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- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Chapter 4. Individual weapons training</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="Russian Special Forces Functional Program"/><link rel="up" href="index.xhtml" title="Russian Special Forces Functional Program"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Глава 3. Словарь"/><link rel="next" href="ch05.xhtml" title="Chapter 5. Glossary"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 4. Individual weapons training</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e1468"/>Chapter 4. Individual weapons training</h1></div></div></div><p>
- </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>Introduction</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>This lesson is about the characteristics of small arms and gives instructions
- as to how to use them.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Note that this lesson is general in nature and not geared to any specific
- weapon. The terminology and instructions given here may be selectively applied to
- many different small arms.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Characteristics</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">A.</td><td align="left">Weight</td><td align="left">J.</td><td align="left">Recoil-operated</td></tr><tr><td align="left">B.</td><td align="left">Caliber</td><td align="left">K.</td><td align="left">Single action</td></tr><tr><td align="left">C.</td><td align="left">Automatic</td><td align="left">L.</td><td align="left">Double action</td></tr><tr><td align="left">D.</td><td align="left">Semi-automatic</td><td align="left">M.</td><td align="left">Shot capacity</td></tr><tr><td align="left">E.</td><td align="left">Magazine-fed</td><td align="left">N.</td><td align="left">Maximum rate of fire</td></tr><tr><td align="left">F.</td><td align="left">Belt-fed</td><td align="left">O.</td><td align="left">Sustained rate of fire</td></tr><tr><td align="left">G.</td><td align="left">Clip-fed</td><td align="left">P.</td><td align="left">Maximum range</td></tr><tr><td align="left">H.</td><td align="left">Single shot</td><td align="left">Q.</td><td align="left">Effective range</td></tr><tr><td align="left">I.</td><td align="left">Gas-operated</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Disassembly</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">A.</td><td align="left">Remove</td><td align="left">G.</td><td align="left">Slide</td></tr><tr><td align="left">B.</td><td align="left">Unscrew</td><td align="left">H.</td><td align="left">Hold</td></tr><tr><td align="left">C.</td><td align="left">Depress</td><td align="left">I.</td><td align="left">Dismount</td></tr><tr><td align="left">D.</td><td align="left">Pull</td><td align="left">J.</td><td align="left">Loosen</td></tr><tr><td align="left">E.</td><td align="left">Release</td><td align="left">K.</td><td align="left">Lift</td></tr><tr><td align="left">F.</td><td align="left">Turn</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Assembly</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">A.</td><td align="left">Join</td><td align="left">D.</td><td align="left">Return</td></tr><tr><td align="left">B.</td><td align="left">Insert</td><td align="left">E.</td><td align="left">Tighten</td></tr><tr><td align="left">C.</td><td align="left">Press</td><td align="left">F.</td><td align="left">Mount</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Operating Cycle</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">A.</td><td align="left">Cock</td><td align="left">E.</td><td align="left">Fire</td></tr><tr><td align="left">B.</td><td align="left">Load</td><td align="left">F.</td><td align="left">Unlock</td></tr><tr><td align="left">C.</td><td align="left">Chamber</td><td align="left">G.</td><td align="left">Extract/Extracting cam</td></tr><tr><td align="left">D.</td><td align="left">Lock</td><td align="left">H.</td><td align="left">Eject</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Marksmanship</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>Sights and sight pictures:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>Iron sights:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">a.</td><td align="left">Front post</td><td align="left">g.</td><td align="left">Elevation</td></tr><tr><td align="left">b.</td><td align="left">Rear sight</td><td align="left">h.</td><td align="left">Back view</td></tr><tr><td align="left">c.</td><td align="left">Open sight</td><td align="left">i.</td><td align="left">Center mark</td></tr><tr><td align="left">d.</td><td align="left">Notch</td><td align="left">j.</td><td align="left">Slide forward</td></tr><tr><td align="left">e.</td><td align="left">Aperture</td><td align="left">k.</td><td align="left">Slide backward</td></tr><tr><td align="left">f.</td><td align="left">Marks, forward or backward</td><td align="left">l.</td><td align="left">Center of mass</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Optical sights:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">a.</td><td align="left">Cross hairs</td><td align="left">d.</td><td align="left">Across the front</td></tr><tr><td align="left">b.</td><td align="left">Stadia lines</td><td align="left">e.</td><td align="left">Oblique</td></tr><tr><td align="left">c.</td><td align="left">Lead the target</td><td align="left">f.</td><td align="left">Approaching</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">g.</td><td align="left">Retreating</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Sight pictures:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">a.</td><td align="left">Look through</td><td align="left">i.</td><td align="left">Relax</td></tr><tr><td align="left">b.</td><td align="left">Balance</td><td align="left">j.</td><td align="left">Breathe</td></tr><tr><td align="left">c.</td><td align="left">Align the sights</td><td align="left">k.</td><td align="left">Hold</td></tr><tr><td align="left">d.</td><td align="left">Base of the target</td><td align="left">l.</td><td align="left">Aim</td></tr><tr><td align="left">e.</td><td align="left">Cant of the weapon</td><td align="left">m.</td><td align="left">Squeeze</td></tr><tr><td align="left">f.</td><td align="left">Horizontal alignment</td><td align="left">n.</td><td align="left">Don't pull the trigger</td></tr><tr><td align="left">g.</td><td align="left">Vertical alignment</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">h.</td><td align="left">Squint</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Body positions:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>Accurate firing depends on the correct body position. Some ways of
- holding the weapon put undue stress on the body. This stress will cause
- muscle tremors which make the firer move off target. It is important to
- learn ,the most stable and comfortable firing positions.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Standing position:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a. Right-handed persons should face 45° (forty-five degrees) to
- the right of the target. Place feet shoulder-width apart. Lean the
- upper body slightly into the weapon. Pull the weapon into the shoulder
- "pocket" of the right hand.</p></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Kneeling position:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a. Face 90° to the right of the target. Kneel on the right knee.
- Turn left foot 45° to the left. Lean upper body toward left knee. Rest
- the back part of upper left arm on the front of left knee.</p></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Sitting position:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a. Face 45° to the right of the target. Using your left hand as a
- brace, reach behind you and sit down. Bend knees to approximately 45°
- . Place feet a comfortable distance apart. Bring upper arms forward of
- and inside your knees.</p></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Prone position:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a. Face 45° to the right of your target. Using your left hand and
- knees, lie face down. Spread legs wide and press ankles against the
- ground. Support elbows on the ground in front. Raise the weapon to
- the firing position. The sights should be in line with the target. If
- that is not the case, shift the lower body as necessary.</p></li></ul></div></li></ol></div></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Weapons Zeroing</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>To insure that the bullet will strike where you aim, it is necessary to "zero"
- the weapon. It is important to compare where you aim to where the bullet should
- strike. If a difference exists, adjust the sights to agree with the strike of the
- bullet. The front and rear sights must be aligned vertically and horizontally.
- After this is done you have the proper "sight picture." Without a proper sight
- picture you cannot zero the weapon.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Sight corrections are made after three rounds have been fired. The center hit
- of this "shot group" should also be the center of the target. If corrections are
- necessary, adjust the front sight. When adjusting, move it towards the shot group.
- If the rear sight is adjustable, move it away from the shot group. Each type of
- sight has its own characteristics. You must !:now how your sight operates. You
- must memorize the zero setting for your weapon. If you don't observe this rule,
- you will have to zero it after each cleaning.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Familiarization Firing:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>While practice-firing the weapon, you will find out the following:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>What it can and cannot do.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>How it reacts and sounds during firing.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>How it performs at different ranges.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>What body positions are the best and the most efficient.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Which of your (the firer's) mistakes cause misses.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Organize two-man teams. As one fires his weapon, the ; other helps him carry
- out instructions. The firer will be given safety instructions and ammunition. When
- you have finished firing, help train your partner.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Safety Briefing</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>Listen carefully to instructions!</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Weapons should always be unloaded and on safety except when firing.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Muzzles of weapons should point up and toward the target at all times.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>If there is a misfire, raise [your] hand! Keep the weapon pointed toward the
- target.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Don't play with the weapon!</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Point it only where you intend to fire!</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Begin firing only on command!</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Cease firing immediately on command!</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Always think about safety instructions!</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Competitive Firing</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>Competitive firing will offer you the opportunity to show how well you have
- learned to follow instructions. The best firers may get additional training as
- snipers.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Terms:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="newCol3"/><col align="left" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">1.</td><td align="left">Score</td><td align="left">5.</td><td align="left">Range (distance)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.</td><td align="left">Target</td><td align="left">6.</td><td align="left">Commence firing!</td></tr><tr><td align="left">3.</td><td align="left">Hit</td><td align="left">7.</td><td align="left">Cease firing!</td></tr><tr><td align="left">4.</td><td align="left">Miss</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div></li></ol></div><p>
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