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                    <section id="region-main" class="span9 pull-right"><div class="coursetitle"><div class="page-context-header"><div class="page-header-headings"><h1>Niveau 1</h1></div></div></div><div class="bor"></div><div role="main"><span id="maincontent"></span><div class="row-fluid"><div class="span8"><h2>Grammaire</h2></div><div class="span4 heading-rts"><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;sesskey=vEaigbaWFL&amp;section=8" class="btn btn-default" title="Revenir à Séquence 8 Des...">Revenir à Séquence 8 Des...<i class="fa-sign-in fa fa-fw"></i></a></div></div><div class="box generalbox center clearfix"><div class="no-overflow"><h2>Les classificateurs <span class="hanzi">本</span> et <span class="hanzi">杯</span></h2>

<p>À la séquence précédente, nous avons vu les classificateurs.</p>

<p>En voici deux nouveaux : </p>

<p><span class="hanzi">本</span> <span class="pinyin">běn</span> que nous avons vu dans le mot "Japon" <span class="hanzi">日本</span> et qui avait dans ce mot le sens de "racine, origine". <span class="hanzi">本</span> est aussi employé en tant que classificateur des livres. :<br>
<span class="hanzi">两本书</span> deux livres<br>
<span class="hanzi">这三本中文书不是我的。</span> Ces trois livres en chinois ne sont pas les miens. 
</p>

<p><span class="hanzi">本</span> est plus exactement le classificateur 
des ouvrages reliés. Cela permet de faire la différence entre le mot 
"journal" (qui consiste en feuilles de papier pliées) et "revue" (qui 
consiste en feuilles de papier reliées). Pour ces deux mots, on emploie 
le même caractère en chinois <span class="hanzi">报</span> <span class="pinyin">bào</span> (qui n'est pas à retenir au niveau 1 du hsk). Pour distinguer "revue" de "journal", on emploiera le classificateur <span class="hanzi">本</span>
 pour "revue" et un classificateur des objets plats pour "journal". Vous
 n'avez pas besoin de retenir tout cela pour l'instant, mais cette 
petite explication permet d'illustrer l'emploi des classificateurs. 
</p>


<p><span class="hanzi">杯</span> <span class="pinyin">bēi</span> est le classificateur des verres et des tasses :<br>
<span class="hanzi">一杯茶</span> une tasse de thé. 
</p>

<p>Il faut bien distinguer :
<span class="hanzi">一杯茶</span> <span class="pinyin">yì bēi chá</span> une tasse de thé (on parle du thé dans la tasse)<br>
<span class="hanzi">一个茶杯</span> <span class="pinyin">yí gè chábēi</span> une tasse à thé (on parle de l'objet).
</p>


<p>Enfin, un classificateur très utile : <span class="hanzi">些</span> <span class="pinyin">xiē</span> classificateur du pluriel :<br>
<span class="hanzi">这些衣服不是你的。</span> Ces vêtements ne sont pas à toi. 
</p>

<p>Pour dire "quelques / des" on peut dire <span class="hanzi">一些</span> <span class="pinyin">yì xiē</span> :<br>
<span class="hanzi">我有一些中国茶杯。</span> J'ai des tasses à thé chinoises. 
</p>

<p>Attention,  <span class="hanzi">一些</span> <span class="pinyin">yì xiē</span>
  s'emploie pour des choses plutôt petites (comme les tasses, les 
livres, les fourmis, etc.) et lorsqu'on désigne des choses en général. 
Mais <span class="hanzi">一些</span> <span class="pinyin">yì xiē</span> ne
 s'emploiera pas pour des choses plus grandes (comme les tables, les 
voitures) ou des choses définies. Par exemple on pourra l'employer pour 
dire "qu'il y a des éléphants au zoo" (c'est assez général) mais pas 
pour dire "qu'elle a des chiens et des chats" (car ce sont ses animaux à
 elle, elle les connaît bien).
</p>


<hr>


<h2>Les locatifs</h2>


<p>Les locatifs sont des mots qui permettent de situer par rapport à un lieu :<br>
<span class="hanzi">上</span> <span class="pinyin">shàng</span> : sur, dessus <br>
<span class="hanzi">下</span> <span class="pinyin">xià</span> : sous, dessous <br>
<span class="hanzi">后面</span> <span class="pinyin">hòumian</span> : derrière <br>
<span class="hanzi">前面</span> <span class="pinyin">qiánmian</span> : devant <br>
<span class="hanzi">里</span> <span class="pinyin">lǐ</span> : dans, dedans <br>
</p><p>

</p><p>Derrière les caractères <span class="hanzi">上</span>, <span class="hanzi">下</span>,  <span class="hanzi">里</span> on peut rajouter <span class="hanzi">面</span> <span class="pinyin">mian</span> sans modification de signification particulière.</p>


<p><strong>Les locatifs se placent derrière le lieu</strong> :<br>
<span class="hanzi">桌子上</span> sur la table<br>
<span class="hanzi">椅子下</span> sous la chaise<br>
<span class="hanzi">学校里</span> dans l'école<br>
<span class="hanzi">医院前面</span> devant l'hôpital<br>
<span class="hanzi">我家后面</span> derrière chez moi
</p>

<p>Dans une phrase, il faut mettre le verbe <span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="pinyin">zài</span> "être à, se situer à" devant le groupe "lieu + locatif" :<br>
<span class="hanzi">书在桌子上。</span> Le(s) livre(s) sont/est sur la table.<br>
<span class="hanzi">狗在椅子下。</span> Le chien est sous la chaise.<br>
<span class="hanzi">你的女儿在学校里。</span> Ta fille est à l'école.<br>
<span class="hanzi">我家不在医院后面。</span> Ma maison n'est pas derrière l'hôpital.
</p>


<p>La structure à retenir est donc : </p>


<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 1.3em;">
<span class="gram">在 + lieu + locatif</span>
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src="Niveau%201:%20Grammaire8_files/icon_006.svg"><span class="item-content-wrap">Exercice d'entraînement oral sur les phrases types...</span></a></p></li><li class="type_activity depth_5 item_with_icon"><p class="tree_item leaf hasicon"><a title="Test" href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/mod/quiz/view.php?id=243"><img class="smallicon navicon" alt="Test" title="Test" src="Niveau%201:%20Grammaire8_files/icon.svg"><span class="item-content-wrap">Exercice : retrouvez les phrases en caractères à p...</span></a></p></li><li class="type_activity depth_5 item_with_icon"><p class="tree_item leaf hasicon"><a title="Test" href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/mod/quiz/view.php?id=184"><img class="smallicon navicon" alt="Test" title="Test" src="Niveau%201:%20Grammaire8_files/icon.svg"><span class="item-content-wrap">Exercice de mémorisation des phrases types à l'écrit</span></a></p></li><li class="type_activity depth_5 item_with_icon"><p class="tree_item leaf hasicon"><a title="Test" 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