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                    <section id="region-main" class="span9 pull-right"><div class="coursetitle"><div class="page-context-header"><div class="page-header-headings"><h1>Niveau 1</h1></div></div></div><div class="bor"></div><div role="main"><span id="maincontent"></span><div class="row-fluid"><div class="span8"><h2>Grammaire</h2></div><div class="span4 heading-rts"><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;sesskey=vEaigbaWFL&amp;section=10" class="btn btn-default" title="Revenir à Séquence 10 J'...">Revenir à Séquence 10 J'...<i class="fa-sign-in fa fa-fw"></i></a></div></div><div class="box generalbox center clearfix"><div class="no-overflow"><h2>La forme d'insistance</h2>

<p>En chinois mandarin, pour insister sur un élément de la phrase, on place le verbe <span class="hanzi">是</span> <span class="pinyin">shì</span> devant l'élément sur lequel on veut insister et on place <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class="pinyin">de</span> à la fin de la phrase.
</p><p>

</p><p>Observez les exemples suivants : <br>
<span class="hanzi">我坐飞机去中国。</span> Je vais en Chine en avion.<br>
<span class="hanzi">我是坐飞机去中国的。</span> C'est en avion que je vais en Chine.<br>
<span class="hanzi">我是明年七月坐飞机去中国的。</span> C'est en juillet de l'année prochaine que je vais en Chine en avion.<br>
<span class="hanzi">我明年七月是坐飞机去中国的。</span> C'est en avion que je vais en Chine en juillet de l'année prochaine.<br>
<span class="hanzi">我明年七月坐飞机是去中国的。</span> C'est en Chine que je vais en juillet de l'année prochaine en avion.<br>
<span class="hanzi">这是在火车站买的。</span> C'est à la gare que je l'ai acheté. <br>
</p>

<p>Ce n'est pas bien compliqué, mais c'est un point de grammaire sanctionné au niveau 1 du certificat de chinois HSK.</p>


<hr>


<h2>Les verbes objet</h2>

<p>Nous avons déjà parlé des verbes-objets : verbes qui ne peuvent pas fonctionner sans un objet.</p>

<p>"Dormir" <span class="hanzi">睡觉</span> <span class="pinyin">shuìjiào</span> est un verbe-objet typique :<br>
<span class="hanzi">睡</span> <span class="pinyin">shuì</span> (dormir)<br>
<span class="hanzi">觉</span> <span class="pinyin">jiào</span> (sommeil)<br>
</p><p>

</p><p>Exemple :<br>
<span class="hanzi">睡一个好觉</span> <span class="pinyin">shuì yí gè hǎojiào</span> faire un bon somme. <br>
<span class="hanzi">睡午觉</span> <span class="pinyin">shuì wǔjiào</span> faire la sieste.
</p>

<p>"Manger" <span class="hanzi">吃饭</span> <span class="pinyin">chīfàn</span> est un verbe-objet, mais il tend petit à petit à perdre ce statut à l'oral : on entend parfois <span class="hanzi">吃</span> <span class="pinyin">chī</span> tout seul.</p>

<p>
Exemples avec  <span class="hanzi">吃饭</span> <span class="pinyin">chīfàn</span> :<br>
<span class="hanzi">我很喜欢吃饭。</span> J'aime beaucoup manger.<br>
<span class="hanzi">我喜欢吃中国菜。</span> J'aime la cuisine chinoise. (remarquez qu'en chinois on précise "J'aime manger ...") <br>
</p>


<hr>


<h2><span class="hanzi">太。。。了</span></h2>

<p>En chinois mandarin le mot "trop" <span class="hanzi">太</span> <span class="pinyin">tài</span> est très souvent associé avec le <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="pinyin">le</span> en fin de phrase (mais le <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="pinyin">le</span> perd ici toute utilité grammaticale, c'est une tournure d'usage), sauf dans les phrases négatives.
</p><p>

</p><p>Exemple :<br>
<span class="hanzi">她做的菜太好吃了！</span> Les plats qu'elle fait sont excellents !<br>
<span class="hanzi">太好了！</span> Super !<br>
<span class="hanzi">他不太喜欢坐飞机。</span> Il n'aime pas trop prendre l'avion.
</p>


<hr>


<h2><span class="hanzi">在。。。呢</span></h2>

<p>Devant un verbe, <span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="pinyin">zài</span> indique que l'action est en train de se produire :<br>
<span class="hanzi">我在做饭。</span> Je suis en train de faire la cuisine.
</p><p>

</p><p>
<span class="hanzi">呢</span> <span class="pinyin">ne</span> a le même sens en fin de phrase avec une tonalité plus orale :
<span class="hanzi">我做饭呢！</span> Je suis en train de faire la cuisine !
</p>

<p>Comment distinguer le <span class="hanzi">呢</span> qui reprend la question (<span class="hanzi">你呢？</span>) et le <span class="hanzi">呢</span> qui indique que l'action est en train de se produire ?</p>

<p>
Si <span class="hanzi">呢</span>&nbsp; est précédé qu'un mot, il indique que l'on reprend la question : <br>
<span class="hanzi">他呢？</span> Et lui ?<br>
<span class="hanzi">火车呢？</span> Et le train ?
</p>

<p>
Si <span class="hanzi">呢</span>&nbsp; est précédé une phrase, il indique que l'action est en train de se produire :<br>
<span class="hanzi">他做什么呢？</span> Qu'est-il en train de faire ?
</p>


<p>En réalité, le <span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="pinyin">zài</span> et le <span class="hanzi">呢</span> <span class="pinyin">ne</span> sont le plus souvent utilisés ensemble :<br>
<span class="hanzi">他在睡觉呢。</span> Il est en train de dormir.<br>
<span class="hanzi">我在学习呢。</span> Je suis en train d'étudier.
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