Similar|"-wan" result complement}}
{{Similar|Result complement "-qilai"}}
{{Used for|Expressing result}}
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
{{Structure|Complements}}
{{Subprop|Result complement}}
{{Similar|Expressing not knowing how to do something using "hao"}}