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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>Chapter 4. Individual weapons training</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Глава 3. Словарь"/><link rel="next" href="ch05.xhtml" title="Chapter 5. Glossary"/></head><body><header/><section class="chapter" title="Chapter 4. Individual weapons training" epub:type="chapter" id="d0e2743"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Chapter 4. Individual weapons training</h1></div></div></div><p>
- </p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Introduction</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>This lesson is about the characteristics of small arms and gives instructions
- as to how to use them.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Note that this lesson is general in nature and not geared to any specific
- weapon. The terminology and instructions given here may be selectively applied to
- many different small arms.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Characteristics</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">A.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Weight</td><td style="text-align: left; ">J.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Recoil-operated</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">B.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Caliber</td><td style="text-align: left; ">K.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Single action</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">C.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Automatic</td><td style="text-align: left; ">L.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Double action</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">D.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Semi-automatic</td><td style="text-align: left; ">M.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Shot capacity</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">E.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Magazine-fed</td><td style="text-align: left; ">N.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Maximum rate of fire</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">F.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Belt-fed</td><td style="text-align: left; ">O.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Sustained rate of fire</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">G.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Clip-fed</td><td style="text-align: left; ">P.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Maximum range</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">H.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Single shot</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Q.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Effective range</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">I.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Gas-operated</td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Disassembly</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">A.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Remove</td><td style="text-align: left; ">G.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Slide</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">B.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Unscrew</td><td style="text-align: left; ">H.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Hold</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">C.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Depress</td><td style="text-align: left; ">I.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Dismount</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">D.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Pull</td><td style="text-align: left; ">J.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Loosen</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">E.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Release</td><td style="text-align: left; ">K.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Lift</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">F.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Turn</td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Assembly</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">A.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Join</td><td style="text-align: left; ">D.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Return</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">B.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Insert</td><td style="text-align: left; ">E.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Tighten</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">C.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Press</td><td style="text-align: left; ">F.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Mount</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Operating Cycle</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">A.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Cock</td><td style="text-align: left; ">E.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Fire</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">B.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Load</td><td style="text-align: left; ">F.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Unlock</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">C.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Chamber</td><td style="text-align: left; ">G.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Extract/Extracting cam</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">D.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Lock</td><td style="text-align: left; ">H.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Eject</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Marksmanship</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Sights and sight pictures:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Iron sights:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">a.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Front post</td><td style="text-align: left; ">g.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Elevation</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">b.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Rear sight</td><td style="text-align: left; ">h.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Back view</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">c.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Open sight</td><td style="text-align: left; ">i.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Center mark</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">d.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Notch</td><td style="text-align: left; ">j.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Slide forward</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">e.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Aperture</td><td style="text-align: left; ">k.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Slide backward</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">f.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Marks, forward or backward</td><td style="text-align: left; ">l.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Center of mass</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Optical sights:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">a.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Cross hairs</td><td style="text-align: left; ">d.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Across the front</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">b.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Stadia lines</td><td style="text-align: left; ">e.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Oblique</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">c.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Lead the target</td><td style="text-align: left; ">f.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Approaching</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td style="text-align: left; ">g.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Retreating</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Sight pictures:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">a.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Look through</td><td style="text-align: left; ">i.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Relax</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">b.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Balance</td><td style="text-align: left; ">j.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Breathe</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">c.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Align the sights</td><td style="text-align: left; ">k.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Hold</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">d.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Base of the target</td><td style="text-align: left; ">l.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Aim</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">e.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Cant of the weapon</td><td style="text-align: left; ">m.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Squeeze</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">f.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Horizontal alignment</td><td style="text-align: left; ">n.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Don't pull the trigger</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">g.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Vertical alignment</td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">h.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Squint</td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Body positions:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Accurate firing depends on the correct body position. Some ways of
- holding the weapon put undue stress on the body. This stress will cause
- muscle tremors which make the firer move off target. It is important to
- learn ,the most stable and comfortable firing positions.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Standing position:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>a. Right-handed persons should face 45° (forty-five degrees) to
- the right of the target. Place feet shoulder-width apart. Lean the
- upper body slightly into the weapon. Pull the weapon into the shoulder
- "pocket" of the right hand.</p></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Kneeling position:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>a. Face 90° to the right of the target. Kneel on the right knee.
- Turn left foot 45° to the left. Lean upper body toward left knee. Rest
- the back part of upper left arm on the front of left knee.</p></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Sitting position:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>a. Face 45° to the right of the target. Using your left hand as a
- brace, reach behind you and sit down. Bend knees to approximately 45°
- . Place feet a comfortable distance apart. Bring upper arms forward of
- and inside your knees.</p></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Prone position:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>a. Face 45° to the right of your target. Using your left hand and
- knees, lie face down. Spread legs wide and press ankles against the
- ground. Support elbows on the ground in front. Raise the weapon to
- the firing position. The sights should be in line with the target. If
- that is not the case, shift the lower body as necessary.</p></li></ul></div></li></ol></div></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Weapons Zeroing</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>To insure that the bullet will strike where you aim, it is necessary to "zero"
- the weapon. It is important to compare where you aim to where the bullet should
- strike. If a difference exists, adjust the sights to agree with the strike of the
- bullet. The front and rear sights must be aligned vertically and horizontally.
- After this is done you have the proper "sight picture." Without a proper sight
- picture you cannot zero the weapon.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Sight corrections are made after three rounds have been fired. The center hit
- of this "shot group" should also be the center of the target. If corrections are
- necessary, adjust the front sight. When adjusting, move it towards the shot group.
- If the rear sight is adjustable, move it away from the shot group. Each type of
- sight has its own characteristics. You must !:now how your sight operates. You
- must memorize the zero setting for your weapon. If you don't observe this rule,
- you will have to zero it after each cleaning.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Familiarization Firing:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>While practice-firing the weapon, you will find out the following:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>What it can and cannot do.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>How it reacts and sounds during firing.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>How it performs at different ranges.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>What body positions are the best and the most efficient.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Which of your (the firer's) mistakes cause misses.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Organize two-man teams. As one fires his weapon, the ; other helps him carry
- out instructions. The firer will be given safety instructions and ammunition. When
- you have finished firing, help train your partner.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Safety Briefing</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Listen carefully to instructions!</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Weapons should always be unloaded and on safety except when firing.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Muzzles of weapons should point up and toward the target at all times.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>If there is a misfire, raise [your] hand! Keep the weapon pointed toward the
- target.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Don't play with the weapon!</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Point it only where you intend to fire!</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Begin firing only on command!</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Cease firing immediately on command!</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Always think about safety instructions!</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Competitive Firing</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Competitive firing will offer you the opportunity to show how well you have
- learned to follow instructions. The best firers may get additional training as
- snipers.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Terms:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="newCol3"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">1.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Score</td><td style="text-align: left; ">5.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Range (distance)</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">2.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Target</td><td style="text-align: left; ">6.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Commence firing!</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">3.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Hit</td><td style="text-align: left; ">7.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Cease firing!</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; ">4.</td><td style="text-align: left; ">Miss</td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div></li></ol></div><p>
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