eric
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Dli-Verbs-of-motion


			
				
					
						
						
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							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"><head xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" profile=""><title>Chapter 2. Verbs of motion</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/></head><body><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d0e1101" shape="rect"/>Chapter 2. Verbs of motion</h1></div></div></div><p>In Russian certain verbs have two imperfective forms. These verbs are called the "verbs of
      motion", because they state the basic types of motion — going on foot, going by vehicle,
      flying, swimming, crawling, etc.</p><p>There are only thirteen of these verbs, but they play a large role in both the spoken and
      written language. For our purposes, only the verbs of going, carrying, and leading are used.
      If you are curious, all of the verbs of motion are listed in the Appendix <a class="xref" href="ch08.html#Appendix" shape="rect">page </a> in the back.</p><p>The two imperfective forms of these verbs present alternate views of going, carrying,
      swimming, etc. In general, a Russian needs only two verbs to express all possibilities of a
      verbal idea — the imperfective and the perfective.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col class="c2" span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center" rowspan="1"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea
                "writing"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>
                <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">писать</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>
                <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">написать</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>To express a verbal idea in all possible ways for a verb of motion you need three verbs —
      the perfective verb and two imperfective verbs called the indeterminate and the
      determinate.</p><p/><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col class="c2" span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center" rowspan="1"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea "going
                on foot"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center" rowspan="1"><span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>
                <span class="bold"><strong>indeterminate</strong></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>
                <span class="bold"><strong>determinate</strong></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now look at the card that comes with this booklet. This card is titled <span class="italic">CONJUGATION PATTERNS OF THE VERBS OF LOCOMOTION AND CONVEYANCE</span>.
        (<a class="xref" href="pr01.html#Card" shape="rect">page </a>)</p><p>These are the five verbs used throughout this text for examples, practice exercises, and
      tests. You may use this card anytime you wish as a reference, "cheat sheet", or bookmark. Of
      course, if you going to learn Russian you will eventually have to memorize them, but in this
      text it is not obligatory.</p><p>There are in Russian two verb-pairs with the general meaning of "to go", "to come", or "to
      travel", The verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить-идти</em></span> mean "to go on
      foot", and the verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить-ехать</em></span> mean "to go by
      vehicle or some means of conveyance".</p><p>In English we use the verb "to go" much more generally than the Russians. The English
      sentence "I am going to town" has two counterparts in Russian.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду в город.</em></span> I am going to town (on
            foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я еду в город.</em></span> I am going to town (by
            vehicle).</p></li></ul></div><p>A similar distinction is made for <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить-нести</em></span> "to carry on foot" and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить-везти</em></span> , "to carry by vehicle, to transport".</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup span="1"><col span="1"/><col style="text-align: center" span="1"/><col class="c3" span="1"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">On Foot</th><th style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">to go</td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить --
              идти</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить --
              ехать</em></span></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">to carry</td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить --
              нести</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить --
              везти</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p/><p>This is a simple exercise to help you start to discriminate between "going on foot" and
      "going by vehicle". <span class="bold"><strong>Place a check beside the correct
        response.</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col class="c2" span="1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3" span="1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c4" span="1"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">On Foot</th><th style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>1.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>going across the room</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>2.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>going to Florida</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>з.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>carrying my friend to the movies</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>4.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>going into the kitchen</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>5.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>carrying the book upstairs</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>6.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>carrying the refrigerator back to town</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>7.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>going to the country</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>8.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>carrying the newspaper next door</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>9.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>carrying the family home</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>10.</p>
            </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>going through the library</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p/>
            </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2" span="1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3" span="1"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">On Foot</th><th style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>1.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>2.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>з.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>4.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>5.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>6.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>7.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>8.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>9.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>-</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>10.</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
              <p>X</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now with the aid of your card translate the two sentences into English.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я несу книгу в класс.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я везу деньги</em></span> (money) <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в банк.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the book to class (on foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the money to the bank (by car).</p></li></ol></div><p>The verbs of motion have two imperfective forms. They are called the _____________ and the
      _____________.</p></div></body></html>