eric
/
ChineseGrammarWiki


			
				
					
						
						
							12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546
							
<p>等等 (děng děng), or simply 等 (děng), is just like saying “and so on” or “etc.” in English, but just a bit more formal. Both are placed after listing a series of items (generally with a list that exceeds two items).</p>
<h2 id="basic-usage">Basic Usage</h2>
<p>The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things, and add 等 (děng) or 等等 (děng děng) to the end of the list. It's the same as in English when we use &quot;etc.&quot; at the end of a list.</p>
<h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>A1，A2⋯⋯等 / 等等</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>西瓜、菠萝、苹果、葡萄 <em>等等</em> 都 是 我 喜欢 的 水果 。 <span class="pinyin">Xīguā, bōluó, píngguǒ, pútáo <em>děngděng</em> dōu shì wǒ xǐhuan de shuǐguǒ.</span><span class="trans">Watermelons, pineapples, apples, grapes and so on are all the fruits that I like.</span></li>
<li>我 的 男朋友 会 说 很 多 外语 ， 英语、法语、西班牙语 <em>等等</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ de nánpéngyou huì shuō hěn duō wàiyǔ, Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ, Xībānyáyǔ <em>děngděng</em>.</span><span class="trans">My boyfriend can speak many foreign languages: English, French, Spanish, etc.</span></li>
<li>我 很 喜欢 运动，比如 跑步、游泳、做瑜伽 <em>等等</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hěn xǐhuan yùndòng, bǐrú pǎobù, yóuyǒng, zuò yújiā <em>děngděng</em>.</span><span class="trans">I like exercising very much, for example, running, swimming, doing yoga, etc.</span></li>
<li>我们 公司 有 好几 个 部门，市场部、客户部、技术部 <em>等</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hǎojǐ gè bùmén, shìchǎng bù, kèhù bù, jìshù bù <em>děng</em>.</span><span class="trans">Our company has several departments: marketing department, client department, technology department, etc.</span></li>
<li><span class="spaced">Jackie Chan、Jet Li、Bruce Li</span> <em>等</em> 都 是 中国 有名 的 功夫 明星 。 <span class="pinyin">Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Bruce Li <em>děng</em> dōu shì Zhōngguó yǒumíng de gōngfu míngxīng.</span><span class="trans">Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Bruce Li, etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="usage-before-a-noun">Usage Before a Noun</h2>
<p>Occasionally, 等 (děng) is added to the end of a list and is followed by a noun that represents the list. For example, if the list is a series of countries, 等 (děng) would be followed by 国家 (guójiā).</p>
<h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>A1，A2⋯⋯等 + [Category]</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>长城、故宫 <em>等</em> 地方 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。 <span class="pinyin">Chángchéng, Gùgōng <em>děng</em> dìfang dōu shì Běijīng yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.</span><span class="trans">The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, etc. are all famous scenic spots in Beijing.</span></li>
<li>北京、上海、广州 <em>等</em> 城市 是 中国 最 发达 的 城市 。<span class="pinyin">Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu <em>děng</em> chéngshì shì Zhōngguó zuì fādá de chéngshì.</span><span class="trans">Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on are the most developed cities in China.</span></li>
<li>牛津、剑桥 <em>等</em> 大学 都 是 最 有名 的 英国 大学 。<span class="pinyin">Niújīn, Jiànqiáo <em>děng</em> dàxué dōu shì zuì yǒumíng de Yīngguó dàxué.</span><span class="trans">Oxford, Cambridge and so on are the most famous British Universities.</span></li>
<li>中国、印度、巴西 <em>等</em> 国家 都 不 是 发达 国家 。<span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó, Yìndù, Bāxī <em>děng</em> guójiā dōu bù shì fādá guójiā.</span><span class="trans">China, India, Brazil and so on are not developed countries.</span></li>
<li>WTO, WHO <em>等</em> 组织 都 是 国际 组织。 <span class="pinyin">WTO, WHO <em>děng</em> zǔzhī dōu shì guójì zǔzhī.</span><span class="trans">WTO, WHO and so on are all international organizations.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Ending_a_Non-Exhaustive_List_with_&quot;shenme_de&quot;" title="wikilink">Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with &quot;shenme de&quot;</a></li>
<li><a href="&quot;Stuff_like_that&quot;_with_&quot;zhileide&quot;" title="wikilink">&quot;Stuff like that&quot; with &quot;zhileide&quot;</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(汉语语法百项讲练_-_初中级)" title="wikilink">Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)</a> (p. 304) <a href="http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ">→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<p>      </p>
<p><a href="Category:B1_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:B1 grammar points</a></p>