ChineseGrammarWiki/ancien/Chinese-Grammar-Wiki/MD/A2/44.mw

{{Grammar Box}} 

In a negative sentence, the [[Change of state with "le"|sentence-final 了 (le)]] can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer."  The word [[已经|已经 (yǐjīng)]], which [[Expressing "already" with just "le"|means "already,"]] may nor may not accompany it.

== Structure ==

[[已经]] (yǐjīng) is optional for this pattern, but either [[不]] (bù) or [[没有]] (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The [[Change of state with "le"|sentence-final 了 (le)]] is, of course, required.

<div class="jiegou">

(已经 +) 不 / 没(有) + [Verb Phrase] + 了

</div>

== Examples ==

<div class="liju">

*<em>没有</em> 纸 <em>了</em> 。<span class="expl">in other words, "we're out of paper"</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Méiyǒu</em> zhǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">There's no paper anymore.</span>
*手机 <em>没有</em> 电 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Shǒujī <em>méiyǒu</em> diàn <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">My cell phone has run out of power.</span>
*他 <em>没有</em> 家 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> jiā <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't have his home anymore.</span>
*我们 都 <em>没有</em> 钱 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <em>méiyǒu</em> qián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">We all don't have any more money.</span>
*你 <em>不</em> 喜欢 我 <em>了</em> 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>bù</em> xǐhuan wǒ <em>le</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">You don't like me anymore?</span>
*我 <em>不</em> 想 吃 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>bù</em> xiǎng chī <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't want to eat anymore.</span>
*你们 <em>不</em> 能 喝 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>bù</em> néng hē <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">You can't drink anymore.</span>
*我 <em>已经 不</em> 住 这里 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zhù zhèlǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't live here anymore.</span>
*他 <em>已经 不</em> 在 这儿 工作 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài zhèr gōngzuò <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't work here anymore.</span>
*他们 <em>已经 不</em> 在 一起 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài yīqǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">They are no longer together.</span>

</div>

== See Also ==

* [[Expressing "already" with just "le"]]
* [[Change of state with "le"]]
* [[Uses of "le"]]

== Sources and further reading ==

=== Books ===

* [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (p. 68) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 126-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
* [[Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar]] (pp. 238-99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103 →buy] 
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 217-8) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 64-5) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (p. 8) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）]] (p. 239)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== Websites ===

* Chinesegrammar.info: [http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/le-grammar-summary/ Chinese le grammar summary (了)]

{{Basic Grammar|了|A2|不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了|不 想 去 <em>了</em>。|grammar point|ASGFR96B}}
[[Category: A2 grammar points]]
{{Used for|Referring to changes of situation}}
{{Similar|Uses of "le"}}
{{POS|Particles}}