ChineseGrammarWiki/ancien/Chinese-Grammar-Wiki/MD/B1.old/Grammar-wiki-B1-83.txt.html

<p>Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb <em>before</em> the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. <a href="给" class="uri" title="wikilink">给</a> (gěi) is one of those exceptions; it sometimes comes before the verb, and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.</p>
<h2 id="basic-pattern">Basic Pattern</h2>
<h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
<p>Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.</p>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + Verb + 给 + [Recipient] + Obj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>他 <em>送给</em> 了 我 一 束 花。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>sòng gěi</em> le wǒ yī shù huā.</span><span class="trans"> He gave me a bouquet of flowers.</span></li>
<li>这 个 老板 <em>卖给</em> 了 我 一 条 死 鱼。<span class="pinyin">Zhège lǎobǎn <em>mài gěi</em> le wǒ yītiáo sǐ yú.</span><span class="trans"> This boss sold me a dead fish.</span></li>
<li>我 要 <em>还给</em> 你 三 十 块 钱。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <em>huán gěi</em> nǐ sānshí kuài qián.</span><span class="trans"> I need to return 30rmb to you.</span></li>
<li>房东 <em>租给</em> 了 我 一 个 很 便宜 的 房子。<span class="pinyin">Fángdōng <em>zū gěi</em> le wǒ yīgè hěn piányi de fángzi.</span><span class="trans">The landlord rented a very cheap house to me.</span></li>
<li>我 <em>借给</em> 了 他 一 本 书。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>jiè gěi</em> le tā yī běn shū.</span><span class="trans"> I lent him a book.</span></li>
<li>我 要 糖，他 <em>递给</em> 了 我 一 瓶 盐。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào táng, tā <em>dì gěi</em> le wǒ yī píng yán.</span><span class="trans"> I wanted sugar, he handed me a bottle of salt.</span></li>
<li>姐姐 <em>分给</em> 了 我 一块 蛋糕。<span class="pinyin">Jiějie <em>fēn gěi</em> le wǒ yīkuài dàngāo.</span><span class="trans"> Older sister gave me a piece of cake.</span></li>
<li>老师 <em>传授给</em> 了 学生 很多 经验。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī <em>chuánshòu gěi</em> le xuésheng hěn duō jīngyàn.</span><span class="trans"> The teacher passed on a lot of experience to us.</span></li>
<li>我们 <em>献给</em> 了 老师 一 首 歌。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>xiàn gěi</em> le lǎoshī yī shǒu gē.</span><span class="trans"> We dedicated a song to the teacher.</span></li>
<li>这些 校友 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校 二 十 万。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē xiàoyǒu <em>juān gěi</em> le xuéxiào èrshí wàn.</span><span class="trans">These alumni donated two hundred thousand to the school.</span></li>
<li>主人 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗 一 块 肉。<span class="pinyin">Zhǔrén <em>shǎng gěi</em> le xiǎo gǒu yīkuài ròu.</span><span class="trans"> The owner rewarded his dog with a piece of meat.</span></li>
<li>一 个 孩子 <em>交给</em> 了 我 一 封 信。<span class="pinyin">Yīgè xiǎohái <em>jiāo gěi</em> le wǒ yī fēng xìn.</span><span class="trans"> A child gave me a letter.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="pattern-using-把">Pattern Using 把</h2>
<h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
<p>Additionally, you can add <a href="把" class="uri" title="wikilink">把</a> into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given.</p>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Somebody</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>他 <strong>把</strong> 一 束 花 <em>送给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Tā <strong>bǎ</strong> yī shù huā <em>sòng gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">He gave me a bouquet of flowers.</span></li>
<li>这 个 老板 <strong>把</strong> 一 条 死鱼 <em>卖给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Zhège lǎobǎn <strong>bǎ</strong> yītiáo sǐ yú <em>mài gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">This boss sold me a dead fish.</span></li>
<li>房东 <strong>把</strong> 一 个 很 便宜 的 房子 <em>租给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Fángdōng <strong>bǎ</strong> yī gè hěn piányi de fángzi <em>zū gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">The landlord rented a very cheap house to me.</span></li>
<li>我 <strong>把</strong> 书 <em>借给</em> 了 他。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>bǎ</strong> shū <em>jiè gěi</em> le tā.</span><span class="trans">I lent him a book.</span></li>
<li>我 要 糖，他 <strong>把</strong> 一 瓶 盐 <em>递给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào táng, tā <strong>bǎ</strong> yī píng yán <em>dì gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">I wanted sugar, he handed me a bottle of salt.</span></li>
<li>姐姐 <strong>把</strong> 一 块 蛋糕 <em>分给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Jiějie <strong>bǎ</strong> yīkuài dàngāo <em>fēn gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Older sister gave me a piece of cake.</span></li>
<li>老师 <strong>把</strong> 很 多 经验 <em> 都 传授 给</em> 了 学生。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī <strong>bǎ</strong> hěn duō jīngyàn <em> dōu chuánshòu gěi</em> le xuésheng.</span><span class="trans">The teacher passed on a lot of experience to us.</span></li>
<li>我们 <strong>把</strong> 一 首 歌 <em>献给</em> 了 老师。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <strong>bǎ</strong> yī shǒu gē <em>xiàn gěi</em> le lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans"> We dedicated a song to the teacher.</span></li>
<li>这些 校友 <strong>把</strong> 二 十 万 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē xiàoyǒu <strong>bǎ</strong> èrshí wàn <em>juān gěi</em> le xuéxiào.</span><span class="trans">These alumnus donated two hundred thousand to the school.</span></li>
<li>主人 <strong>把</strong> 一 块 肉 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗。<span class="pinyin">Zhǔrén <strong>bǎ</strong> yīkuài ròu <em>shǎng gěi</em> le xiǎo gǒu.</span><span class="trans">The owner rewarded his dog with a piece of meat.</span></li>
<li>一 个 孩子 <strong>把</strong> 一 封 信 <em>交给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Yī gè xiǎohái <strong>bǎ</strong> yī fēng xìn <em>jiāo gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">A child gave me a letter.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="exception-to-the-把-pattern-嫁">Exception to the 把 Pattern: 嫁</h3>
<p>Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.</p>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 的 老头。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒu qián de lǎotóu.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do this:</p>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>她 的 爸爸 <strong>把</strong> 她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 的 老头。<span class="pinyin">Tā de bàba <strong>bǎ</strong> tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒu qián de lǎotóu.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="academic-debate">Academic Debate</h2>
<p>Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after. Why have it both ways? There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a <a href="preposition" class="uri" title="wikilink">preposition</a> or a type of verb (often called a &quot;co-verb&quot;), or even a type of <a href="complement" class="uri" title="wikilink">complement</a>. This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Verbs_with_&quot;gei&quot;" title="wikilink">Verbs with &quot;gei&quot;</a></li>
<li><a href="&quot;for&quot;_with_&quot;gei&quot;" title="wikilink">&quot;for&quot; with &quot;gei&quot;</a></li>
<li><a href="Expressing_passive_voice_with_&quot;gei&quot;" title="wikilink">Expressing passive voice with &quot;gei&quot;</a></li>
<li><a href="Advanced_uses_of_&quot;ba&quot;" title="wikilink">Advanced uses of &quot;ba&quot;</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="现代汉语虚词例释" class="uri" title="wikilink">现代汉语虚词例释</a> (p. 196)<a href="http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1345693275&amp;sr=8-1">→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="dictionaries">Dictionaries</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="现代汉语词典（第5版）" class="uri" title="wikilink">现代汉语词典（第5版）</a> (p. 464) <a href="http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1345693609&amp;sr=8-1">→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<p>        </p>
<p><a href="Category:B1_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:B1 grammar points</a></p>