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  <title>Negation of "you" with "mei"</title>
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  <h1>The "all" adverb "<span class="hanzist">都</span>" "<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>"</h1>

  <p>The adverb <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) is used to express "all" in Chinese. It's common to use <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) in a variety of sentences where it would seem unnecessary in English.</p>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_3">Contents</h2>

  <div class="contents">
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#">1 <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) for "All" </a> 

      <ul>
        <li><a href="#Structure">1.1 Structure</a></li>

        <li><a href="#">1.2 Examples</a></li>
      </ul></li>

      <li><a href="LINKTARGET">2 <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) for "Both"</a> 

      <ul>
        <li><a href="LINKTARGET">2.1 Structure</a></li>

        <li><a href="LINKTARGET">2.2 Examples</a></li>
      </ul></li>

      <li><a href="LINKTARGET">3 See also</a></li>

      <li><a href="LINKTARGET">4 Sources and further reading</a> 

      <ul>
        <li><a href="LINKTARGET">4.1 Books</a></li>
      </ul></li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_4"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-weight: normal;">都</span> for "all"</h2>

  <h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3>

  <div class="deux">
    Subject + <span class="hanzist">都</span> + [Verb Phrase]
  </div>

  <p>Remember that <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) appears <i>after</i> the subject. A common mistake learners make is to put <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) at the beginning of the sentence (as "all" often appears there in English). This isn't good Chinese - make sure you put <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) after the subject and before the verb.</p>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_5">Examples</h3>

  <div class="exemple">
    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi">你们 都 认识 John 吗 ？</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐmen dōu rènshi John ma?</span><br/> Do you all know John?</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">他们 都 在 上海 。</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Tāmen dōu zài Shànghǎi.</span> <br/>They are all in Shanghai.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">明天 我们 都 可以 去 。</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒmen dōu kěyǐ qù.</span> <br/>Tomorrow we all can go.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">你们 都 用 wiki 吗 ？</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐmen dōu yòng wiki ma?</span> <br/>Do you all use the wiki?</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">我们 都 要 冰水。</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu yào bīngshuǐ .</span> <br/>We all want ice water.</li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_6"><span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-weight: normal;">都</span> for "both"</h2>

  <p>Chinese doesn't normally use a special word for "both" like English does. It just uses <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) as if it were any other number greater than one. Chinese also doesn't have a special pattern like "neither / nor" for the negative case. Just use <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) and make the sentence negative.</p>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_7">Structure</h3>

  <div class="deux">
    Subjects + <span class="hanzist">都</span> + [Verb Phrase]
  </div>

  <p>This pattern should look familiar.</p>

  <h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3>

  <p>These examples follow exactly the same form in Chinese as the ones above. The only difference is that here we don't translate <span class="hanzi">都</span> (<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>) as "all" in English; we translate it as "both," and for negative cases, we translate it as "neither."</p>

  <div class="exemple">
    <ul>
      <li>&gt;<span class="hanzi">我们 两 个 都 爱 你 。</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen liǎng gè dōu ài nǐ.</span> <br/>The two of us both love you.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">你 爸爸 和 你 妈妈 都 是 美国人 吗？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐ bàba hé nǐ māma dōu shì Měiguó rén ma?</span> <br/>Are your father and your mother both Americans?</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">我 和 我 太太 都 不 吃 肉。</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ hé wǒ tàitai dōu bù chī ròu. </span> <br/>Neither my wife nor I eat meat.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">你们 两个 都 喜欢 中国 菜 吗？</span><br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐmen liǎng gè dōu xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài ma? </span> <br/>Do you both like Chinese food?</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">她 和 她 老公 都 没有 工作。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā hé tā lǎogōng dōu méi yǒu gōngzuò.</span> <br/>Neither she nor her husband has a job.</li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_8">See also</h2>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="">"<span class="pinyin">Yě</span>" and "<span class="pinyin">dōu</span>" together</a></li>

    <li><a href="">The "also" adverb "<span class="pinyin">yě</span>"</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_9">Sources and further reading</h2>

  <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_10">Books</h3>

  <ul>
    <li>Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (pp. 53-4)</li>

    <li>New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (<span class="hanzi">新实用汉语课本1</span>) (p. 88)</li>

    <li>Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (p. 35)</li>
  </ul>
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