ChineseGrammarWiki/ancien/Chinese-Grammar-Wiki/MD/B1.old/Grammar-wiki-B1-88.txt

{{Grammar Box}} 
You may have learned that [[Expressing actions in progress|在 (zài)]] and [[Expressing actions in progress|正在 (zhèngzài)]] can be used before [[verbs]] to express that an action is ''ongoing'' or ''in progress''. They are used to create the Mandarin equivalent of ''present continuous'' in English.  But that pattern is actually a part of a longer, fuller pattern.  It's rarely used in its full form, but bits and pieces of it are frequently used in everyday speech, so it's important to know the full form, even if you don't use it regularly yourself.

== Structure ==

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 正在 + Verb + 着 + Obj. + 呢

</div>

It's important to remember that '''virtually every part of the above pattern is ''optional''''', so you're going to see all sorts of variations of it (and rarely the full form).  The most common variation is just the "[[Expressing actions in progress|在 + V]]" pattern that you probably already learned long ago. Another common variation is "[[Expressing actions in progress|正 + V]]" pattern.

== Examples ==

Some examples using the verb phrase 上汉语课:

<div class="liju">

* 我们 <em>在</em> 上 汉语 课。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zài</em> shàng Hànyǔ kè.</span>
* 我们 <em>在</em> 上 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zài</em> shàng Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我们 <em>在</em> 上 <em>着</em> 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zài</em> shàng <em>zhe</em> Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我们 <em>正在</em> 上 汉语 课。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zhèngzài</em> shàng Hànyǔ kè.</span>
* 我们 <em>正在</em>上 汉语课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zhèngzài</em> shàng Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我们 <em>正在</em>上 <em>着</em> 汉语课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zhèngzài</em> shàng <em>zhe</em> Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我们 上 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen shàng Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我们 上 <em>着</em> 汉语 课 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen shàng <em>zhe</em> Hànyǔ kè <em>ne</em>.</span><span class="trans">All these sentences mean "We are having a Chinese lesson."</span>

</div>

Some examples using the verb phrase 看报纸:

<div class="liju">

* 她 <em>在</em> 看 报纸。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zài</em> kàn bàozhǐ.</span>
* 她 看 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā kàn bàozhǐ <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 她 看<em>着</em> 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā kàn <em>zhe</em> bàozhǐ <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 她 <em>正在</em> 看 报纸。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zhèngzài</em> kàn bàozhǐ.</span>
* 她 <em>正</em> 看 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zhèng</em> kàn bàozhǐ <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 她 <em>正</em> 看 <em>着</em> 报纸 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zhèng</em> kàn <em>zhe</em> bàozhǐ <em>ne</em>.</span><span class="trans">All these sentences mean "She is reading the newspaper."</span>

</div>

Some examples using the verb phrase 喝啤酒:

<div class="liju">

* 我 <em>在</em> 喝 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zài</em> hē píjiǔ.</span>
* 我 喝 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hē píjiǔ <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我 喝 着 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hē zhe píjiǔ <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我 <em>正在</em> 喝 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zhèngzài</em> hē píjiǔ <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我 <em>正</em> 喝 啤酒 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zhèng</em> hē píjiǔ <em>ne</em>.</span>
* 我 <em>正</em> 喝 <em>着</em> 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zhèng</em> hē <em>zhe</em> píjiǔ.</span><span class="trans">All these sentences mean "I am drinking beer."</span>

</div>



Some examples using the [[separable verbs|separable verb]] 唱歌:

<div class="liju">

* 他们 <em>正在</em> 唱歌。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>zhèngzài</em> chànggē.</span>
* 他们 <em>正</em> 唱 <em>着</em> 歌。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>zhèng</em> chàng <em>zhe</em> gē.</span>
* 他们 唱 <em>着</em> 歌。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen chàng <em>zhe</em> gē.</span>
* 他们 唱<em>着</em> 歌 <em>呢</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen chàng <em>zhe</em> gē <em>ne</em>.</span><span class="trans">All these sentences mean "They are singing."</span>

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==See also==
* [[Aspect particle "zhe"]]
* [[Expressing actions in progress]]

== Sources and further reading ==

=== Books ===

* [[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)]] (pp. 54-7) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
* [[Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)]] (pp. 321) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7802006473 →buy]
* [[Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar]] (pp. 217-26) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103 →buy]
* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 216-8) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 106-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）]] (p. 157)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== Websites ===

* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-actions-in-progress Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: Actions in Progress] (free podcast content)

[[Category:B1 grammar points]]

{{Basic Grammar|正在|B1|正在 + Verb + 着 + 呢|这 件 事情 我 <em>正在 处理 着呢</em>。|grammar point|ASGEYQ9O}}
{{Rel char|正}}
{{Rel char|在}}
{{Rel char|着}}
{{Rel char|呢}}
{{Similar|Aspect particle "zhe"}}
{{Similar|Expressing actions in progress}}
{{Used for|Referring to the present }}
{{POS|Verbs}}
{{Subprop|Verb phrases}}