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  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">Chapter&nbsp;4.&nbsp;The indeterminate verbs of motion</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="prev" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;The determinate"><link rel="next" href="ch05.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;5.&nbsp;Some other verbs"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;4.&nbsp;The indeterminate verbs of motion</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">&nbsp;</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch05.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d5e1230"></a>Chapter&nbsp;4.&nbsp;The indeterminate verbs of motion</h1></div></div></div><p>Before we start on the indeterminate verbs of motion, there is one more point of grammar
    4. 

  4.       paralleling the kind of choice we must make between <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1075;&#1076;&#1077;</em></span> , Two
    5. 

  5.       prepositions <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> + locative express location. This is something you have been doing all
    6. 

  6.       along.</p><p>When &#1074; or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> governs the locative case:
    7. 

  7.         <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;</em></span> means "in, at", and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> means "on, at".</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1043;&#1076;&#1077; &#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;?</em></span></td><td>Where is Ivan?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1074; &#1073;&#1080;&#1073;&#1083;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#1082;&#1077;.</em></span></td><td>He's in the library.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1085;&#1072; &#1082;&#1086;&#1085;&#1094;&#1077;&#1088;&#1090;&#1077;.</em></span></td><td>He's at the concert.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In sentences with verbs of motion, a question is generally &#1072; <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span>-question. A <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;y&#1076;&#1072;</em></span>-question
    8. 

  8.       asks, "whereto?" The same prepositions &#1074; and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span>
    9. 

  9.       may be used to answer a <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span>-question. In this
    10. 

  10.       case &#1074; means "in, to", and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> means "on, to". In
    11. 

  11.       answering <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span>-questions, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> govern
    12. 

  12.       the accusative case &#8212; <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;</em></span> or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> + accusative.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1050;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;?</em></span> Where is Ivan
    13. 

  13.             going?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1074; &#1090;&#1077;&#1072;&#1090;&#1088;.</em></span> He is going to the
    14. 

  14.             theater.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1085;&#1072; &#1082;&#1086;&#1085;&#1094;&#1077;&#1088;&#1090;.</em></span> He is going to the
    15. 

  15.             concert.</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Choose the correct form.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1086;&#1103; &#1090;&#1077;&#1088;&#1077;&#1083;&#1082;&#1072; (&#1085;&#1072; &#1082;&#1091;&#1093;&#1085;&#1077;/&#1085;&#1072; &#1082;&#1091;&#1093;&#1085;&#1102;).</em></span></p><p>My plate is in the kitchen.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1080;&#1076;&#1091; (&#1085;&#1072; &#1091;&#1088;&#1086;&#1082;&#1077;/&#1085;&#1072; &#1091;&#1088;&#1086;&#1082;).</em></span></p><p>I am going to class.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080; &#1095;&#1080;&#1090;&#1072;&#1102;&#1090; (&#1074; &#1073;&#1080;&#1073;&#1083;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#1082;&#1077;/&#1074;
    16. 

  16.           &#1073;&#1080;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#1082;&#1091;).</em></span></p><p>People read in the library.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1090;&#1077;&#1094; &#1096;&#1105;&#1083; (&#1074; &#1075;&#1086;&#1088;&#1086;&#1076;&#1077;/&#1074; &#1075;&#1086;&#1088;&#1086;&#1076;).</em></span></p><p>Father was going to town.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1074;&#1080;&#1076;&#1077;&#1083; &#1077;&#1075;&#1086; (&#1085;&#1072; &#1092;&#1091;&#1090;&#1073;&#1086;&#1083;&#1077;/&#1085;&#1072;
    17. 

  17.           &#1092;&#1091;&#1090;&#1073;&#1086;&#1083;).</em></span></p><p>I saw him at the football game.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072; &#1091;&#1088;&#1086;&#1082;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074; &#1073;&#1080;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#1082;&#1077;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074; &#1075;&#1086;&#1088;&#1086;&#1076;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072; &#1092;&#1091;&#1090;&#1073;&#1086;&#1083;&#1077;.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>There is one other pair of adverbial forms meaning "home" used the same way &#8212;
    18. 

  18.         <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;</em></span> (location) and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1086;&#1081;</em></span> (destination or direction).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the answers to the following questions into Russian using
    19. 

  19.         either <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;</em></span> or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1086;&#1081;</em></span>.</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1043;&#1076;&#1077; &#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;?</em></span></p><p>He is at home. _______</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1050;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;?</em></span></p><p>He is going home. _______</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1086;&#1081;.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="center">Fill In the blanks below.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
    20. 

  20.               <p><span class="bold"><strong>Location</strong></span></p>
    21. 

  21.             </td><td align="center">
    22. 

  22.               <p><span class="bold"><strong>Motion</strong></span></p>
    23. 

  23.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    24. 

  24.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1075;&#1076;&#1077;</em></span></p>
    25. 

  25.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    26. 

  26.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1079;&#1076;&#1077;&#1089;&#1100;</em></span></p>
    27. 

  27.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    28. 

  28.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1072;&#1084; </em></span></p>
    29. 

  29.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    30. 

  30.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072; &#1074;</em></span> + locative</p>
    31. 

  31.             </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    32. 

  32.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> + locative</p>
    33. 

  33.             </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Location</th><th align="center">Motion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
    34. 

  34.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1075;&#1076;&#1077;</em></span></p>
    35. 

  35.             </td><td align="center">
    36. 

  36.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    37. 

  37.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    38. 

  38.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1079;&#1076;&#1077;&#1089;&#1100;</em></span></p>
    39. 

  39.             </td><td align="center">
    40. 

  40.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1102;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    41. 

  41.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    42. 

  42.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1072;&#1084;</em></span></p>
    43. 

  43.             </td><td align="center">
    44. 

  44.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    45. 

  45.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    46. 

  46.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    47. 

  47.             </td><td align="center">
    48. 

  48.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1086;&#1081;</em></span></p>
    49. 

  49.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    50. 

  50.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;</em></span> + locative</p>
    51. 

  51.             </td><td align="center">
    52. 

  52.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;</em></span> + accusative</p>
    53. 

  53.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    54. 

  54.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> + locative</p>
    55. 

  55.             </td><td align="center">
    56. 

  56.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> + accusative</p>
    57. 

  57.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Since indeterminate verbs are Imperfective verbs, <span class="bold"><strong>what are the three
    58. 

  58.         basic actions expressed by imperfective verbs?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>If determinate verbs of motion express a progressive (a simple progressive motion along a
    59. 

  59.       line at a given moment), then<span class="bold"><strong> indeterminate verbs express ____________
    60. 

  60.         and ______________.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: repeated action (motion) and naming the action
    61. 

  61.       (motion)</p><p>To put repeated motion and naming the action into the same sort of definition as the
    62. 

  62.       determinate one, let us say that an indeterminate verb may describe:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>motion with no relation to the line</p></li></ol></div><p>The repeated or habitual actions when translated into repeated or habitual motions can be
    63. 

  63.       thought of as non-progressive motion along a line. Using the indeterminate verb <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span> (the partner of the determinate verb <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span>), turn to the next page and look at the sentences
    64. 

  64.       describing non-progressive motion along a line.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1078;&#1091; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091; &#1090;&#1088;&#1080; &#1088;&#1072;&#1079;&#1072; &#1074;
    65. 

  65.             &#1085;&#1077;&#1076;&#1077;&#1083;&#1102;.</em></span> I go to class three times a week.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-4.png" width="496"></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1083; &#1087;&#1086; &#1082;&#1086;&#1084;&#1085;&#1072;&#1090;&#1077;.</em></span> I
    66. 

  66.           was walking around the room.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-5.png" width="496"></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Habitual motion: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1086;&#1081; &#1073;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090; &#1074; &#1075;&#1086;&#1088;&#1086;&#1076;.</em></span>
    67. 

  67.           My brother goes to town.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-6.png" width="496"></td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p><a name="p39"></a>Now at the sentence below. <span class="bold"><strong>Select the best
    68. 

  68.         answer.</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1047;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;</em></span> _____ <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;
    69. 

  69.         &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091;.</em></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090;</em></span>
    70. 

  70.           <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p42">page </a></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>b: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;</em></span>
    71. 

  71.           <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p40">page </a>
    72. 

  72.         </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>c: either <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090;</em></span> or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;</em></span>
    73. 

  73.           <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p41">page </a></p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (b) <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1079;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;
    74. 

  74.         &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091;.</em></span> Zina goes to school.</p><p><a name="p40"></a>"Zina goes to school" is a non-progressive motion considered as a
    75. 

  75.       repeated action or habitual action. It certainly can be interpreted in this way. But can't you
    76. 

  76.       also say <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1047;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091;</em></span> "Zina is going
    77. 

  77.       to school" (a progressive motion along a line at a given moment in time)? This also
    78. 

  78.       correct.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
    79. 

  79.       only one possible interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbial clues for
    80. 

  80.       repeated or habitual actions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
    81. 

  81.         visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
    82. 

  82.       thought of.</p><p><a name="p41"></a><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1047;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091;.</em></span> Zina is going to
    83. 

  83.           school.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1047;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091;.</em></span> Zina goes to
    84. 

  84.           school.</p></li></ul></div><p>You are absolutely right. There was not enough Information in the rest of the sentence to
    85. 

  85.       be sure of any one single interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one
    86. 

  86.       way.</p><p>More often than not a sentence with an indeterminate verb will have adverbial clues for
    87. 

  87.       repeated or habitual motions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
    88. 

  88.         visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
    89. 

  89.       thought of.</p><p><a name="p42"></a><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (&#1072;)
    90. 

  90.         <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1047;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091;.</em></span> Zina is going to
    91. 

  91.       school.</p><p>"Zina is going to school" describes a simple progressive motion along a line at a given
    92. 

  92.       moment in time. This is correct as far as it goes. What about <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1047;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1091;</em></span> "Zina goes to school" (an habitual or repeated
    93. 

  93.       motion)? This is also possible.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
    94. 

  94.       only one possible answer. The sentence can be visualized more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbs or adverbial
    95. 

  95.       clues for repeated or habitual actions. Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that
    96. 

  96.       will help you visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I thought of.</p><p><a name="p43"></a>Here is my list of adverbial clues or cues that can assist you in
    97. 

  97.       choosing the indeterminate from.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
    98. 

  98.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1089;&#1077;&#1075;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    99. 

  99.             </td><td>
    100. 

  100.               <p>always</p>
    101. 

  101.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    102. 

  102.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1080;&#1082;&#1086;&#1075;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    103. 

  103.             </td><td>
    104. 

  104.               <p>never</p>
    105. 

  105.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    106. 

  106.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1074;&#1072; &#1088;&#1072;&#1079;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    107. 

  107.             </td><td>
    108. 

  108.               <p>twice</p>
    109. 

  109.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    110. 

  110.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1088;&#1080; &#1088;&#1072;&#1079;&#1072;</em></span></p>
    111. 

  111.             </td><td>
    112. 

  112.               <p>three times</p>
    113. 

  113.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    114. 

  114.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1103;&#1090;&#1100; &#1088;&#1072;&#1079;</em></span></p>
    115. 

  115.             </td><td>
    116. 

  116.               <p>five times</p>
    117. 

  117.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    118. 

  118.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1084;&#1085;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1088;&#1072;&#1079;</em></span></p>
    119. 

  119.             </td><td>
    120. 

  120.               <p>many times</p>
    121. 

  121.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    122. 

  122.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1076;&#1099;&#1081; &#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1100;</em></span></p>
    123. 

  123.             </td><td>
    124. 

  124.               <p>every day</p>
    125. 

  125.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    126. 

  126.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1076;&#1091;&#1102; &#1085;&#1077;&#1076;&#1077;&#1083;&#1102;</em></span></p>
    127. 

  127.             </td><td>
    128. 

  128.               <p>every week</p>
    129. 

  129.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    130. 

  130.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1095;&#1072;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;</em></span></p>
    131. 

  131.             </td><td>
    132. 

  132.               <p>often</p>
    133. 

  133.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    134. 

  134.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1073;&#1099;&#1095;&#1085;&#1086;</em></span></p>
    135. 

  135.             </td><td>
    136. 

  136.               <p>usually</p>
    137. 

  137.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    138. 

  138.               <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1073;&#1099;&#1082;&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1077;&#1085;&#1085;&#1086;</em></span></p>
    139. 

  139.             </td><td>
    140. 

  140.               <p>generally</p>
    141. 

  141.             </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1090; &#1074;&#1088;&#1077;&#1084;&#1077;&#1085;&#1080; &#1076;&#1086; &#1074;&#1088;&#1077;&#1084;&#1077;&#1085;&#1080;</em></span></td><td>from time to time</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In the three sentences below the forms of the determinate <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span> can not be used.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>What are the cues in the sentences that make the forms of the
    142. 

  142.         indeterminate <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span> the only
    143. 

  143.         choice?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1074;&#1089;&#1105; &#1074;&#1088;&#1077;&#1084;&#1103; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1083; &#1074;&#1079;&#1072;&#1076; &#1080; &#1074;&#1087;&#1077;&#1088;&#1105;&#1076; &#1087;&#1086;
    144. 

  144.             &#1082;&#1086;&#1084;&#1085;&#1072;&#1090;&#1077;.</em></span></p><p>He continuously walked back and forth about the room.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1093;&#1086;&#1078;&#1091; &#1085;&#1072; &#1083;&#1077;&#1082;&#1094;&#1080;&#1080; &#1087;&#1086;
    145. 

  145.           &#1074;&#1090;&#1086;&#1088;&#1085;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;&#1084;.</em></span></p><p>I go to lectures on Tuesdays.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1083;&#1100;&#1075;&#1072; &#1088;&#1077;&#1076;&#1082;&#1086; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1083;&#1072; &#1074; &#1082;&#1083;&#1072;&#1089;&#1089;.</em></span></p><p>Olga rarely came to class.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1089;&#1105; &#1074;&#1088;&#1077;&#1084;&#1103;</em></span> "continuously" and
    146. 

  146.             <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1079;&#1072;&#1076; &#1080; &#1074;&#1087;&#1077;&#1088;&#1105;</em></span>&#1076; "back and forth"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086; &#1074;&#1090;&#1086;&#1088;&#1085;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;&#1084;</em></span> "on Tuesdays"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1088;&#1077;&#1076;&#1082;&#1086;</em></span> "rarely"</p></li></ol></div><p>These clues help you determine that the sentences express a repeated or habitual action.
    147. 

  147.       Therefore, the indeterminate verb is called for. An indeterminate verb expresses a
    148. 

  148.       non-progressive motion along a line &#8212; motion back and forth along that line or motion several
    149. 

  149.       times along that line. Since a non-progressive motion can be a back-and-forth motion, the
    150. 

  150.       indeterminate verb is sometimes used in the past tense to describe a completed round trip
    151. 

  151.       (having gone somewhere and returned).</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1043;&#1076;&#1077; &#1090;&#1099; &#1073;&#1099;&#1083; &#1089;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086;&#1076;&#1085;&#1103;
    152. 

  152.               &#1091;&#1090;&#1088;&#1086;&#1084;?</em></span></td><td>Where were you this morning?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1083; &#1074; &#1073;&#1072;&#1085;&#1082;.</em></span></td><td>I went to the bank (and returned).</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>This round-trip notion easily falls into the definition of what
    153. 

  153.         Indeterminate verbs can do, that is, indeterminate verbs express</strong></span>
    154. 

  154.       _________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion non-progressively along a line. (At this
    155. 

  155.       point any definition using the idea of repeated, habitual, or back-and-forth motion Is
    156. 

  156.       correct.)</p><p>"Motion non-progressively along a line" is only half of the definition of indeterminate
    157. 

  157.       verbs. Can you fill in the blank below?</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb may describe:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_____________________________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion having no relation to the line (or any
    158. 

  158.       words to that effect).</p><p>Indeterminate verbs may also express motion without any reference to a line. This is
    159. 

  159.       simply naming the action, a general description of the motion.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1103;&#1090;.</em></span></td><td>People walk.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1056;&#1099;&#1073;&#1099; &#1087;&#1083;&#1072;&#1074;&#1072;&#1102;&#1090;.</em></span></td><td>Fish swim</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1055;&#1090;&#1080;&#1094;&#1099; &#1083;&#1077;&#1090;&#1072;&#1102;&#1090;.</em></span></td><td>Birds fly.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the following sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>I love to walk. ___________________</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1103; &#1083;&#1102;&#1073;&#1083;&#1102;
    160. 

  160.         &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;.</em></span> "I love to walk."</p><p>Since the motion is simply described with no relation to a line, the indeterminate verb of
    161. 

  161.       motion <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span> is required. Let us do one
    162. 

  162.       more.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate this sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><p>Our baby can walk. ________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>NOTE</strong></span>: The English modal verb "can" is not
    163. 

  163.       translated.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1053;&#1072;&#1096; &#1088;&#1077;&#1073;&#1105;&#1085;&#1086;&#1082;
    164. 

  164.         &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;.</em></span> "Our baby can walk."</p><p>Write a definition of an indeterminate verb.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb expresses:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: An indeterminate verb expresses: (1) motion
    165. 

  165.       non-progressively along a line, and (2) motion having no relation to a line.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Now write a definition of a determinate verb.</strong></span></p><p>A determinate verb expresses ____________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: A determinate verb expresses a simple progressive
    166. 

  166.       motion along a line at a given moment in time.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Circle the correct form:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1099; &#1095;&#1072;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086; (&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1084;/&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1084;) &#1074;
    167. 

  167.           &#1090;&#1077;&#1072;&#1090;&#1088;.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1074;&#1089;&#1090;&#1088;&#1077;&#1090;&#1080;&#1083; &#1077;&#1075;&#1086; &#1085;&#1072; &#1091;&#1083;&#1080;&#1094;&#1077;; &#1086;&#1085; (&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1083;/&#1096;&#1105;&#1083;) &#1074;
    168. 

  168.             &#1073;&#1072;&#1085;&#1082;.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1099; (&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1084;/&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1084;) &#1074; &#1075;&#1086;&#1089;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span> (as guests
    169. 

  169.             )<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> &#1089;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086;&#1076;&#1085;&#1103; &#1074;&#1077;&#1095;&#1077;&#1088;&#1086;&#1084;.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1085;&#1072;&#1095;&#1072;&#1083; &#1087;&#1086;&#1083;&#1085;&#1077;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span> (to gain weight
    170. 

  170.             )<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">, &#1087;&#1086;&#1090;&#1086;&#1084;&#1091; &#1095;&#1090;&#1086; &#1086;&#1085; &#1084;&#1072;&#1083;&#1086;
    171. 

  171.           (&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;/&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090;).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085;&#1072; (&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;/&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090;) &#1074; &#1073;&#1080;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#1082;&#1091; &#1087;&#1086;&#1095;&#1090;&#1080; &#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1076;&#1099;&#1081;
    172. 

  172.             &#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1100;.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1084;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1096;&#1105;&#1083;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1084;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>We have now covered the basic uses of the determinate and indeterminate forms of the
    173. 

  173.       imperfective verbs of motion. In the next sections we shall apply these principles to some
    174. 

  174.       other verbs of motion.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center">&nbsp;</td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;The determinate&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Chapter&nbsp;5.&nbsp;Some other verbs</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    175.