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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2. 

  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    3. 

  3. <head>
    4. 

  4. <meta name="generator" content=
    5. 

  5. "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" />
    6. 

  6. <title></title>
    7. 

  7. </head>
    8. 

  8. <body>
    9. 

  9. <p>You may have learned that <a href=
    10. 

  10. "Expressing_actions_in_progress" title="wikilink">在 (zài)</a> and
    11. 

  11. <a href="Expressing_actions_in_progress" title="wikilink">正在
    12. 

  12. (zhèngzài)</a> can be used before <a href="verbs" class="uri"
    13. 

  13. title="wikilink">verbs</a> to express that an action is
    14. 

  14. <em>ongoing</em> or <em>in progress</em>. They are used to create
    15. 

  15. the Mandarin equivalent of <em>present continuous</em> in English.
    16. 

  16. But that pattern is actually a part of a longer, fuller pattern.
    17. 

  17. It's rarely used in its full form, but bits and pieces of it are
    18. 

  18. frequently used in everyday speech, so it's important to know the
    19. 

  19. full form, even if you don't use it regularly yourself.</p>
    20. 

  20. <h2 id="structure">Structure</h2>
    21. 

  21. <div class="jiegou">
    22. 

  22. <p>Subj. + 正在 + Verb + 着 + Obj. + 呢</p>
    23. 

  23. </div>
    24. 

  24. <p>It's important to remember that <strong>virtually every part of
    25. 

  25. the above pattern is <em>optional</em></strong>, so you're going to
    26. 

  26. see all sorts of variations of it (and rarely the full form). The
    27. 

  27. most common variation is just the "<a href=
    28. 

  28. "Expressing_actions_in_progress" title="wikilink">在 + V</a>"
    29. 

  29. pattern that you probably already learned long ago. Another common
    30. 

  30. variation is "<a href="Expressing_actions_in_progress" title=
    31. 

  31. "wikilink">正 + V</a>" pattern.</p>
    32. 

  32. <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
    33. 

  33. <p>Some examples using the verb phrase 上汉语课:</p>
    34. 

  34. <div class="liju">
    35. 

  35. <ul>
    36. 

  36. <li>我们 <em>在</em> 上 汉语 课。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zài</em>
    37. 

  37. shàng Hànyǔ kè.</span></li>
    38. 

  38. <li>我们 <em>在</em> 上 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen
    39. 

  39. <em>zài</em> shàng Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    40. 

  40. <li>我们 <em>在</em> 上 <em>着</em> 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class=
    41. 

  41. "pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zài</em> shàng <em>zhe</em> Hànyǔ kè
    42. 

  42. <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    43. 

  43. <li>我们 <em>正在</em> 上 汉语 课。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen
    44. 

  44. <em>zhèngzài</em> shàng Hànyǔ kè.</span></li>
    45. 

  45. <li>我们 <em>正在</em>上 汉语课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen
    46. 

  46. <em>zhèngzài</em> shàng Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    47. 

  47. <li>我们 <em>正在</em>上 <em>着</em> 汉语课 <em>呢</em>。<span class=
    48. 

  48. "pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zhèngzài</em> shàng <em>zhe</em> Hànyǔ kè
    49. 

  49. <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    50. 

  50. <li>我们 上 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen shàng Hànyǔ kè
    51. 

  51. <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    52. 

  52. <li>我们 上 <em>着</em> 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen
    53. 

  53. shàng <em>zhe</em> Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span><span class=
    54. 

  54. "trans">All these sentences mean "We are having a Chinese
    55. 

  55. lesson."</span></li>
    56. 

  56. </ul>
    57. 

  57. </div>
    58. 

  58. <p>Some examples using the verb phrase 看报纸:</p>
    59. 

  59. <div class="liju">
    60. 

  60. <ul>
    61. 

  61. <li>她 <em>在</em> 看 报纸。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zài</em> kàn
    62. 

  62. bàozhǐ.</span></li>
    63. 

  63. <li>她 看 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā kàn bàozhǐ
    64. 

  64. <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    65. 

  65. <li>她 看<em>着</em> 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā kàn
    66. 

  66. <em>zhe</em> bàozhǐ <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    67. 

  67. <li>她 <em>正在</em> 看 报纸。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zhèngzài</em>
    68. 

  68. kàn bàozhǐ.</span></li>
    69. 

  69. <li>她 <em>正</em> 看 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā
    70. 

  70. <em>zhèng</em> kàn bàozhǐ <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    71. 

  71. <li>她 <em>正</em> 看 <em>着</em> 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā
    72. 

  72. <em>zhèng</em> kàn <em>zhe</em> bàozhǐ
    73. 

  73. <em>ne</em>.</span><span class="trans">All these sentences mean
    74. 

  74. "She is reading the newspaper."</span></li>
    75. 

  75. </ul>
    76. 

  76. </div>
    77. 

  77. <p>Some examples using the verb phrase 喝啤酒:</p>
    78. 

  78. <div class="liju">
    79. 

  79. <ul>
    80. 

  80. <li>我 <em>在</em> 喝 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zài</em> hē
    81. 

  81. píjiǔ.</span></li>
    82. 

  82. <li>我 喝 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hē píjiǔ
    83. 

  83. <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    84. 

  84. <li>我 喝 着 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hē zhe píjiǔ
    85. 

  85. <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    86. 

  86. <li>我 <em>正在</em> 喝 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ
    87. 

  87. <em>zhèngzài</em> hē píjiǔ <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    88. 

  88. <li>我 <em>正</em> 喝 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ
    89. 

  89. <em>zhèng</em> hē píjiǔ <em>ne</em>.</span></li>
    90. 

  90. <li>我 <em>正</em> 喝 <em>着</em> 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ
    91. 

  91. <em>zhèng</em> hē <em>zhe</em> píjiǔ.</span><span class="trans">All
    92. 

  92. these sentences mean "I am drinking beer."</span></li>
    93. 

  93. </ul>
    94. 

  94. </div>
    95. 

  95. <p>Some examples using the <a href="separable_verbs" title=
    96. 

  96. "wikilink">separable verb</a> 唱歌:</p>
    97. 

  97. <div class="liju">
    98. 

  98. <ul>
    99. 

  99. <li>他们 <em>正在</em> 唱歌。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>zhèngzài</em>
    100. 

  100. chànggē.</span></li>
    101. 

  101. <li>他们 <em>正</em> 唱 <em>着</em> 歌。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen
    102. 

  102. <em>zhèng</em> chàng <em>zhe</em> gē.</span></li>
    103. 

  103. <li>他们 唱 <em>着</em> 歌。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen chàng <em>zhe</em>
    104. 

  104. gē.</span></li>
    105. 

  105. <li>他们 唱<em>着</em> 歌 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen chàng
    106. 

  106. <em>zhe</em> gē <em>ne</em>.</span><span class="trans">All these
    107. 

  107. sentences mean "They are singing."</span></li>
    108. 

  108. </ul>
    109. 

  109. </div>
    110. 

  110. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
    111. 

  111. <ul>
    112. 

  112. <li><a href="Aspect_particle_&quot;zhe&quot;" title=
    113. 

  113. "wikilink">Aspect particle "zhe"</a></li>
    114. 

  114. <li><a href="Expressing_actions_in_progress" title=
    115. 

  115. "wikilink">Expressing actions in progress</a></li>
    116. 

  116. </ul>
    117. 

  117. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
    118. 

  118. reading</h2>
    119. 

  119. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
    120. 

  120. <ul>
    121. 

  121. <li><a href=
    122. 

  122. "Chinese_Grammar_Without_Tears_(%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C)"
    123. 

  123. title="wikilink">Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)</a>
    124. 

  124. (pp. 54-7) <a href=
    125. 

  125. "http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;asin=B0041UGAJU&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU">
    126. 

  126. →buy</a></li>
    127. 

  127. <li><a href=
    128. 

  128. "Common_Chinese_Patterns_330_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F330%E4%BE%8B)"
    129. 

  129. title="wikilink">Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)</a> (pp.
    130. 

  130. 321) <a href=
    131. 

  131. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399373&amp;creativeASIN=7802006473">
    132. 

  132. →buy</a></li>
    133. 

  133. <li><a href="Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar"
    134. 

  134. title="wikilink">Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference
    135. 

  135. Grammar</a> (pp. 217-26) <a href=
    136. 

  136. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0520066103">
    137. 

  137. →buy</a></li>
    138. 

  138. <li><a href="Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide"
    139. 

  139. title="wikilink">Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical
    140. 

  140. Guide</a> (pp. 216-8) <a href=
    141. 

  141. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0415700108">
    142. 

  142. →buy</a></li>
    143. 

  143. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title=
    144. 

  144. "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (pp.
    145. 

  145. 106-7) <a href=
    146. 

  146. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276709">
    147. 

  147. →buy</a></li>
    148. 

  148. <li><a href=
    149. 

  149. "40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89"
    150. 

  150. title="wikilink">40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course
    151. 

  151. (基础汉语40课上册）</a> (p. 157)<a href=
    152. 

  152. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=allset-20">→buy</a></li>
    153. 

  153. </ul>
    154. 

  154. <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
    155. 

  155. <ul>
    156. 

  156. <li>ChinesePod: <a href=
    157. 

  157. "http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-actions-in-progress">
    158. 

  158. Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: Actions in Progress</a> (free
    159. 

  159. podcast content)</li>
    160. 

  160. </ul>
    161. 

  161. <p><a href="Category:B1_grammar_points" title=
    162. 

  162. "wikilink">Category:B1 grammar points</a></p>
    163. 

  163. </body>
    164. 

  164. </html>
    165.