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<head>
  <title>Chinese Grammar Wiki: A1</title>
  <link href="../Styles/main.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>Chinese Grammar Wiki: A1</h1>

  <p>"A1" (Beginner) is the first and lowest level used on the Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to <b>HSK Levels 1-2</b>.</p>

  <p>There are <b>40</b> total grammar points in the list below.</p>

 
      <h2>Contents</h2>
  
  
<div class="contents">
	<ul>
		<li>1 Parts of Speech <br/>
		</li>
		<ul>
			<li>1.1 Adverbs</li>
			<li>1.2 Conjunctions</li>
			<li>1.3 Numbers</li>
			<li>1.4 Particles</li>
			<li>1.5 Verbs</li>
			<ul>
				<li>1.5.1 Auxiliary verbs </li>
				<li>1.5.2 Verb phrases </li>
			</ul>
		</ul>
		<li>2 Grammatical Structures </li>
		<ul>
			<li>2.1 Basics </li>
			<li>2.2 Question Forms </li>
		</ul>
		<li>3 Comparisons </li>
		<ul>
			<li>3.1 Numbers</li>
		</ul>
		<li>4 See Also</li>
	</ul>
</div>

<hr/>
  <h2>Parts of Speech</h2>

  <h3>Adverbs</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Negation of "you" with "mei"
        </td>

        <td>
          没 + 有
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>没有</em> 钱 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Standard negation with "bu"
        </td>

        <td>
          不 + Verb / Adj.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">他们 <em>不</em> 是 坏 孩子。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          The "all" adverb "dou"
        </td>

        <td>
          都 + Verb / Adj.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我们 <em>都</em> 住 在 上海。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          The "also" adverb "ye"
        </td>

        <td>
          也 + Verb / Adj.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">昨天 很 冷，今天 <em>也</em> <strong>很</strong> 冷。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Conjunctions</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing "and" with "he"
        </td>

        <td>
          Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>和</em> 他 都 不 去。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Offering choices with "haishi"
        </td>

        <td>
          A + 还是 + B ?
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">你 要 喝 茶 <em>还是</em> 咖啡 ?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Numbers</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Age with "sui"
        </td>

        <td>
          Subj. + Number + 岁
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 20 <em>岁</em> 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Measure word "ge"
        </td>

        <td>
          Number + 个 + Noun
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一 <em>个</em> 人 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Structure of dates
        </td>

        <td>
          Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 日
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">今天 是 <em>2011年 11月 11日/号</em> 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Structure of days of the week
        </td>

        <td>
          星期 + Number
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">今天 <em>星期三</em> 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Structure of numbers
        </td>

        <td>
          Number + Unit
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">三 百 五 十 九。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Structure of times (basic)
        </td>

        <td>
          Number + 点(钟)
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">现在 <em>十一点</em> 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Particles</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing close possession without "de"
        </td>

        <td>
          Pronoun + Noun
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 女朋友</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing possession with "de"
        </td>

        <td>
          Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 的 <em>老师</em></span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Questions with "ne"
        </td>

        <td>
          ⋯⋯呢 ?
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 很 好。你 <em>呢</em> ?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Suggestions with "ba"
        </td>

        <td>
          Command + 吧
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我们 走 <em>吧</em> 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Verbs</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing existence in a place with "zai"
        </td>

        <td>
          在 + Place
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">老师 <em>在 上海</em> 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing existence with "you"
        </td>

        <td>
          Place + 有 + Obj.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我们 学校 <em>有</em> 很 多 学生。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing possession with "you"
        </td>

        <td>
          Subj. + 有 + Obj.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>有</em> 钱。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Using the verb "jiao"
        </td>

        <td>
          叫 + Name
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">你 <em>叫</em> 什么 名字 ？</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Using the verb "qu"
        </td>

        <td>
          去 + Place
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>去</em> 学校。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Using the verb "xing"
        </td>

        <td>
          姓 + Surname
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">你 <em>姓</em> 什么 ？</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h4>Auxiliary verbs</h4>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing "be going to" with "yao"
        </td>

        <td>
          Subj. + 要 + Verb (+ 了)
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>要</em> 去 吃饭，你 去 吗？</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing a learned skill with "hui"
        </td>

        <td>
          会 + Verb
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">他 <em>会 说</em> 中文 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing ability or possibility with "neng"
        </td>

        <td>
          能 + Verb
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">中文 这么 难，你 <em>能</em> 学 好 吗？</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing permission with "keyi"
        </td>

        <td>
          可以 + Verb
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">这里 <em>可以</em> 吸烟 吗?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Wanting to do something with "yao"
        </td>

        <td>
          要 + Verb
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>要</em> 吃饭 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h4>Verb phrases</h4>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          How to do something with "zenme"
        </td>

        <td>
          怎么 + Verb ?
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi"><em>怎么</em> 走?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Negation of past actions with "meiyou"
        </td>

        <td>
          没有 + Verb
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>没有</em> 去 酒吧。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Negative commands with "buyao"
        </td>

        <td>
          不要 + Verb
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi"><em>不要</em> 说 英文！</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h2>Grammatical Structures</h2>

  <p>These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.</p>

  <h3>Basics</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Basic sentence order
        </td>

        <td>
          Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.)
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi"><em>我 爱 你 。</em></span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Connecting nouns with "shi"
        </td>

        <td>
          A + 是 + B
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>是</em> 学生 。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Expressing "excessively" with "tai"
        </td>

        <td>
          太 + Adj. + 了
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi"><em>太</em> 好 <em>了</em> !</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Simple "noun + adjective" sentences
        </td>

        <td>
          Noun + 很 + Adj.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">我 <em>很</em> 好。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Question Forms</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Affirmative-negative question
        </td>

        <td>
          Verb + 不 + Verb / Adj. + 不 + Adj.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi"><em>去 不 去</em>？<em>好 不 好</em> ?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Placement of question words
        </td>

        <td>
          什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">你 是 <em>谁</em> ？你 在 <em>哪儿</em> ？</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Tag questions with "bu"
        </td>

        <td>
          ⋯⋯是不是 / 对不对 / 好不好 ?
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">你们 明天 来，<em>好 不 好</em> ?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Tag questions with "ma"
        </td>

        <td>
          ⋯⋯是吗 / 对吗 / 好吗 ?
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">这样 做， <em>对 吗</em> ?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Yes-no questions with "ma"
        </td>

        <td>
          ⋯⋯吗？
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">他 是 老板 <em>吗</em> ?</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h2>Comparisons</h2>

  <h3>Numbers</h3>

  <table>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          Grammar Point (English)
        </th>

        <th>
          Pattern
        </th>

        <th>
          Examples
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Comparing "er" and "liang"
        </td>

        <td>
          二 vs 两
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi"><em>两</em> 个 人。<em>二</em> 十 <em>二</em>。</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h2>See Also</h2>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="Grammar_Points_by_Level" title="Grammar Points by Level">Grammar Points by Level</a></li>

    <li>This list in French: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chine-informations.com/mandarin/grammaire/RGLA1">Grammaire chinoise niveau A1</a></li>
  </ul>
</body>
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