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Grammar-wiki-B1-98.txt.html

Grammar-wiki-B1-98.txt.html 6.6 KB
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  1. 

  2. <p>结果补语十分常见，一些口语中常用的形容词和单音节动词都可以做结果补语。</p>
    3. 

  3. <h2 id="using-adjectives">Using Adjectives</h2>
    4. 

  4. <p>好 (hǎo): It implies that something is complete or done well. Forming a <a href="result_complement" title="wikilink">result complement</a> with 好 has a very similar meaning to <a href="&quot;-wan&quot;_result_complement" title="wikilink">forming one with 完</a>. It expresses that the action has been completed successfully.</p>
    5. 

  5. <p>错 (cuò): It's used to express making mistakes. To express that an action resulted in an error, you can use a result complement with 错. This covers what is often expressed with the adverb &quot;incorrectly&quot; in English.</p>
    6. 

  6. <p>其他常见的做补语的形容词：晚、饱、坏、破、清楚、明白、干净。</p>
    7. 

  7. <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
    8. 

  8. <p>When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a <a href="Topic-comment_sentences" title="wikilink">topic</a>. This means the object is said first and the subject is often omitted:</p>
    9. 

  9. <div class="jiegou">
    10. 

  10. <p>Verb + Adj. + 了</p>
    11. 

  11. </div>
    12. 

  12. <div class="jiegou">
    13. 

  13. <p>没 + Verb + Adj.</p>
    14. 

  14. </div>
    15. 

  15. <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
    16. 

  16. <div class="liju">
    17. 

  17. <ul>
    18. 

  18. <li>我们 吃 <em>好</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen chī <em>hǎo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">We finished eating.</span></li>
    19. 

  19. <li>作业 做 <em>好</em> 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Zuòyè zuò <em>hǎo</em> le ma ? </span><span class="trans">Did you finish doing your homework?</span></li>
    20. 

  20. <li>这 个 字 写 <em>错</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Zhège zì xiě <em>cuò</em> le.</span><span class="trans">You wrote this character wrong.</span></li>
    21. 

  21. <li>我 没 记 <em>错</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ méi jì <em>cuò</em>.</span><span class="trans">I didn't remember incorrectly.</span></li>
    22. 

  22. <li>你们 来 <em>晚</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen lái <em>wǎn</em> le.</span><span class="trans">You came late.</span></li>
    23. 

  23. <li>你 没 吃 <em>饱</em> 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ méi chī <em>bǎo</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you not full?</span></li>
    24. 

  24. <li>弟弟 玩 <em>坏</em> 了 哥哥 的 玩具 。 <span class="pinyin">Dìdi wán <em>huài</em> le gēge de wánjù.</span><span class="trans">The little brother broke his older brother's toy.</span></li>
    25. 

  25. <li>宝宝 的 头 是 怎么 撞 <em>破</em> 的 ？<span class="pinyin">Bǎobǎo de tóu shì zěnme zhuàng <em>pò</em> de?</span><span class="trans">How did the baby hit his head?</span></li>
    26. 

  26. <li>杯子 是 谁 摔 <em>坏</em> 的 ？<span class="pinyin">Bēizi shì shéi shuāi <em>huài</em> de?</span><span class="trans">Who broke the cup?</span></li>
    27. 

  27. <li>大家 都 听 <em>清楚</em> 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu tīng <em>qīngchu</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Does everyone hear this clearly?</span></li>
    28. 

  28. <li>房间 打扫 <em>干净</em> 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Fángjiān nǐ dǎsǎo <em>gānjìng</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Is your room all cleaned up?</span></li>
    29. 

  29. <li>衣服 没 洗 <em>干净</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yīfu méi <em>gānjìng</em>.</span><span class="trans">The clothes aren't clean.</span></li>
    30. 

  30. </ul>
    31. 

  31. </div>
    32. 

  32. <h2 id="using-one-syllable-verb">Using One-syllable Verb</h2>
    33. 

  33. <p>除了一些单音节形容词和双音节形容词可以做结果补语，少量单音节动词也可以做结果补语。如&quot;见、懂、走、掉&quot;等，这类动词非常有限。</p>
    34. 

  34. <p>要注意的是：&quot;掉&quot;有&quot;离开、分离&quot;的意义，跟&quot;掉&quot;搭配的动词也必须有&quot;离开、分离&quot;的意义。</p>
    35. 

  35. <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
    36. 

  36. <div class="liju">
    37. 

  37. <ul>
    38. 

  38. <li>老师 拿 <em>走</em> 了 我 的 iPad 。 <span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī ná <em>zǒu</em> le wǒ de iPad.</span><span class="trans">The teacher took away my iPad.</span></li>
    39. 

  39. <li>小偷 偷 <em>走</em> 了 我 的钱包 。 <span class="pinyin">Xiǎotōu tōu <em>zǒu</em> le wǒ de qiánbāo.</span><span class="trans">The thief stole my wallet.</span></li>
    40. 

  40. <li>不要 了，扔<em>掉</em> 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Bù yào le, rēng <em>diào</em> bā.</span><span class="trans">I don't want it any more. Throw it away.</span></li>
    41. 

  41. <li>太 热 了 ，外套 脱 <em>掉</em> 吧 。 <span class="pinyin">Tài rè le, wàitào tuō <em>diào</em> bā.</span><span class="trans">It‘s too hot. Let's take off our jackets.</span></li>
    42. 

  42. <li>我 刚刚 卖 <em>掉</em> 了 我 的 旧 手机 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gānggāng mài <em>diào</em> le wǒ de jiù shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">I just sold my old cell phone.</span></li>
    43. 

  43. </ul>
    44. 

  44. </div>
    45. 

  45. <h2 id="compared-with-potential-complements">Compared with Potential Complements</h2>
    46. 

  46. <div class="liju">
    47. 

  47. <table>
    48. 

  48. <caption>Result and Potential Complements</caption>
    49. 

  49. <thead>
    50. 

  50. <tr class="header">
    51. 

  51. <th><p>Result Complement</p></th>
    52. 

  52. <th><p>Aff. Potential Complement</p></th>
    53. 

  53. <th><p>Neg. Potential Complement</p></th>
    54. 

  54. </tr>
    55. 

  55. </thead>
    56. 

  56. <tbody>
    57. 

  57. <tr class="odd">
    58. 

  58. <td><p>做 完</p></td>
    59. 

  59. <td><p>做 <em>得</em> 完</p></td>
    60. 

  60. <td><p>做 <em>不</em> 完</p></td>
    61. 

  61. </tr>
    62. 

  62. <tr class="even">
    63. 

  63. <td><p>听 懂</p></td>
    64. 

  64. <td><p>听 <em>得</em> 懂</p></td>
    65. 

  65. <td><p>听 <em>不</em> 懂</p></td>
    66. 

  66. </tr>
    67. 

  67. <tr class="odd">
    68. 

  68. <td><p>看 清楚</p></td>
    69. 

  69. <td><p>看 <em>得</em> 清楚</p></td>
    70. 

  70. <td><p>看 <em>不</em> 清楚</p></td>
    71. 

  71. </tr>
    72. 

  72. <tr class="even">
    73. 

  73. </tr>
    74. 

  74. <tr class="odd">
    75. 

  75. <td><p>洗 干净</p></td>
    76. 

  76. <td><p>洗 <em>得</em> 干净</p></td>
    77. 

  77. <td><p>洗 <em>不</em> 干净</p></td>
    78. 

  78. </tr>
    79. 

  79. <tr class="even">
    80. 

  80. </tr>
    81. 

  81. </tbody>
    82. 

  82. </table>
    83. 

  83. </div>
    84. 

  84. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
    85. 

  85. 

  86. 

  87. <p>All result complements work particularly well in a <a href="Ba_sentence" title="wikilink">把 sentence</a>.</p>
    88. 

  88. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>
    89. 

  89. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
    90. 

  90. <ul>
    91. 

  91. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (pp. 43- 4) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276709">→buy</a></li>
    92. 

  92. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1" title="wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1</a> (pp. 233-4) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276792">→buy</a></li>
    93. 

  93. </ul>
    94. 

  94. 

  95. 

  96. 

  97. 

  98. 

  99. 

  100. 

  101. 

  102. 

  103. <p><a href="Category:**URGENT**" class="uri" title="wikilink">Category:**URGENT**</a> <a href="Category:B1_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:B1 grammar points</a> <a href="Category:Result_complement" title="wikilink">Category:Result complement</a></p>
    104.