Grammar-wiki-B1-98.txt.html 6.6 KB

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  1. <p>结果补语十分常见,一些口语中常用的形容词和单音节动词都可以做结果补语。</p>
  2. <h2 id="using-adjectives">Using Adjectives</h2>
  3. <p>好 (hǎo): It implies that something is complete or done well. Forming a <a href="result_complement" title="wikilink">result complement</a> with 好 has a very similar meaning to <a href="&quot;-wan&quot;_result_complement" title="wikilink">forming one with 完</a>. It expresses that the action has been completed successfully.</p>
  4. <p>错 (cuò): It's used to express making mistakes. To express that an action resulted in an error, you can use a result complement with 错. This covers what is often expressed with the adverb &quot;incorrectly&quot; in English.</p>
  5. <p>其他常见的做补语的形容词:晚、饱、坏、破、清楚、明白、干净。</p>
  6. <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
  7. <p>When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a <a href="Topic-comment_sentences" title="wikilink">topic</a>. This means the object is said first and the subject is often omitted:</p>
  8. <div class="jiegou">
  9. <p>Verb + Adj. + 了</p>
  10. </div>
  11. <div class="jiegou">
  12. <p>没 + Verb + Adj.</p>
  13. </div>
  14. <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
  15. <div class="liju">
  16. <ul>
  17. <li>我们 吃 <em>好</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen chī <em>hǎo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">We finished eating.</span></li>
  18. <li>作业 做 <em>好</em> 了 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Zuòyè zuò <em>hǎo</em> le ma ? </span><span class="trans">Did you finish doing your homework?</span></li>
  19. <li>这 个 字 写 <em>错</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Zhège zì xiě <em>cuò</em> le.</span><span class="trans">You wrote this character wrong.</span></li>
  20. <li>我 没 记 <em>错</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ méi jì <em>cuò</em>.</span><span class="trans">I didn't remember incorrectly.</span></li>
  21. <li>你们 来 <em>晚</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen lái <em>wǎn</em> le.</span><span class="trans">You came late.</span></li>
  22. <li>你 没 吃 <em>饱</em> 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ méi chī <em>bǎo</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you not full?</span></li>
  23. <li>弟弟 玩 <em>坏</em> 了 哥哥 的 玩具 。 <span class="pinyin">Dìdi wán <em>huài</em> le gēge de wánjù.</span><span class="trans">The little brother broke his older brother's toy.</span></li>
  24. <li>宝宝 的 头 是 怎么 撞 <em>破</em> 的 ?<span class="pinyin">Bǎobǎo de tóu shì zěnme zhuàng <em>pò</em> de?</span><span class="trans">How did the baby hit his head?</span></li>
  25. <li>杯子 是 谁 摔 <em>坏</em> 的 ?<span class="pinyin">Bēizi shì shéi shuāi <em>huài</em> de?</span><span class="trans">Who broke the cup?</span></li>
  26. <li>大家 都 听 <em>清楚</em> 了 吗 ? <span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu tīng <em>qīngchu</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Does everyone hear this clearly?</span></li>
  27. <li>房间 打扫 <em>干净</em> 了 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Fángjiān nǐ dǎsǎo <em>gānjìng</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Is your room all cleaned up?</span></li>
  28. <li>衣服 没 洗 <em>干净</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yīfu méi <em>gānjìng</em>.</span><span class="trans">The clothes aren't clean.</span></li>
  29. </ul>
  30. </div>
  31. <h2 id="using-one-syllable-verb">Using One-syllable Verb</h2>
  32. <p>除了一些单音节形容词和双音节形容词可以做结果补语,少量单音节动词也可以做结果补语。如&quot;见、懂、走、掉&quot;等,这类动词非常有限。</p>
  33. <p>要注意的是:&quot;掉&quot;有&quot;离开、分离&quot;的意义,跟&quot;掉&quot;搭配的动词也必须有&quot;离开、分离&quot;的意义。</p>
  34. <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
  35. <div class="liju">
  36. <ul>
  37. <li>老师 拿 <em>走</em> 了 我 的 iPad 。 <span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī ná <em>zǒu</em> le wǒ de iPad.</span><span class="trans">The teacher took away my iPad.</span></li>
  38. <li>小偷 偷 <em>走</em> 了 我 的钱包 。 <span class="pinyin">Xiǎotōu tōu <em>zǒu</em> le wǒ de qiánbāo.</span><span class="trans">The thief stole my wallet.</span></li>
  39. <li>不要 了,扔<em>掉</em> 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Bù yào le, rēng <em>diào</em> bā.</span><span class="trans">I don't want it any more. Throw it away.</span></li>
  40. <li>太 热 了 ,外套 脱 <em>掉</em> 吧 。 <span class="pinyin">Tài rè le, wàitào tuō <em>diào</em> bā.</span><span class="trans">It‘s too hot. Let's take off our jackets.</span></li>
  41. <li>我 刚刚 卖 <em>掉</em> 了 我 的 旧 手机 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gānggāng mài <em>diào</em> le wǒ de jiù shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">I just sold my old cell phone.</span></li>
  42. </ul>
  43. </div>
  44. <h2 id="compared-with-potential-complements">Compared with Potential Complements</h2>
  45. <div class="liju">
  46. <table>
  47. <caption>Result and Potential Complements</caption>
  48. <thead>
  49. <tr class="header">
  50. <th><p>Result Complement</p></th>
  51. <th><p>Aff. Potential Complement</p></th>
  52. <th><p>Neg. Potential Complement</p></th>
  53. </tr>
  54. </thead>
  55. <tbody>
  56. <tr class="odd">
  57. <td><p>做 完</p></td>
  58. <td><p>做 <em>得</em> 完</p></td>
  59. <td><p>做 <em>不</em> 完</p></td>
  60. </tr>
  61. <tr class="even">
  62. <td><p>听 懂</p></td>
  63. <td><p>听 <em>得</em> 懂</p></td>
  64. <td><p>听 <em>不</em> 懂</p></td>
  65. </tr>
  66. <tr class="odd">
  67. <td><p>看 清楚</p></td>
  68. <td><p>看 <em>得</em> 清楚</p></td>
  69. <td><p>看 <em>不</em> 清楚</p></td>
  70. </tr>
  71. <tr class="even">
  72. </tr>
  73. <tr class="odd">
  74. <td><p>洗 干净</p></td>
  75. <td><p>洗 <em>得</em> 干净</p></td>
  76. <td><p>洗 <em>不</em> 干净</p></td>
  77. </tr>
  78. <tr class="even">
  79. </tr>
  80. </tbody>
  81. </table>
  82. </div>
  83. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
  84. <p>All result complements work particularly well in a <a href="Ba_sentence" title="wikilink">把 sentence</a>.</p>
  85. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
  86. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
  87. <ul>
  88. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (pp. 43- 4) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276709">→buy</a></li>
  89. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1</a> (pp. 233-4) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276792">→buy</a></li>
  90. </ul>
  91. <p><a href="Category:**URGENT**" class="uri" title="wikilink">Category:**URGENT**</a> <a href="Category:B1_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:B1 grammar points</a> <a href="Category:Result_complement" title="wikilink">Category:Result complement</a></p>